03. Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat par Imaan laanay kay qawaa’id
✦ Allah Ta’alaa Ki Sifaat Par Imaan Laanay Kay Qawaa’id ✦
✦ Pehlaa Qaa’idah ✦
❁ Allah Ta’alaa Ki Sifaat, Sifaat-e-Kamilah Hain, Un Mein Kisi Qism Ka Koi Nuqs Nahin Hai
Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat, Sifaat-e-Kamilah hain, Un mein kisi qism ka koi nuqs nahin hai, Maslan: Sifat
“الحیاۃ”, “العلم”, “القدرۃ”, “السمع”, “البصر”, “الرحمة”, “العزة”, “الحكمة”, “العلو”
ya’ani buland hona “العظمة” wagheirah.
❁ Allah Ta’alaa ki tamaam Sifaat kay Sifaat-e-kamaal honay par Qur’an-o-Hadith aqal aur fitrat sab dalaalat kartay hain. Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“لِلَّذِيۡنَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِالۡاٰخِرَةِ مَثَلُ السَّوۡءِۚ وَلِلّٰهِ الۡمَثَلُ الۡاَعۡلٰى ؕ وَهُوَ الۡعَزِيۡزُ الۡحَكِيۡمُ ﴿۶۰﴾”
“Aakhirat par Imaan nah rakhnay waalon ki hi buri misaal hai, Allah Ta’alaa kay liye to bohot buland sifat hai, Woh badaa hi ghaalib aur baahikmat hai.” (Al Nahal: 60)
➤ To Allah Ta’alaa kay liye الۡمَثَلُ الۡاَعۡلٰى hai jis say muraad sab say A’alaa-o-Akmal wasf hai.
Aqal ki dalaalat is tarah hai keh tamaam mujood ka wujood haqeeqat hai, Lehaaza yaqeeni tour par har mujood ki kuch Sifaat hongi ab woh Sifaat ya to kamaal hain ya nuqs kay saath hain… Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ka Sifaat-e-Nuqs hona baatil hai; Kiunkeh (jis zaat ki woh Sifaat hai) Woh zaat Rabb-e-Kamil hai jo tamaam i’baadaat ka mustahiq hai, Jabkeh Allah Ta’alaa nay ghairullah kay ma’abood honay ka ibtaal is daleel say kiya keh tamaam kay tamaam I’jz-o-Nuqs kay saath za’eef hain, Jesaa keh farmaaya:
“وَمَنۡ اَضَلُّ مِمَّنۡ يَّدۡعُوۡا مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰهِ مَنۡ لَّا يَسۡتَجِيۡبُ لَهٗۤ اِلٰى يَوۡمِ الۡقِيٰمَةِ وَهُمۡ عَنۡ دُعَآئِهِمۡ غٰفِلُوۡنَ ﴿۵﴾”
“Aur us say badh kar gumraah kon ho ga? Jo Allah Ta’alaa kay siwaa aisoon ko pukarta hai jo qayamat tak us ki dua’a qubool nah kar sakein balkeh un kay pukarnay say mahaz bay khabar hoon” (Al Ahqaaf: 5)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
“وَالَّذِيۡنَ يَدۡعُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰهِ لَا يَخۡلُقُوۡنَ شَيۡـئًا وَّهُمۡ يُخۡلَقُوۡنَؕ ﴿۲۰﴾ اَمۡوَاتٌ غَيۡرُ اَحۡيَآءٍ ۚ وَمَا يَشۡعُرُوۡنَ اَيَّانَ يُبۡعَثُوۡنَ ﴿۲۱﴾”
“Aur jin jin ko yeh log Allah Ta’alaa kay siwaa pukartay hain woh kisi cheez ko paidaa nahin kar saktay, Balkeh woh khud paidaa kiye huway hain. Murday hain zindah nahin, Unhein to yeh bhi sha’ur nahin keh kab uthay jaayein gay” (Al Nahal: 20-21)
❁ Neez Allah Ta’alaa nay Qur’an Majeed mein Ibraheem (علیه السلام) ka qaul pesh kiya jo apnay baap par is tarah hujjat qaaim farmaa rahay hain:
“اِذۡ قَالَ لِاَبِيۡهِ يٰۤـاَبَتِ لِمَ تَعۡبُدُ مَا لَا يَسۡمَعُ وَلَا يُبۡصِرُ وَ لَا يُغۡنِىۡ عَنۡكَ شَيۡـئًـا ﴿۴۲﴾”
“Aey Abba! Aap un ki poojaa paat Kiun kar rahay hain jo nah sunein nah dekhein? Nah aap ko kuch faaidah pohncha sakein” (Maryam: 42)
Neez apni qoum par is tarah hujjat farmaan rahay hain:
“قَالَ اَفَتَعۡبُدُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰهِ مَا لَا يَنۡفَعُكُمۡ شَيۡئًـا وَّلَا يَضُرُّكُمۡؕ ﴿۶۶﴾ اُفٍّ لَّـكُمۡ وَلِمَا تَعۡبُدُوۡنَ مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰهِؕ اَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُوۡنَ ﴿۶۷﴾”
“Kya tum Allah kay siwaa un ki i’baadat kartay ho jo nah tumhein kuch bhi nafa’a pohnchaa sakein nah nuqsaan. Tuff hai tum par aur un par jin ki tum i’baadat kartay ho. Kya tumhein itni si bhi aqal nahin?”
(Al Anbiya: 66-67)
Phir hiss aur mushaahadah say yeh baat saabit hai keh makhlooq ki bhi kuch Sifaat, Sifaat-e-Kamaal hain, Jo keh Allah Ta’alaa ki dain aur a’ataa hai to kamaal a’ataa farmaanay waali zaat khud bil A’ulaa kamaal ki mustahiq aur us kay saath muttasif ho gi.
Allah Ta’alaa ki tamaam Sifaat kay Sifaat-e-Kamaal honay par fitrat ki dalaalat bhi mujood hai, Aur woh is tarah keh Fitrat-e-Saleemah fitri aur jibilli tour par Allah Ta’alaa ki mahabbat, Ta’zeem aur i’baadat par qaaim hai…. To phir yeh jibillat aur fitrat Usi zaat kay liye mahabbat, Ta’azeem aur i’baadat bajaa laaye gi jis kay baaray mein usay yaqeen ho keh Woh Sifaat-e-Kamaal kay saath muttasif hai aur woh Sifaat aisi hain jo Us ki Ruboobiyat aur Uloohiyat kay laaiq hain.
