AL-Imam AL-HAFIZ IBN HAJAR (رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) :

AL-Imam AL-HAFIZ IBN HAJAR (رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) KA TA’ARUF: 

Naam-o-nasab, Kuniyat, Laqab, Nisbat aur Fiqhi Madhab

Imam Ibn Hajar (رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) ka poora naam “Ahmad bin Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Ahmad” hai.

Mausoof ki kuniyat Abu Al Fadhal, Laqab hafiz aur Sheikhul Islam aur Nisbat Kinani, Asqalani, Misri aur Qahiri hai.

Madhab mein Imam Shafi’i(رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) ke pairokaar they. Ibn Hajar ke naam se shohrat payi jo in ke baap dadaaon mein se kisi ka laqab tha.

Khaandan

Imam mausoof ka khandaan Asqalani se talluq rakhta hai jo bahr-e-Rome ke saahil par abaad Filisteen ka ek bada sheher hai jo salaibi jangon ke dauran ek azeem fauji chhawni bhi raha hai.

Wilaadat

Imam mausoof ki wiladat 12 sha’ban , 773 Hijri mein Misr ke mashhoor Ilmi sheher Qahirah mein hui. Mausuf abhi 4 saal ke nanhe bachche hi the ke 777 Hijri mein waalid Maajid ka saaya sar se uth gaya. Chunaache mausuf ne waalid Maajid ke wasi ke zer saaye apna yateemi ka bachpan guzaara.

Parwarish aur taleem-o-tarbiyat

Waalid ki wafat ke ek saal baad paanch saal ki umar mein mausuf ko maktab mein baithakar inki baqaida taleem ka aghaaz kardiya gaya. Bachpan se hi zahanat wa zakawat ke aasaar Imam mausuf ki paishani par darkhashandah nazar aate they. Quwwat-e’haafize ka aalam yeh tha ke Surah Maryam ko ek hi din mein Hifz kar liya. ”Al Hawiy al sagheer “ko do martaba hifz kiya. Ek martaba tasaheeh karke aur doosri martaba yaad karke, phir teesri martaba isko suna diya.

Nau saal ki nihayat kam Umar mein poora Qur’an kareem yaad karliya. Phir “العمدۃ’ aur Iraqi ki “الفیۃ الحدیث” azbar ki. Inke saath saath deegar aham kutub ko bhi dil ke saheefe par “naksh kal hijr” karliya, jaise Ilm usool mein ibn Hajib  ki “Al Mukhtasar” aur “Al Malhamah” waghairah.

Mashayekh se talluq, Ilmi shaghaf aur Rihaalat-e-Ilmiya

Imam mausuf ko apne asaatzah wa mashayekh se behad qalbi talluq tha. Iss liye inke dar ke khoonte ban kar reh gaye aur asaatzah ki khidmat mein apni haazri ko apni mata’a hayat ka Juz-e-laa-Yanfak bana liya. Chunanche inke duroos, khutbaat aur Ilmi majaalis se khoob istefadah kiya aur inki tasaneef aur Uloom se Qalb-o-Zehen ke daaman ko bhar liya aur to aur apne mashayekh ke akhlaq wa kirdaar aur seerat wa amal ke paikar ban gaye.

Hatta ke khud ko in hazarat ki fitrati aadaat tak mein dhaal liya. Chunanche Imam Halqeeni se wus’at Hafiz aur kasrat maloomat ka ganjeena haasil kiya. Ibn Malqan se kasrat tasaneef ki khoo ko apnaya. Ibn Jama’a se Uloom mein tafnan ka Khazana jama kiya, Tanukhi se Ilm-e-qira’at ki maharat ko liya. Iraqi se Ilm-e-hadees par dastaras paida ki aur Shehra Afaaq lughat “ Al Qamoos al Muheeth” ke muallif Allama Majd ad deen Abu Tahir bin Yaqub Firozabadi ke aage zaanwe talammuz tay karke Lughat Arabiyyah par Mallika taama(ملکہ تامہ) paida kiya. In namwar Ulama, Fuqaha aur Muhaddiseen wa Lughwi.een ke ilawa Allamah mausuf ke Jaleelul Qadr aur Rasiqh fil Ilm asatizah wa mashayekh ki ek taweel fehrist hai jinka zikr wa tarruf ek mustaqil risaleh ka mohtaj hai.