Jo sifat, Sifat-e-Nuqs ho gi aur kamaal say khaali ho gi woh Allah Ta’alaa kay haq mein mumtane’ ho gi, Maslan: Mout, Jahal, Nisyan, A’aajzi, Andhaa pan, Behraa pan wagheirah. Chunaachah Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى الۡحَـىِّ الَّذِىۡ لَا يَمُوۡتُ”
“Us hameeshah zindah Allah Ta’alaa par tawakkul karein jisay kabhi mout nahin” (Al Furqaan: 58)
Aur Moosa (علیه السلام) kay waaqe’ah mein farmaaya:
“قَالَ عِلۡمُهَا عِنۡدَ رَبِّىۡ فِىۡ كِتٰبٍۚ لَا يَضِلُّ رَبِّىۡ وَلَا يَنۡسَى ﴿۵۲﴾”
“Un ka i’lm meray Rabb kay haan kitaab mein mujood hai, Nah to Mera Rabb ghalti karta hai nah bholta hai” (Taaha: 52)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
“وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُعۡجِزَهٗ مِنۡ شَىۡءٍ فِى السَّمٰوٰتِ وَلَا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ ؕ”
“Aur Allah aisaa nahin hai keh koi cheez usay haraa day nah aasmaanon mein aur nah zameen mein” (Faatir: 44)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
“اَمۡ يَحۡسَبُوۡنَ اَنَّا لَا نَسۡمَعُ سِرَّهُمۡ وَنَجۡوٰٮهُمۡؕ بَلٰى وَرُسُلُنَا لَدَيۡهِمۡ يَكۡتُبُوۡنَ ﴿۸۰﴾”
“Kya un ka khayal yeh hai keh ham un ki poosheedah baaton ko aur un ki sargooshiyon ko nahin suntay (yaqeenan woh baraabar sun rahay hain) balkeh hamaray bhejay huway un kay paas hi likh rahay hain”
(Al Zukhruf: 80)
❁ Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) nay dajjaal kay zikr mein farmaaya:
“انه أعور وان ربكم ليس بأعور”
“Beshak dajjaal kanaa hai aur tumhaaraa Rabb kanaa nahin” (Sahih Bukhaari: 7408)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
“أيها الناس اربعو على انفسكم فانكم لا تدعون أصم ولا غائبا”
“Aey logoo! Pursukoon rahoo, Tum kisi aisi zaat ko nahin pukar rahay jo behri hai aur nah hi aisi zaat ko jo ghaayab hai” (Sahih Bukhaari: 2992)
Aur Allah Ta’alaa nay un logon ko shadeed a’azaab say do chaar karnay ki wa’eed sunai jo Allah Ta’alaa ko kisi Sifat-e-Nuqs say musoof kartay hain. Chunaachah farmaaya:
“وَقَالَتِ الۡيَهُوۡدُ يَدُ اللّٰهِ مَغۡلُوۡلَةٌ ؕ غُلَّتۡ اَيۡدِيۡهِمۡ وَلُعِنُوۡا بِمَا قَالُوۡا ۘ بَلۡ يَدٰهُ مَبۡسُوۡطَتٰنِ ۙ يُنۡفِقُ كَيۡفَ يَشَآءُ ؕ”
“Aur yahoodion nay kaha keh Allah kay haath bandhay huway hain, Unhi kay haath bandhay huway hain aur un kay is qaul ki wajah say un par la’anat ki gai, Balkeh Allah Ta’alaa kay donon haath khulay huway hain. Jis tarah chaahtaa hai usay kharch karta hai” (Al Maaidah: 64)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
“لَقَدۡ سَمِعَ اللّٰهُ قَوۡلَ الَّذِيۡنَ قَالُوۡۤا اِنَّ اللّٰهَ فَقِيۡرٌ وَّنَحۡنُ اَغۡنِيَآءُ ۘ سَنَكۡتُبُ مَا قَالُوۡا وَقَتۡلَهُمُ الۡاَنۡۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيۡرِ حَقٍّ ۙۚ وَّنَقُوۡلُ ذُوۡقُوۡا عَذَابَ الۡحَرِيۡقِ ﴿۱۸۱﴾”
“Yaqeenan Allah Ta’alaa nay un logon ka qaul bhi suna jinhon nay kaha Allah Ta’alaa faqeer hai aur ham tawungar hain un kay is qaul ko ham likh lein gay. Aur un ka Anbiya ko naahaq qatal karna bhi aur ham un say kahein gay keh jalnay waalay a’azaab chakho!” (Aal-e-I’mraan: 181)
Aur Allah Ta’alaa nay un logon ki baaton say keh jo Allah Ta’alaa ko naqaais say muttasif kartay hain apni Tanzeeh-o-Paakeezgi bayan farmaai hai.
❁ Chunaachah farmaaya:
“سُبۡحٰنَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الۡعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُوۡنَۚ ﴿۱۸۰﴾ وَسَلٰمٌ عَلَى الۡمُرۡسَلِيۡنَۚ ﴿۱۸۱﴾ وَالۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الۡعٰلَمِيۡنَ ﴿۱۸۲﴾”
“Paak hai aap ka Rabb jo bohot badi i’zzat waala hai har us cheez say (jo mushrik) bayan kartay hain. Paighambaroon par salaam hai. Aur sab tarah ki ta’areef Allah Ta’alaa kay liye hai jo saaray jahaan ka Rabb hai” (Al Saaffaat: 80-82)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
“مَا اتَّخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِنۡ وَّلَدٍ وَّمَا كَانَ مَعَهٗ مِنۡ اِلٰهٍ اِذًا لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ اِلٰهٍۢ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلٰى بَعۡضٍؕ سُبۡحٰنَ اللّٰهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُوۡنَۙ ﴿۹۱﴾”
“Nah to Allah nay kisi ko betaa banaaya aur naa us kay saath aur koi ma’abood hai, Warnah har ma’abood apni makhlooq ko liye liye phirtaa aur har aik dusray par chadh doodhtaa. Jo ausaaf yeh batlaatay hain Allah un say paak (aur be niyaz) hai” (Al Moominoon: 91)
Waazeh ho keh koi aisi sifat jo ba’az haalaat mein Sifaat-e-Kamaal ho, Aur ba’az haalaat mein Sifat-e-Nuqs ho, Woh Allah Ta’alaa kay haq mein nah to mutlaq jaaiz hogi aur nah hi mutlaq mumtane’ hogi. Chunaachah nah to us ka Allah Ta’alaa kay haq mein mutlaqan isbaat jaaiz hai aur nah hi us ki mutlaqan nafi jaaiz hai. Balkeh is silsilay mein tafsayel ikhtiyar karni zarori hai aur woh yeh keh woh sifat jis surat mein Sifat-e-Kamaal hogi us surat mein usay Allah Ta’alaa kay liye saabit karna jaaiz ho ga aur jis surat mein woh Sifat-e-Nuqs hogi us surat mein us ka Allah Ta’alaa kay liye isbaat mumtane’ ho ga maslan: Sifat-e-Makr, kayd aur khadaa’a (dhookah) wagheirah. Yeh Sifaat us waqt Sifat-e-Kamaal qaraar paayein gi aur Allah Ta’alaa kay liye saabit ki jaayein gi jab in ka iste’amaal muqaablatan ho. Is say muraad yeh hai keh jab yeh Sifaat un logon kay muqaablay mein zikar hoon jo is qism ka ma’aamlah Allah Ta’alaa say rawaa rakhnay ki koshish kartay hain (maslan: Woh Allah Ta’alaa say makar, kayed ya khadaa’a ka ma’aamlah kartay hain, Allah Ta’alaa bhi un kay saath makar, kayed ya khadaa’a ka ma’aamlah farmaata hai) yeh is baat ki daleel hogi keh Allah Ta’alaa a’aajiz nahin hai, Balkeh apnay dushmanoon kay saath wesaa hi ma’aamlah balkeh us say bhi sakht karnay par Qaadir hai jesaa woh Allah Ta’alaa kay saath karnay ki koshish kartay hain.