Imam mausuf ne apne Ilmi safar ka aghaaz Shayr-o-adab se kiya aur is mein kamaal ki ooje sarya tak jaa pohunche, hatta ke Imam mausuf ki nazm-o-sher par maharat ne unhein “Shoura-e-sab’a” ki kehkashan ka ek darkhashanda sitara bana diya, jab ke Mohaqqiq-o-mohtat Ulama Imam mausuf ko un “saat sitaron” mein doosre martabe par rakhte hain phir Imam mausuf ko fan-e-hadees ki raghbat hui. Chunanche Imam mausuf hadith ki sama’at, kitabat, takhreej aur tasneef ki taraf poori tarah mutawajjah ho gaye aur iss maidan mein sabqat le jane ke liye Hafiz Asr Fareed Dehar Ulama Zaynuddin al Iraqi ki sohbat ko lazim pakad liya hatta ke fan-e-hadees mein taaq ho gaye aur iss fann ko apni himmat wa hausle ki yun jaulaan gaah banaya aur iss mein apna sara waqt aur jumla salahiyaton ko yun khapaya ke isse zyada mumkin na tha. Hatta ke apne asaatzah aur mashayekh ki hayat mein hi fan-e-hadees ke Imam aur Qafila-e-muhaddiseen ke saalar thehre jiski shahadat Imam mousuf ke mashayekh ne di.

782 hijri mein Damishq ka safar kiya, mutaddid hajj kiye, Harmain Shareefain, Iskandariya, Bait-ul-Muqaddas, Al Qaleel, Nablis, Rumla, Gaza aur Bilad Yemen waghairah ke mutaddid Mashayekh wa Muhaddiseen se hadees ka sama’a kiya. Imam mausuf ki masmumaat aur mashayekh ki tadad behad zyada hai jinka shumar na mumkin na sahi toh dushwar zaroor hai. Imam mausuf ne aksar mashayekh ki marwiyaat ko alag alag juzz mein jama kiya hai.

Dars-o-tadrees aur Ilm hadith ki nashar-o-Isha’at

Imam mausuf ko diyar misr ke mutaddid maqamaat par hadith ki mushaqqat aur fiqh ki tadrees paish hui. Chunache Imam mausuf ne sheikhuniya, Jame’ al qala’a, Jamaliya aur beharasiya mein hadith ka dars diya. Jabke maweediya aur sheikhuniya mein Fiqh ka dars bhi diya. Imam mausuf ko beharasiya mein “Sheikh al mashayekh” ke ohde par fayez kiya gaya jab ke Imam Shafa’i ke mazaar ke jawar mein Islah wa tarbiyat ki mashkhiyat ka ohda saunpa gaya.

Iske baad Imam mausuf ne hadith ki nashr-o-ishaa’at ko hi apna maqsad waheed bana liya aur ab Imam mausuf ke mashaghil hadith ki qira’at, mutaale’, tadrees aur ifta’a tak mehdood hoke reh gaye goya ke Imam mausuf ne khud ko Ilm hadith ki khidmat ke liye waqf kardiya tha.

Imam mausuf ke hifz wa itqaan ki shahadat apne paraye, dost wa dushman aur door nazdeek ke sab logon ne di. Hatta ke lafz “Hafiz” par iss bat ka ijma’a mun’aqid hogaya ke jab bhi yeh lafz bola jayega toh isse muraad “Imam ibn Hajar Rahimullah” hi honge. Phir toh Imam mausuf tashnigaan-e-Ilm hadith ka marja’ ban gaye. Sheikh ki zindagi mein hi inki taleefaat wa tasneefaat itraaf wa iknaaf-e-aalam mein phail gayi aur Rab Ta’ala ne inko sharf qubooliyat se yun nawaza ke Ilm hadith ka har taalib inko hirz-e-jaan banane ke dar pay hogaya aur bilad wa ansar ki malook-o-salateen mein in kitabon ke charche hone lage.

                       Haafiz Ibn Hajar aur  “Qaza”

Imam mausuf ne khud se iss baat ka pukhta ahad kar rakha tha ke woh ta hayaat masnad Qaza par qadam na rakhenge. Hatta ke jab “Al sadr Al Munaadi” ne inpar apni niyabat ka ohdah paish kiya to Imam mausuf ne ise qubool karne se inkaar kar diya. Phir Al Malik Al Maw’id ke israr par Imam mausuf ne baad qazaya ka ohdah qubool to kar liya lekin thode arse baad hi iss ohde se subakdosh ho gaye. Iss ke baad Al Malik Al Maw’id ne Imam mausuf ko mumalikat Shamiya ki Qaza ko ba-raha paish kiya, magar Imam mausuf na maane. Albatta Muharram 827 Hijri mein jab Al Mulkul Ashraf Barasbai ne aap par Qaahirah aur iske ird gird danwah ki Qaza ka ohdah paish kiya to Imam mausuf ne kamaal khud daari, beniyazi aur iffat wa nazahat ke saath yeh ohdah qubool kar liya. Lekin jab Imam mausuf ne dekha ke arbab daulat ke nazdeek Ulama aur ghair Ulama ke maqam-o-martaba mein koi farq nahi aur agar inki baat na maani jaaye, chahe who nahaq hi ho, to malaamat karne mein hadd se bhi tajawuz kar jaate hain. Balke adawat par utar aate hain. Doosre yahan har kisi na kisi ko khushamad aur chaplusi ke baghair kaam nahi chalta aur agar inki tamannao ko poora kiya jaaye to adal ke taqaazon ko poora karna na mumkinaat mein se jaa theherta hai to Imam mausuf ko apne iss fail par behadd sharmindagi hui aur unhone saaf saaf iss baat ka iqrar kiya ke unhone ohdah-e-Qaza ko qubool karke apne aap par zulm kiya hai. Chunanche Imam mausuf ne jald hi ohdah chhod diya. Lekin hum yeh baat kehne mein bilkul haqq par hain ke agar Imam mausuf jaisi qavi al Imaan jaisi shakhsiyat is ohdeh par baaqi rehti to inke deen aur duniya dono ke liye behtar hota.

Chunanche 828 hijri mein Imam mausuf ne ek baar phir Qaza ki masnad par jalwah afroz hona qubool farma liya aur 833 hijri tak iss ohdeh par fayez rahe, phir Qaza ko khairabaad keh diya. Iss ke baad 834 hijri mein Qaazi bane aur 840 hijri mein Qaza se alehdagi ikhtiyar karli. Phir 841 hijri mein Qaazi banaye gaye jabke 842 Hijri mein ma’azool kardiye gaye. Iss ke baad 852 Hijri mein Qaza ko tark karne ke baad marte dam tak ke liye Qaza se peeche hatt gaye.

Gharz Qaza ki wajah se Imam mausuf ne jo be panah aazmaishein aur musibatein dekhi unke bina par unhone Qaza ko hamesha ke liye tark kardiya. Imam mausuf khud farmaate hain ke ab to mere badan ka baal baal Qaza se nafrat karta hai. Chunanche Imam Taqi ud Deen bin Fahd al Makki Imam mausuf ka tarjuma likhte hue Imam mausuf par khafgi ka izhaar karte huye kehte hain:

“Mansab Qaza par fayez rehne ke dauran Imam mausuf ko salateen ki narazgiyon ko sehna aur inka saamna karna padta tha chunanche aap baar baar iss ohde ko chhod dete the jis bina par inki khidmat mein inke shayan-e-shan maal ke hidaya bheje jaate the jin ki wajah se wo dubara Qaza qubool kar lete the. Agar Imam mausuf iss mansab se bilkuli istighna barat-te aur apne shab-o-roz Ilm mein mashghool rakhte to bilashuba Rabb Ta’ala aur ahle Islam ke nazdeek inka rutba aur martaba aur zyada buland hota lekin mausuf ka qalb Qaza ki muhabbat ke khameer mein gundha hua tha. Qaza ke fitno mein khud bhi mubtala rahe aur apne bete ko bhi iss ki halaakaton ki nazar kar baithe.

 

                                   Tasneef wa Taaleef

Imam mausuf ne bahut likha. Kitaabein, matoon aur sharoohaat sab par hi khaama farsayi ki. Mausuf ka ash-hab qalam zyadatar Ilm hadees, uski takhreej, sharah, tarteeb aur jama’ ke maidan mein daudta raha.Ek hazaar ke qareeb majaalis mein mehez apne haafize ki buniyad par hadees ko Imla karwaya.

Imam mausuf ki Ilmi yaadgarein inki hayat musta’ar mein hi zabaan zadd khalayeq ban gayin. Har Ilmi majlis aapke zikr se ma’amoor rehti. Sharq-o-gharb mein aapke charche phail gaye. Hatta ke apne apne fan ke Imam bhi kasab faiz ke liye rakht safar bandh kar aapki majlis Ilmi mein aakar zaanwiye tilamazah tay karne lage. Sarbara dardah shakhsiyaat ke wafood aapki majlis mein shirkat ko apna sarmaya iftekhaar aur bayase izzat-o-sharf samajhte they.