Aur yeh Sifaat (Makar, khadaa’a wagheirah) agar Basurat-e-Muqaablah mazkoor nah hoon to phir yeh Sifaat-e-Nuqs hoon gi, Jin ka Allah Ta’alaa kay liye isbaat naa jaaiz ho ga.
Yahi wajah hai keh Allah Ta’alaa nay in Sifaat ko apnay liye a’alaa Sabeel-e-Al itlaaq zikar nahin farmaaya, Balkeh un logon kay muqaablay mein zikar farmaaya jo Us kay ya Us kay Rasool k saath is noo’a ka ma’aamlah rawaa rakhnay ki koshish kartay hain. Chunaachah darj zail Aayat-e-Kareemah Mulaahazah hoon:
“وَيَمۡكُرُوۡنَ وَيَمۡكُرُ اللّٰهُؕ وَاللّٰهُ خَيۡرُ الۡمٰكِرِيۡنَ ﴿۳۰﴾”
“Woh to apni tadbeerein kar rahay thay par Allah apni tadbeer kar raha tha aur sab say zayadah mustahkam tadbeer karnay waala Allah hai” (Al Anfaal: 30)
“اِنَّهُمۡ يَكِيۡدُوۡنَ كَيۡدًا ﴿۱۵﴾ وَّاَكِيۡدُ كَيۡدًا ﴿۱۶﴾”
“Albattah kafir daao ghaat mein hain. Aur Mein bhi aik chaal chal raha hoon” (Al Taariq: 15-16)
“وَالَّذِيۡنَ كَذَّبُوۡا بِاٰيٰتِنَا سَنَسۡتَدۡرِجُهُمۡ مِّنۡ حَيۡثُ لَا يَعۡلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۱۸۲﴾ وَاُمۡلِىۡ لَهُمۡ ؕ اِنَّ كَيۡدِىۡ مَتِيۡنٌ ﴿۱۸۳﴾”
“Aur jo log hamaari aayatoon ko jhutlaatay hain ham un ko batadreej liye jaa rahay hain is tour par keh unhein khabar bhi nahin. Aur in ko muhlat detaa hoon beshak meri tadbeer badi mazboot hai.”
(Al Aaraaf: 182-183)
“اِنَّ الۡمُنٰفِقِيۡنَ يُخٰدِعُوۡنَ اللّٰهَ وَهُوَ خَادِعُوْهُمۡ ۚ”
“Beshak munaafiq Allah Ta’alaa say chaal baaziyan kar rahay hain aur Woh unhein is chaal baazi ka badlah denay waala hai” (Al Nisaa: 142)
“قَالُوۡاۤ اِنَّا مَعَكُمۡۙ اِنَّمَا نَحۡنُ مُسۡتَهۡزِءُوۡنَ ﴿۱۴﴾ اَللّٰهُ يَسۡتَهۡزِئُ بِهِمۡ وَيَمُدُّهُمۡ فِىۡ طُغۡيَانِهِمۡ يَعۡمَهُوۡنَ ﴿۱۵﴾”
“kehtey hain ham to tumhaaray saath hain ham to un say sirf mazaaq kartay hain. Allah Ta’alaa bhi un say mazaaq karta hai.” (Al Baqarah: 14-15)
Waazeh ho keh aik sift (khayanat) hai, Allah Ta’alaa nay yeh nahin farmaaya keh Allah Ta’alaa un logon kay saath khayanat ka ma’aamlah karay ga jo Allah Ta’alaa kay saath khayanat ka ma’aamlah kartay hain, Balkeh yun farmaaya keh jo Allah Ta’alaa kay saath khayanat ka ma’aamlah kartay hain Allah unhein pakday ga.
❁ Mulaahazah ho Allah Ta’alaa ka farmaan:
“وَاِنۡ يُّرِيۡدُوۡا خِيَانَـتَكَ فَقَدۡ خَانُوا اللّٰهَ مِنۡ قَبۡلُ فَاَمۡكَنَ مِنۡهُمۡ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ عَلِيۡمٌ حَكِيۡمٌ ﴿۷۱﴾”
“Aur agar woh tujh say khayanat ka khayal karein gay to yeh is say pehlay khud Allah ki khayanat kar chukay hain aakhir is nay unhein giriftaar karaadiya, Allah Ta’alaa I’lm-o-Hikmat waala hai” (Al Anfaal: 71)
Is liye keh Sifat-e-Khayanat hameeshah Sifat-e-Nuqs hi rahay gi; Kiunkeh khayanat say muraad Maqaam-e-Amaanat mein dhookah karna hai. Yeh Sifat-e-Muzammat hai jis ka kisi bhi surat Allah Ta’alaa kay liye Itlaaq-o-Iste’amaal jaaiz nahin hai.
Is say ma’aloom huwaa keh ba’az A’ammat-ul-Naas ka yun kehnaa keh Allah Ta’alaa un logon kay saath khayanat ka ma’aamlah farmaata hai jo log Allah Ta’alaa kay saath khayanat kartay hain, Mahaz baatil, Qaabil-e-Inkar aur sareeh ghalat hai. Is say ruknaa aur rooknaa waajib hai.
✦ Dusraa Qaa’idah ✦
Sifaat-e-baari ta’alaa kay silsilay mein dusraa qaa’idah yeh hai keh Allah ta’alaa ki sifaat ka daairah, Allah ta’alaa kay asmaa kay daairay say wasaye’ hai, Kiunkeh Allah Ta’alaa ka har naam kisi sifat kay ziman par mushtamil hota hai jesaa keh asmaa kay silsilah mein qaa’idah number (2) mein bayan ho chuka hai.