Taaliban uloom ka hujoom chhatne mein na aata tha.Ilm ke pyase parwaano ki tarah is shama hadees ki lau par girte the. Hatta ke apne apne mazhab ke Imam, Imam mausuf ka tilmiz banne mein zara aar na samjhte the. Log joq dar joq aakar yake baad digar iss chashma-e-faiz se sairaab hote the aur yeh har roz ka nazara tha jisko dekh dekh kar nigah thakti na thi.

                                       Ind’Allah maqbooliyat

Rabb Ta’ala ka Imam mausuf par sabse bada ehsan yeh tha ke aap taalib Ilmi mein bhi sarapa khair the aur jab Ilm ke dariya bahaye to bhi sarapa khair they. Ek jahan ne inse nafa uthaya, Funoon hadees ki ma’arifat mein waheed al asar aur Fareed Al Dahr bane. Apne zamane mein apna misl na paate the. Hadees ko kasrat ke saath riwayat kiya.Tool taweel kitaabein likhi aur in mein se aksar ko khud bhi riwayat kiya. In bepanah Ilmi khubiyon ke saath saath behad mutawaze, haleem, burdbaar aur zabardast raub aur Jamaal ke maalik they. Khurdunoosh, libaas, poshak mein azhad mohtaat aur ibadat jaise sawm-o-salah mein behad mujahida karne waale the. Mausuf ka husn akhlaq, majlis-e-ilmi ki lazzat, doosron ki khaatir madaraat, Ahle Ilm wa fazal ki taraf mailan, behes wa tehqeeq mein insaaf, rujoo alal haqq aur deegar khasayel hameedah aur shumail satudah aise they ke mu’aasir ahle ilm wa fazal mein se kam hi mein yeh sab is qadr aitedaal wa Jamaal ke saath jama they.

                         Ulema wa Fazla’a ka Kharaj-e-tehseen

Imam as Suyuti(رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) ne “ Nazm al Uqbaan”( 45 s) mein likhte hain:

“Mausuf Yakta-e-rozgar, apne zamane mein sunnat ke Ilm barwaar, apne zamane ke “Zahabi” iska khulasa, jauhar aur nichod they. Ilm hadees mein sadiyon tak aapki bartari aur fauqiyat barqarar rahi.Fan-e-hadees mein mutaqaddimiin ke Imam, Lashkar Muhaddiseen ke salaar, Karwaan-e-hadees ke baddruqa,hadees ki tazayeef wa ta-saheeh kasauti aur jirah wa taadeel ke abwab mein sabse bade shahid-o-faisal they. Aap ki munfarid sifat ki bilkhusoos saheeh Bukhari ki sharah karne ki fazilat wa manqabat ki har musalman ne gawahi di aur har shakhs ne yeh faisla diya ke aap muallim they.Haafiza benazeer aur behad kaseer tha. Ibn Hajar ko hifz-o-itqaan bahar zakhaar kaha jaye to bejaa na hoga. Hadees ki naqad aur jaanch parakh mein apne zamane ke “Ibn Muayyan” they. Lehaza koi khoti, baatil, aur behaqeeqat hadees aapki nigahon se bach kar guzar na sakti thi. Mausuf  ki tasaneef goya ke uloom ke gunjeene aur khazane they. Issi bina par Imam mausuf ki tasaneef aur taaliban-e-uloom ke darmiyan fitri taur par badi rukawatein khadi kardi gayi thi. Rabb Ta’ala ne iss akhair zamane ko Imam mausuf ki zaat babarkaat se muzayyan wa aaraasta kardiya aur aapki mashkhiyat hadees ki barkat se zamano se ruke Imla-e-hadees ke silsile ko azz sar nau jaari wa saari kardiya”

Allama sakhawi (رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) “….” (39/2) mein likhte hai:

“khud Imam mausuf ke sheikh, Allama Iraqi iss baat ki shahadat dete hain ke woh apne as-haab mein hadees ke sabse bade aalim the aur Sheikh al Taqi Alafasy aur Al Burhaan Al Hilmi dono bayak zaban yeh kehte hain ke “ Hum ne Ibn Hajar( رَحْمَتُ اللہ عَلَیہ) jaisa doosra nahi dekha”.

Jab Hanafi Faqih Zain ud Deen Abu al Muhasin Taghdi Barmash bin Yusuf bin  Abdullah Tarkamani ne Imam mausuf se poocha ke kya aapne khud bhi apne jaisa dekha hai? To unhone jawaab mein yeh farmaya ke Rabb taala farmaate hai:”…….” (Najm:32) “So apni pakeezgi ka daawah na karo”

Mausuf  bepanah khoobiyon aur sifaat ke maalik they. Meri itni Basaat nahi ke “Ibn Hajar” jaisi qad aawar shakhsiyaat ka tarruf karwane ka haqq ada kar sakoon”.