Is kay ilaawah bhi bohot si sifaat hain jo Allah ta’alaa kay afa’aal say muta’aalliq hain aur us kay af’aal ki koi intehaa nahin hai. Isi tarah us kay aqwaal ki bhi koi intehaa nahin hai (lehaaza sifaat ka baab Asmaa kay baab mein Kahein zayadah wasaye’ hai) Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“وَلَوۡ اَنَّ مَا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ مِنۡ شَجَرَةٍ اَقۡلَامٌ وَّالۡبَحۡرُ يَمُدُّهٗ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِهٖ سَبۡعَةُ اَبۡحُرٍ مَّا نَفِدَتۡ كَلِمٰتُ اللّٰهِؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَزِيۡزٌ حَكِيۡمٌ ﴿۲۷﴾”
“Roy zameen kay (tamaam) darakhtoon ki agar qalmein ho jaayein aur tamaam samandaroon ki siyahi ho aur in kay ba’ad saat samandar aur hoon taaham Allah kay kalimaat khatam nahin ho saktay, Beshak Allah Ta’alaa ghaalib aur baahikmat hai” (Luqmaan: 27)
Aur misaal kay tour par Allah Ta’alaa ki sifat “المجىء” aur “الأتيان” jo aanay kay ma’anay mein iste’amaal hoti hain. Isi tarah sifat-e- “الأخذ” wa “الإمساك” wa “البطش” jo pakadnay kay ma’anay mein iste’amaal hoti hai. Yeh sab Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat saabit hain aur is jesi aur itni Sifaat hain keh unhein shamaar nahin kiya jaa sakta yeh Sifaat Qur’an-o-Hadith mein Mulaahazah hoon:
❁ Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“وَّجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَالۡمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا ﴿۲۲﴾”
“Tera Rabb khud aajay ga” (Al Fajr: 22)
❁ Aur farmaaya:
“هَلۡ يَنۡظُرُوۡنَ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ يَّاۡتِيَهُمُ اللّٰهُ فِىۡ ظُلَلٍ مِّنَ الۡغَمَامِ”
“Kya logon ko is baat ka intizaar hai keh un kay paas khud Allah Ta’alaa abar kay saaibaanon mein aajay” (Al Baqarah: 21)
❁ Aur farmaaya:
“فَاَخَذَهُمُ اللّٰهُ بِذُنُوۡبِهِمۡؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ قَوِىٌّ شَدِيۡدُ الۡعِقَابِ”
“Allah nay un kay gunaahoon kay baa’is unhein pakad liya” (Al Anfaal: 52)
❁ Aur farmaaya:
“وَيُمۡسِكُ السَّمَآءَ اَنۡ تَقَعَ عَلَى الۡاَرۡضِ اِلَّا بِاِذۡنِهٖ ؕ”
“Wahi asmaan ko thamay huway hai keh zameen par us ki ijaazat kay baghair gir nah paday.” (Al Hajj: 65)
❁ Aur farmaaya:
“اِنَّ بَطۡشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيۡدٌ ﴿۱۲﴾”
“Yaqeenan teray Rabb ki pakad badi sakht hai” (Al Burooj: 12)
Aur farmaaya:
“يُرِيۡدُ اللّٰهُ بِکُمُ الۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيۡدُ بِکُمُ الۡعُسۡرَ”
“Allah Ta’alaa ka iraadah tumhaaray saath aasaani ka hai, Sakhti ka nahin.” (Al Baqarah: 185)
❁ Aur Nabi (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) nay farmaaya:
“وینزل ربنا الی السماء الدنیا”
“Aur hamaara Rabb Aasmaan-e-Dunya par nuzool farmaata hai” (Bukharo-o-Muslim)
Ham in tamaam Sifaat ko, Jis tarah keh waarid huwi hain, Allah Ta’alaa kay liye saabit kartay hain, Lekin unhein Allah Ta’alaa kay naam nahin banaatay. Chunaachah in Sifaat ko saamnay rakh kay yeh kehnaa naajaiz hai keh Allah Ta’alaa ka naam “الجائی” ya “الآتی” ya “الآخذ” ya “الممسک” ya “الباطش” “المرید” “النازل” hain. Yeh tamaam cheezein Allah Ta’alaa ki taraf say bayan ki jaa sakti hain, Aur in tamaam afa’aal ki Allah Ta’alaa ki taraf nisbat ki jaa sakti hai.
✦ Teesraa Qaa’idah ✦
✦ Sifaat-e-Baari Ta’alaa Ki do Qismein Hain: Subootiyah Aur Salbiyah
Sifaat-e-Subootiyah woh hain jinhein Allah Ta’alaa nay apni kitaab mein ya apnay Rasool (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) ki zubaan say bayan farmaa diya. Yeh tamaam Sifaat, Sifaat-e-Kamaal hain, Jin mein kisi tarah ka koi nuqs nahin hai jesay:
“الحياة”, “العلم”, “القدرة”, “الاستواء على العرش”, “النزول الى السماء”
(ya’ani asmaan ki taraf nuzool farmaana) “الوجه” (ya’ani: Chehrah) “اليدين” (ya’ani: Do haath) wagheirah.
➤ In Sifaat ko Allah Ta’alaa kay liye saabit karna waajib hai, Aisi Surat-o-Kaifiyat kay saath jo Allah Subhaanah Wa Ta’alaa kay laaiq hai, Aur us par Aqli-o-Naqli daleel mujood hai.
❁ Naqli daleel Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
يٰۤاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اٰمِنُوۡا بِاللّٰهِ وَرَسُوۡلِهٖ وَالۡكِتٰبِ الَّذِىۡ نَزَّلَ عَلٰى رَسُوۡلِهٖ وَالۡكِتٰبِ الَّذِىۡۤ اَنۡزَلَ مِنۡ قَبۡلُؕ وَمَنۡ يَّكۡفُرۡ بِاللّٰهِ وَمَلٰٓئِكَتِهٖ وَكُتُبِهٖ وَرُسُلِهٖ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ ضَلٰلًاۢ بَعِيۡدًا ﴿۱۳۶﴾
“Aey Imaan waalo! Allah Ta’alaa par, Us kay Rasool (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) par aur Us ki kitaab par jo us nay apnay Rasool (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) pe utaari hai aur un kitaaboon par jo is say pehlay us nay naazil farmaai hain, Imaan laao! Jo shakhs Allah Ta’alaa say aur us kay farishtoon say aur us ki kitaaboon say aur us kay Rasooloon say aur qayamat kay din say kufr karay woh to bohot badi dur ki gumraahi mein jaa giraa” (Al Nisaa: 136)
➤ Is Aayat-e-Kareemah mein Allah Ta’alaa par Imaan laanay ka hukum hai, Aur Allah Ta’alaa par Imaan, Us ki tamaam Sifaat par Imaan laanay ko Mutazammin-o-Mushtamil hai. Neez kitaab, Jo keh Rasool par naazil huwi, Par Imaan laana, Allah Ta’alaa ki un tamaam Sifaat par Imaan laanay ko mutazammin hai jo is kitaabein bayan huwen.
➤ Aur Muhammad Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) par Imaan laanay kay zimn mein har us cheez ko qubool karna aaye ga jo Aap (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) nay apnay bhejnay waalay kay baaray mein bataai, aur woh Allah Rabb-ul-I’zzat ki zaat hai.
➤ Aqli daleel yeh hai keh Allah Ta’alaa nay apni zaat ko in tamaam Sifaat say muttasif honay ki khabar di, Aur Woh Apnay Aap ko dusroon say zayadah jaantaa hai aur sab say sachchi aur sab say khoobsurat baat kehnay waala hai. Lehaaza Allah Ta’alaa nay apni Zaat-o-Sifaat kay baaray mein jo bhi khabar di, Us ka bilaa taraddud Iqraar-o-Isbaat waajib hai; Kiunkeh kisi bhi khabar mein taraddud to usi waqt mumkin hota hai jab woh khabar aisay shakhs say saadir ho jis ka jaahil hona ya jhootaa hona mumkin ho, Ya phir woh aisaa a’aajiz ho keh usay apnay maa fil zameer ko sahih tareeqay say bayan karnay par qudrat nah ho aur yeh teeno a’aib Allah Ta’alaa kay haq mein Mumtane’-o-Mahaal hain, Lehaaza Allah Ta’alaa ki har khabar qubool karna waajib hai.
➤ Aur isi tarah Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) nay Allah Ta’alaa kay muta’aalliq jo bhi khabar di usay b’eainihi usi tarah qubool karna waajib hai; Kiunkeh Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) sab say zayadah apnay parwardigar ko jaannay waalay, Sab say zayadah sachchi khabar denay waalay, Sab say badh kar khair khuwaahi rakhnay waalay aur sab say baday Fasayeh-ul-Bayan thay.
❁ Sifaat-e-Salbiyah, woh Sifaat hain jin ki Allah Ta’alaa nay apni zaat say nafi farmaa di, Is nafi ka zikar Kitaabullah mein ya Sunnat-e-Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) mein mujood hai. Yeh yamaam Sifaat Allah Ta’alaa kay haq mein Sifaat-e-Nuqs hain, Maslan: Mout, Neend, Jahal, Nisyan, I’jz, Ta’ab (thakawat) wagheirah.
➤ In tamaam Sifaat ki Allah Ta’alaa say nafi karna zarori hai aur woh is tarah keh jo in ki zidd hai, Un ka Allah Ta’alaa kay liye Kamil-o-Akmal tareeqah say saabit honay ka Imaan rakha jay, Aur is ki wajah yeh hai keh Allah Ta’alaa nay apni zaat say jis sifat ki nafi farmaai, Us say muraad us sifat kay mutanaffi honay ka bayan hai, Is liye keh us sifat ki zidd Allah Ta’alaa kay liye Batreeq-e-Kamil saabit hai.
➤ Waazeh ho keh Allah Ta’alaa nay apni zaat say agar kisi sifat ki nafi farmaai to is say mujarrad nafi muraad nahin hai; Kiunkeh kisi sifat ki khali nafi kar denaa kamaal nahin hai, Kamaal tab ho ga jab us nafi kay zimn mein aesi haqeeqat ho jo kamaal par dalaalat kar rahi ho…. Mujarrad nafi to a’adam hai aur a’adam to laa shay hai cheh jaykeh kisi kamaal par qaaim ho, Phir ba’az auqaat kisi say kisi sifat ki nafi is liye bhi ki jaati hai keh us cheez mein us sifat kay rakhnay ki Qaabliyat-o-Salaahiyat nahin hoti. Maslan: Agar aap yun kahein: Deewaar zulum nahin karti to yeh nafi dewaar kay liye kisi kamaal ka baa’is nahin hai. Ba’az auqaat kisi shakhs say kisi sifat ki nafi is liye bhi ki jaati hai keh woh shakhs us sifat kay rakhnay say a’ajiz hai, To yeh us shakhs kay haq mein nuqs ho ga, Jesay kisi shaa’ir nay kaha:
قبيلتهم لايغدرون بذمة ولا يظلمون الناس حبة خردل
“In ka qabeelah kisi ahad mein ghadar nahin karta aur nah hi logon par aik raai kay daanay kay baraabar zulum karta hai”
➤ Is qabeelay say ghadar ya zulum ki nafi is liye ki keh un mein itni Himmat-o-Jurrat hi nahin keh woh yeh kam kar sakein to yeh nafi un kay haq mein nuqs hi zaahir kar rahi hai nah keh un ki ta’areef.
Aik aur shaa’ir nay kaha:
لكن قومى وان كانو ذوى عدد ليسوا من الشر فى شئ وان هانا
“Lekin meri qoum agarcheh woh ta’adaad mein achchi khaasi hai, Magar ladnay mein kuch bhi nahin, huwaah ladaai choti Kiun nah ho” Yahaan bhi is qoum say ladaai ki nafi un ki ta’areef par dalaalat nahin kar rahi balkeh shaa’ir ka kehnaa yeh hai keh un mein ladnay ki Himaat-o-Taaqat hi nahin hai. To goya yeh nafii un kay haq mein nuqs hai jo un ki kamzori par dalaalat kar rahi hai.
❁ (Beherhaal Allah Ta’alaa say kisi sifat ki nafi ka maana tab hi mukammal ho ga jab us manfi sifat ki zidd Batareeq-e-Kamaal us kay liye saabit ki jay)
Is ki misaal Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan hai:
“وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى الۡحَـىِّ الَّذِىۡ لَا يَمُوۡتُ
“Us hameesha zindah Allah Ta’alaa par tawakkal karein jisay kabhi mout nahin.” (Al Furqaan: 58)
Is Aayat-e-Kareemah mein Allah Ta’alaa say mout ki nafi hai lekin is tarah keh is ki zidd ya’ani (hayat) Us Zaat-e-Wahdahu Laa Shareaika Lahu Kay liye saabit hai…. To mout ki nafi is liye hai keh Woh Kamaal-e-Hayat ki sifat say muttasif hai.
❁ Aik aur misaal: Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“وَ لَا يَظۡلِمُ رَبُّكَ اَحَدًا ﴿۴۹﴾”
“Tera Rabb kisi par Zulm-o-Sitam nahin karay ga” (Al Kahaf: 49)
Yahaan to Allah Ta’alaa say Sifat-e-Zulum ki nafi hai, Aur yeh nafi is liye hai keh Woh Zaat, Zulum ki zidd ya’ani Kamaal-e-A’adal ki sifat say muttasif hai.
✯ Teesri misaal: Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُعۡجِزَهٗ مِنۡ شَىۡءٍ فِى السَّمٰوٰتِ وَلَا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ ؕ”
“Allah aisaa nahin hai keh koi cheez us ko haraa day nah aasmaanon mein aur nah zameen mein.”
(Al Faatir: 44)
Yahaan Allah Ta’alaa say Sifat-e-I’jz ki nafi hai, Is liye keh Woh zaat ij’z ki zidd ya’ani Kamaal-e-I’lm aur Kamaal-e-Wudrat ki sifat say muttasif hai.
❁ Is liye aayat kay aakhir mein farmaaya:
“اِنَّهٗ كَانَ عَلِيۡمًا قَدِيۡرًا ﴿۴۴﴾”
“Woh baday i’lm waala badi qudrat waala hai.” (Al Faatir: 44)
Kiunkeh I’jz ka sabab ya to yeh hota hai keh bandah Asbaab-e-Aijaad say naa waaqif hota hai ya asbaab say to aagah hota hai Qudrat-e-Aijaad nahin paata. Magar Allah Ta’alaa to Kamaal-e-I’lm aur Kamaal-e-Qudrat ki Sifaat say muttasif hai, Lehaazaa usay Aasmaan-o-Zameen ki koi cheez a’aajiz nahin kar sakti.