Ibn Ayaas al Hanafi “بداع الزھور) ” (269/2) mein likhte hai :” Imam mausuf ke baad in jaisa paida na hua. Mausuf har fann mein  Naadrah rozgaar the”.

                                      “Ilmi Yaadgaarein”

Imam mausuf ne dhayi sau(250) se zyada kitabein aur risale yaad gaar chhode jin mein se har ek kitab apni jagah ek alag maqam rakhti hai.In mein muta’adid Kitabein zewar tiba’a se aarasta bhi ho chuki hain. Jabke baaz abhi tak Makhtuton ki shakal mein maujood hain. Dekhiye Rabb Ta’ala kab aur kis ke haathon inki Tibaa’at ke asbab mayassar farmata hai. Zail mein harf tahajji ke aitebaar se chand aham tareen kitabon ke naam darj kiye jaate hain.

1. Al Asaabah fi tameezul Sahaba
2. Badlal Ma’oon fi Fadhlal Taoon
3. Bulooghul Maraam min adliltill Ehkaam
4. Taghleekul Ta’leeq
5. Taqreebul Tehzeeb
6. Altalkhaysul Habeer fi takhreej Ahaadith Al Rafi’il Kabeer
7. Tehzeebul Tehzeeb
8. Alkhisaal Al mukaffarahtal Lildhunoobal Mutaqaddamah walmutaakhirah
9. Addariyatal fi takhreej Ahadithul hidayat
10. Rafa’ Al A’sr an Qadhah Misr
11. Zawayedal Bazaar A’lal Kitabul Sittah wa Musnad Ahmed
12. Silsital Zahab feema Rawaah Al Shafi’i an maalik an Naaf’e Al Ibn Umar
13. Turooqu Hadith, “La tasubbu Ashaabi”
14. A’walal Imam Muslim

  Wafaat Hasrat Ayaat

Jab Imam mausuf ne dekha ke inki majlis imla ke aksar mustamleen (Kitaab imla karwaane ki darkhwast karne waale) wafat paate ja rahe hain aur Ibn Khidhr, Raishi aur Zawadi jaise hum nasheen bhi dayee ajal ko labbaik kehte jaarahe hai to Imam mausuf ne ise ishara ghaibi samjhte hue jaan liya ke ab Koch ka naqaarah bajne waala hai. Chunanche Imam mausuf 28 Zilhajj 852 hijri hafta ki raat ko hamesha hamesha ke liye iss daar-e-Faani ko alwida kehkar Rabb Ghafoor Raheem ki jawaar-e-rehmat mein ja basey. Namaz-e-Zuhar se qibl aapki namaz-e-jaanaza ada ki gayi. Iss roz mausuf ki mayyat par aasman ne halki halki boonda baandi barsayi. Bilashuba iss waqiye ko sheikh ke haqq mein ek anokhi aur munfarid baat samjha gaya.

Imam mausuf ka janazah waidni tha. Logon ka itna bepanah hujoom iss se qibl kabhi dekhne mein na aaya tha. Hatta ke khud Imam mausuf ke mashayekh ke janaze bhi iss shaan se na uthe they. Hadd nigah tak siwaaye saron ke kuch nazar na aata tha. Til dharne ko jagah na thi. Chunanche Ameer ul mumineen aur Sultan Al Zaahir Haqmi aur inke jumla haashiya nasheen Imam mausuf ke janaze mein shareek huye. Khud khaleefa ne aage badhkar janaza padhaya. Janaze ke baad umra’a wa salateen mein janaze ko kandha dene mein woh kashmakash hui ke har ek angusht bandanda tha. Zameen aasman ne aisa manzar kam hi dekha hoga. Baad mein Imam mausuf ko “Qirafa” ke qabristan mein jo Qahirah mein jabal Maqtam ke daaman mein waqye hai, Imam Delmi qabr ke saamne supurd khaak kardiya gaya.

Rabb azwajal iss aalim Jaleel par apni rehmatein barsaye aur Qayamat tak aane waali naslon ko iss azeem aalim ke bepanah ilm se nafa bakhshe. Ameen ya Rabb al Alameen!

REFERENCE:

BOOK: “SHARAH BULUGH UL MARAAM”

IBN UTHAYMEEN RAHIMAHULLAH