✦ Choutha Qaa’idah ✦
❁ Sifaat-e-Subootiyah, Sifaat-e-Madah-o-Kamaal Hain”
Sifaat-e-Subootiyah, Sifaat-e-Madah-o-Kamaal hain. Yeh Sifaat jis qadar zayadah hoon gi aur un ki dalaalat mein jis qadar tanawwu’ ho ga us qadr in Sifaat kay musoof ka kamaal zaahir ho ga, Yahi wajah hai keh Allah Ta’alaa nay apni zaat kay baaray mein jin Sifaat-e-Subootiyah ki khabar di hai woh Sifaat-e-Salbiyah say Kahein zayadah hain, Qur’an-o-Hadith ka i’lm rakhnay waaloon ko yeh baat bakhoobi ma’aloom hai.
Sifaat-e-Subootiyah ka zikar to jaa bajaa miltaa hai magar Sifaat-e-Salbiyah ka zikar ghaaliban mundarjah zail ahwaal mein kiya jaata hai.
1: Jahaan Allah Ta’alaa kay U’moom-e-Kamaal ka zikar maqsood ho, Jesay Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“ لَيۡسَ كَمِثۡلِهٖ شَىۡءٌ”
“Us jesi koi cheez nahin” (Al Shuaraa: 11)
❁ Aur yeh farmaan:
“وَلَمۡ يَكُنۡ لَّهٗ كُفُوًا اَحَدٌ ﴿۴﴾”
“Nah Us ka koi hamsar hai” (Al Ikhlaas: 4)
2: Sifaat-e-Salbiyah kay zikar ka dusraa maqaam yeh hai keh jhootay log Allah Ta’alaa kay haq mein jo ghalat baatein mansoob kartay hain un ki nafi maqsood ho jesay Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“اَنۡ دَعَوۡا لِـلرَّحۡمٰنِ وَلَدًا ﴿۹۱﴾وَمَا يَنۡۢبَـغِىۡ لِلرَّحۡمٰنِ اَنۡ يَّتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا ﴿۹۲﴾”
“Keh woh Rahmaan ki aulaad saabit karnay beithein. Shaan-e-Rahmaan kay laaiq nahin kay Woh aulaad rakhay” (Maryam: 91-92)
3: Sifaat-e-Salbiyah kay zikar ka teesraa maqaam yeh hai keh kisi Amar-e-Mu’ayyan kay ta’alluq say Allah Ta’alaa kay kamaal mein kisi qissm kay nuqs ka waham paidaa ho raha ho to us waham kay Dafa’a-o-Izaalah kay liye Sifat-e-Salbiyah zikar ki jaati hai jesay Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“وَمَا خَلَقۡنَا السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضَ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا لٰعِبِيۡنَ ﴿۳۸﴾”
“Ham nay Zameen-o-Aasmaan aur is kay darmiyan ki cheezoon ko kheel kay tour par paidaa nahin kiya” (Al Dukhan: 38)
❁ Neez Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“وَلَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضَ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا فِىۡ سِتَّةِ اَيَّامٍۖ وَّمَا مَسَّنَا مِنۡ لُّغُوۡبٍ ﴿۳۸﴾”
“Ham nay asmaan aur zameen aur jo kuch is kay darmiyan hai sab ko (sirf) 6 din mein paidaa kiya aur hamein thakan nay chuwaa tak nahin” (Qaaf: 38)
✦ Paanchwaan Qaa’idah ✦
✦ Allah Ta’alaa Ki Sifaat-e-Subootiyah Ki do Qismein Hain:
(1) Sifaat-e-Zaatiyah (2) Sifaat-e-Failiyah”
✯ Sifaat-e-Zaatiyah: Woh Sifaat hain jin kay saath Allah Ta’alaa hameeshah say muttasif hai, Aur hameeshah muttasif rahay ga. Jesay “العلم،القدرۃ،السمع،البصر،العزۃ،الحکمة،العلو،العظمة” In mein say kuch Sifaat-e-Khabriyah hain, Jesay “ “الوجه” (Chehrah) اليدين”” (Haath) “العینین” (Aankhein)”
✯ Sifaat-e-Fa’iliyah: Woh Sifaat hain jin ka ta’alluq Allah Ta’alaa ki Masheeat-o-Shaahat say hai. Chaahey Woh karay ya aur chaahay nah karay. Maslan: “A’rsh par mustawi hona ya Aasmaan-e-Dunya par nuzool farmaana”
Allah Ta’alaa ki ba’az Sifaat aisi hain jo zaati bhi ho sakti hain aur fa’ili bhi, Maslan: Sifat-e-Kalaam: Yeh sifat baa A’itbaar-e-Asal Sifat-e-Zaatiyah hai; Kiunkeh Allah Ta’alaa hameeshah say mutakallim hai, Aur hameeshah mutakallim rahay ga, Lekin kisi kalaam kay karnay ya nah karnay kay a’itbaar say yeh Sifat-e-Fa’iliyah hai; Kiunkeh Allah Ta’alaa ka kalaam farmaana us ki masheeat kay taabe’ hai, Jab chaahay, Jo chaahay kalaam farmaa lay (is lehaaz say Sifat-e-Failiyah huwi) Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan hai:
“اِنَّمَاۤ اَمۡرُهٗۤ اِذَاۤ اَرَادَ شَیْــٴً۬ــا اَنۡ يَّقُوۡلَ لَهٗ كُنۡ فَيَكُوۡنُ ﴿۸۲﴾”
“Woh jab kabhi kisi cheez ka iraadah karta hai usay itnaa farmaa denaa (kafi hai) keh ho jaa, Woh usi waqt ho jaati hai” (Yasayen: 82)
Allah Ta’alaa ki har woh sifat jis ka ta’alluq Us ki masheeat say hai woh Allah Ta’alaa ki hikmat kay taabe’ hai, Yeh hikmat kabhi to ma’aloom hoti hai, Aur kabhi ham is Ma’arifat-o-Idraak say a’aajiz hotay hain, Albattah kamil yaqeen ki hadd tak yeh i’lm zaroor hota hai keh Allah Ta’alaa ka kisi cheez ki masheeat farmaana us ki hikmat kay a’ain mutaabiq hota hai. Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan isi nuktah ki taraf ishaarah kar raha hai:
“وَمَا تَشَآءُوۡنَ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ يَّشَآءَ اللّٰهُ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِيۡمًا حَكِيۡمًا ”
“Aur tum nah chaaho gay magar yeh keh Allah Ta’alaa hi chaahay, beshak Allah Ta’alaa i’lm waala baa hikmat hai” (Al Dahar/Insaan: 30)
✦ Chataa Qaa’idah ✦
❁ Allah Ta’alaa Ki Sifaat Kay Isbaat Kay Silsilah Mein Do Intehaai Khatarnaak A’itaqaadi Gunaahoon Say Bachnaa Zarori Hai. (1) Tamsayel (2) Takyeef”
• Tamsayel: say muraad banday ka yeh a’itaqaad hai keh Allah Ta’alaa kay liye jo Sifaat saabit hain woh makhlooqaat ki Sifaat kay mumaasil hain. Yeh a’qeedag Badaleel-e-Naql-o-Aqal baatil hai.
❁ Naqli Daleel: Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“ لَيۡسَ كَمِثۡلِهٖ شَىۡءٌ”
“Us jesi koi shay nahin.” (Al Shoora: 11)
❁ Neez Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“اَفَمَنۡ يَّخۡلُقُ كَمَنۡ لَّا يَخۡلُقُؕ اَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُوۡنَ ﴿۱۷﴾”
“To kya Woh jo paidaa karta hai us jesaa hai jo paidaa nahin kar sakta? Kya tum bilkul nahin sochtay”
(Al Nahal: 17)
❁ Neez Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“ هَلۡ تَعۡلَمُ لَهٗ سَمِيًّا”
“Kya teray il’m mein Us ka hamnaam hampallah aur bhi hai?” (Maryam: 65)
❁ Neez Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“وَلَمۡ يَكُنۡ لَّهٗ كُفُوًا اَحَدٌ ﴿۴﴾”
“Aur nah koi Us ka hamsar hai” (Ikhlaas: 4)
❁ Aqli Daleel: Aqli daleel kai wujooh say hai.
• Pehli wajah: yeh hai keh Bidaahatan-o-Zarooratatan yeh baat ma’aloom hai keh Khaaliq-o-Makhlooq ki zaat mein badaa faraq aur tabaayun hai aur zaat ka yeh farq Sifaat kay farq ko mustalzam hai. Kiunkeh sifat hameeshah musoof kay Laaiq-e-Shaan hoti hai. Sifaat ka yeh farq Mukhtalif-ul-Zaat makhlooqaat mein numaayan nazar aata hai, Chunaachah aik ount ki quwwat aik chiuonti ki quwwat say mukhtalif hai…..To jab mukhtalif makhlooqaaat Sifaat kay lehaaz say aapas mein farq rakhti hain haalaan keh Mumkin-ul-Wujood aur haadith honay mein sab mushtarik hain to phir Khaaliq aur makhlooq ki sifat mein paaya jaanay waalal farq kitnaa waazeh aur qawi ho ga.
• Dusri Wajah: Yeh keh woh jo pori kainaat ka khaaliq hai aur tamaam wujooh say Kamil-o-Akmal hai apni Sifaat mein us makhlooq kay mushaabeh kesay ho sakta hai, Jo us ki marboob hai. Mahaz naaqis hai aur apni takmeel mein us ki mohtaaj hai Mushaabehat ka a’aqeedah Khaaliq-e-Kainaat kay haq mein tanqees kay mutaraadif ho ga; Kiunkeh kamil ko naaqis say tashbeeh denaa, Us kamil ko naaqis qaraar denaa hai.
• Teesri Wajah: Yeh hai keh ham mukhtalif makhlooqaat ki ba’az aisi Sifaat ka mushaahadah kartay hain jo naam ki hadd tak muttafiq hoti hai magar un ki Haqeeqat-o-Kaifiyat mein badaa farq hota hai. Maslan: Insaan ka bhi haath hai aur haathi ka bhi haath hai, Lekin insaan ka haath haathi kay haath jesaa nahin hai. Insaan ki Quwwat-o-Taaqat ount ki quwwat jesi nahin hai. Haalaankeh naam aik hi hai, Yeh bhi haath hai aur woh bhi haath hai yeh bhi quwwat hai aur woh bhi quwwat hai. Magar donon ki kaifiyat aur wasf mein badaa farq hai. Jis say ma’aloom huwa keh naam kay aik honay say haqeeqat aik nahin ho jaati.
Waazeh ho keh Tamsayel ka jo ma’ana ham nay bayan kiya, Usi maana mein lafz tashbeeh bhi iste’amaal hota hai, Lekin ba’az U’lamaa nay donon lafzoon mein farq bayan kiya hai. Un kay nazdeek Tamsayel say muraad tamaam Sifaat mein baraabari paidaa karna, Jabkeh tashbeeh say muraad aksar Sifaat mein baraabari paidaa karna hai.
Lekin Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat kay baab mein Nafi-e-Tamsayel ki ta’abeer zayadah behtar hai taakeh Qur’an Hakeem ki muwaafaqat haasil ho jay ya’ani fi Qaulihi Ta’alaa: “لَيۡسَ كَمِثۡلِهٖ شَىۡءٌ ۚ”
• Takyeef: Say muraad Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ki kaifiyat bayan karna, Ya’ani banday ka yeh a’aqeedah rakhna keh Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ki kaifiyat is tarah aur is tarah hai. Is kaifiyat ko kisi mumaasil kay saath muqayyad nah karay (Kiunkeh mumaasil kay saath muqayyad karna Tamsayel kehlata hai)
Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat kay silsilah mein kaifiyat bayan karnay ka a’aqeedah bhi Badaleel-e-Naql-o-Aqal baatil hai.
❁ Naqli Daleel: Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“ وَلَا يُحِيۡطُوۡنَ بِهٖ عِلۡمًا”
“makhlooq ka i’lm Us par haawi nahin ho sakta” (Taaha: 110)
❁ Neez Allah Ta’alaa ka yeh farmaan:
“وَلَا تَقۡفُ مَا لَـيۡسَ لَـكَ بِهٖ عِلۡمٌ ؕ اِنَّ السَّمۡعَ وَالۡبَصَرَ وَالۡفُؤَادَ كُلُّ اُولٰۤئِكَ كَانَ عَنۡهُ مَسۡئُوۡلًا ﴿۳۶﴾”
“Jis baat ki tujhay khabar hi nah ho us kay peechay mat pad. Kiunkeh kan aur aankh aur dil in mein say har aik say pooch guch ki jaanay waali hai” (Al Israa: 36)
Baat ma’aloom hai keh hamaray paas Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ki kaifiyat ka koi i’lm nahin hai, Kiunkeh Allah Ta’alaa nay hamein apni Sifaat ki khabar to di hai, Lekin Sifaat ki kaifiyat nahin batlaai, Lehaaza hamaara apni taraf say kaifiyat bayan karna aik aisi bay maqsad guftugoo qaraar paaye ga jis ka nah to hamein i’lm hai aur nah hi hamaray liye us ka ihaatah mumkin hai.
• Aqli Daleel: Yeh hai keh aik shay ki Sifaat ki kaifiyat ki ma’arfat tab hi mumkin ho sakti hai jab us ki zaat ki kaifiyat ka i’lm ho ya Us zaat ki kaifiyat ka i’lm to nah ho lekin Us ki kisi ham Misal-o-Masaawi shay ka i’lm ho, Aur ya phir kisi Khabar-e-Saadiq kay zaryi’e woh kaifiyat bata di jay, Aur Allah Ta’alaa kay Sifaat ki kaifiyat kay baaray mein yeh saaray turuq muntafi hain, Lehaaza in Sifaat ki kaifiyat bayan karnay ka a’aqeedah Qata’aan-o-Hatman baatil ho gaya.
Phir ham pochtay hain keh tum Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ki kis kaifiyat ko zehan mein bithao gay??? Sachchi baat yeh hai keh Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ki jo bhi kaifiyat tumhaaray zehan mein ho, Allah Ta’alaa us say Kahein zayadah badaa aur A’azmat-o-Jalaalat waala hai. To phir laa mahaalah jo kaifiyat apnay zehan mein laao gay tum us mein jhootay ho gay, Kiunkeh tumhaaray paas kaifiyat ka koi i’lm nahin hai, Lehaaza zarori hai keh bandah Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ki takyeef say yaksar baaz aajay, Nah us ki kaifiyat ka dil mein tasawwur laay, Nah zubaan say bayan karay, Nah qalam say tahreer karay.
Yahi wajah hai keh Imaam Maalik (رحمه اللّٰه) say poochaa gaya keh Allah Ta’alaa kay استواء علی العرش ki kaifiyat kya hai? To (Allah Ta’alaa aap par raham farmaay) aap nay apna sar jhuka liya aur pasayenay mein sharaaboaur ho gay, Phir farmaaya: “Allah Ta’alaa ka استواء علی العرش ma’aloom hai, Lekin kaifiyat ma’aloom nahin, Is par Imaan laana waajib hai aur kaifiyat ka sawaal karna bida’at hai (Is asar ko Imaam Beihiqi nay Al Asmaa Wal Sifaat (2/151) aur Imaam Laalkai nay Sharah Usool-e-A’itaqaad-e-Ahl-e-Sunnah (2/398) aur Imaam Zahabi nay “Al U’luw” mein zikr farmaaya hai, Sheikh-ul-Islaam nay sahih aur saabit kaha hai, Sheikh Al Baani nay mukhtasar Al U’luw mein sahih likha hai) Imaam Maalik (رحمه اللّٰه) kay Sheikh Rabee’ say bhi isi tarah ka qaul manqool hai ya’ani: استواء علی العرش ma’aloom hai aur kaifiyat ghair ma’aloom hai.
To jab Sifaat ki kefiyat shariat nay bayan nahi ki, Aur hamari aqal mein bhi yeh kefiyat nahin aa sakti to phir Takyeef-e-Sifaat say gureez zarori ho gaya. Lehaaza kaifiyat bayan karnay, Ya is qism ki koi bhi koshish karnay say bacho. Aur achchi tarah say bacho. Aur jaan lo keh agar tum nay aisaa karnay ki koshish ki to aik aisay khatarnaak sayhraa mein daakhil ho jaao gay jis say khulaasi aur chutkaray ka koi imkan nahin rahay ga. Aur agar kabhi Kaifiyat-e-Sifaat ka koi khayal dil mein paidaa ho to samajh jaao keh shaitaan apna waar karnay ki koshish kar raha hai, Fauran apnay Rabb ki taraf Mutawajjah-o-Laachaar ho jaao keh Woh tumhaaraa Markaz-e-Panaah hai, Aur is kay ba’ad wahi kuch kartay jaao jo Allah Ta’alaa hukum day keh woh behtreen tabeeb hai.
❁ Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“وَاِمَّا يَنۡزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيۡطٰنِ نَزۡغٌ فَاسۡتَعِذۡ بِاللّٰهِؕ اِنَّهٗ هُوَ السَّمِيۡعُ الۡعَلِيۡمُ ﴿۳۶﴾”
“Aur agar shaitaan ki taraf say koi waswasah aay to Allah say panaah talab karoo. Yaqeenan woh bohot hi sunnay waala hai” (Haa Meem Sajdah/Fussilat: 36)
✦ Saatwaan Qaa’idah ✦
✦ Allah Ta’alaa Ki Tamaam Sifaat Tauqeefi Hain, Jin Kay Isbaat Mein Aqal ko koi Dakhal Haasil Nahin
Lehaaza ham Allah Ta’alaa kay liye sirf un Sifaat ko saabit karein gay jin kay isbaat par Kitaab-o-Sunnat ki daleel mujood ho.
Allah Ta’alaa ki sirf wahi sifat bayan ki jay gi jo Allah Ta’alaa nay apnay liye bayan farmaa di, Ya Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) nay bayan farmaa di, Is silsilay mein Qur’an-o-Hadith say tajaawuz jaaiz nahin ho ga. (Asmaa kay silsilay mein qaa’idah number [5] dekhiye)
❁ Waazeh ho keh Allah Ta’alaa ki kisi bhi sifat kay isbaat kay liye Qur’an-o-Hadith mein teen sortein hain.
1: Allah Ta’alaa ki sifat saraahat kay saath bayan ho. Maslan: Sifat-e- “العزة،الرحمة،البطش،الوجه” aur “اليدين” wagheirah
2: Dusraa tareeqah yeh keh Allah Ta’alaa kay asmaa mazkoor hoon, Un asmaa kay zimn mein Allah Ta’alaa ki sifat hoti hai. Maslan: “الغفور” Allah Ta’alaa ka ism hai aur is kay zimn mein Sifat-e-Maghfirat hai. “السميع” Allah Ta’alaa ka ism hai aur us kay zimn mein Sifat-e-Sama’a hai. (Is silsilah mein asmaa ka qaa’idah number [3] dekhiye)
3: Teesraa tareeqah yeh hai keh Allah Ta’alaa ka koi fa’il ya wasf mazkoor ho jo Allah Ta’alaa ki sifat par dalaalat karta ho. Maslan: Allah Ta’alaa ka استواء علی العرش ya Allah Ta’alaa ka Aasmaan-e-Dunya ki taraf nuzool farmaana ya Allah Ta’alaa ka mujrimeen say inteiqaam lenaa.
Allah Ta’alaa kay mazkoorah tamaam Afa’aal-o-Sifaat bil tarteeb darj zail nusoos say saabit ho rahay hain (Aur yeh tamaam Afa’aal-o-Sifaat Allah Ta’alaa ki Sifaat ko mutazammin hain)
“اَلرَّحۡمٰنُ عَلَى الۡعَرۡشِ اسۡتَوٰى ﴿۵﴾”
“Jo Rahmaan hai, A’arsh par qaaim hai” (Taaha: 5)
❁ Rasoolullah (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) nay farmaaya:
“ینزل ربنا الی السماء الدنيا”
“Hamaara Rabb Aasmaan-e-Dunya ki taraf nuzool farmaata hai”
❁ Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“وَّجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَالۡمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا ﴿۲۲﴾”
“Tera Rabb (khud) aajay ga aur farishtay safein baandh kar (aa jaayein gay) (Al Fajar: 22)
❁ Allah Ta’alaa nay farmaaya:
“ ؕ اِنَّا مِنَ الۡمُجۡرِمِيۡنَ مُنۡتَقِمُوۡنَ ﴿۲۲﴾”
“Yaqeen maano keh ham bhi gunahgaroon say inteqaam lenay waalay hain” (Al Sajdah: 22)
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “Qawaid ul Muthla” / Tawheed-e-Asma-o-Sifaat
Taleef: Fazilatus Shaikh Uthaymeen Rahimahullah.
Mutarjim/ Taqdeem : Allamah Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah.