11. Allah ke Asmaa-o-Sifaat Allah hi ke sath khas hain
Giyarwah Mabhas:
Allah ke Asmaa-o-Sifaat Allah hi ke sath khas hain, Namoon ki yaksaniat ashkas mein mumasalat ki mujib nahi
✯ Shaikh-ul-Islaam Ibn-e-Taimiyah رحمہ الله farmaate hain:
“Allah Ta’ala nay khud ko ka’ai namoon say musoom kiya hai, Aur apni Sifaat ko bhi ka’ai naam diya hai, Chunaacha jab yeh naam Allah ki taraf mansoob hain tu woh Allah hi kay sath khaas hain. Un mein koi dusra shareek nahi ho sakta. Aur apni ba’az makhluqaat ko bhi kuch naam diye hain. Jo unhi kay sath khaas aur unhi ki taraf mansoob hain. Lekin agr unhain Izafaat-o-Takhsees say alihadah kar diya jaye tu Allah kay namoon kay mu-o-fiq ho jayn gy. Lekin woh namoon kay mu-o-fiq hone say un kay musanma ka itlaaq aur Izafaat-o-Takhsees say alihadahgi ki surat mein ham-misal aur aik hona laazim nahi ata. Na hi in donon ka muttafiq hona. Aur na hi Izafaat-o-Takhsees ki surat hi mein musamma ka hm-misal hona lazim aata hai. Chey-jaiykayh Izafaat-o-Takhsees ki surat mein un donon ka musamma aik ho”
Chunaacha Allah nay apne aap ko ” حَيّ” (Zindah) kay naam say musoom kiya hai jaisa kay irshaad hai:
اَللّٰهُ لَآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا ھُوَ ۚ اَلْـحَيُّ الْقَيُّوْمُ
“Allah Ta’ala hi Ma’abud-e-Barhaq hai, Jis kay siwa koi ma’abud nahi, Jo zindah aur sab ka thaamne waala hai”
(Al Baqarah: 255)
Aur apne ba’az bandon ko bhi zinda ka naam diya hai, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
يُخْرِجُ الْـحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَيُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْـحَيِّ
“(wahi) zinda ko murdah say aur murdah ko zinda say nikaalta hai” (Al Room: 19)
Lekin yeh zinda us zinda kay misal nahi hai. Kiunkeh pehli ayat mein ” الْـحَيَّ “ Allah ka naam hai, Usi kay sath khaas hai. Aur يُخْرِجُ الْـحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ mein ” الْـحَيَّ “ makhluq ka naam hai, Usi kay sath khaas hai aur donon us -o-qt muttafiq hongy jab unhaain takhsees say alihadah kar kay mutlaq isti’maal kiya jaye. Lekin mutlaq ka kharij mein koi musamma (shakhs) mujood nahi hai. Magr mutlaq say aqal donon naam -o-lon (shakhson) kay dermiyaan qadar mushtarik samjhti hai. Aur khaas kar dene ki surat mein is ki taqyeed ho jaati hai. Jis say khaaliq say makhluq aur makhluq say khaaliq mumtaaz ho jata hai.
Aur yeh Allah kay tamaam Asma-o-Sifaat mein zaruri hai, Is say samjh mein aye ga kay in mein say kon sa naam ittifaaq ki surat mein kis cheez par dalalat karta hai. Aur Izafaat-o-Takhsees ki surat mein kis cheez par dalalat karta hai, Jo makhluq ko khaaliq Subhan-o-Ta’ala ki kisi bhi khasusiyat mein sharik hone say rokta hai.
Isi tarha Allah Ta’ala nay apne aap ko علیم حلیم kay naam say musoom kiya hai. Aur apne kisi banda ko bhi علیم ka naam diya. Chunaacha farmaaya:
وَبَشَّرُوْهُ بِغُلٰمٍ عَلِيْمٍ
“Aur unhon nay us (Ibrahim (علیہ السلام)) ko aik ilm wale ladke ki basharat di” ( Al Zariyaat: 28)
Ya’ani Ishaaq (علیہ السلام), Aur dusare bande ko حلیم ka naam diya. Chunaacha farmaaya:
فَبَشَّرْنٰهُ بِغُلٰمٍ حَلِـيْمٍ
“Tu ham nay usy aik burdbaar bache ki bashaarat di” (Al Saffat: 101)
Ya’ani Ismael (علیہ السلام), Lekin yeh علیم us علیم ki tarha ha na yeh حلیم us حلیم ki tarha hai.
Isi tarha Allah Ta’ala nay apne ko سمیع بصیر ka naam diya. Chunaacha irshaad farmaaya:
اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَاْمُرُكُمْ اَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْاَمٰنٰتِ اِلٰٓى اَھْلِھَا ۙ وَاِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ اَنْ تَحْكُمُوْا بِالْعَدْلِ ۭ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهٖ ۭ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ سَمِيْعًۢا بَصيْرًا 58
“Allah Ta’ala tumhen takeedi hukum deta hai keh amaanat waalon ki amanten unhain pohnchao! Aur jab logon ka faisla karo tu Adal-o-Insaaf say faisla karo. Yaqeenan woh behtar cheez hai jis ki nasihat tumhen Allah Ta’ala kar raha hai. Beshak Allah Ta’ala sunta hai, dekhta hai.” (Al Nisaa: 58)
❁ Aur apni ba’az makhluq ko bhi سمیع بصیر kaha, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
اِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الْاِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُّطْفَةٍ اَمْشَاجٍ ڰ نَّبْتَلِيْهِ فَجَعَلْنٰهُ سَمِيْعًۢا بَصِيْرًا Ą
“Beshak ham nay insaan ko milay julay nutfay say imtihaan kay liye paida kiya, Aur us ko sunta dekhta bnaya” ( Al Insaan: 2)
Lekin ye سمیع us سمیع ki tarha hai na yeh بصیر us بصیر ki tarha.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ kaha, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
اِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ
“Allah Ta’ala logon kay sath shafqat aur mehrbaani karne waala hai” (Al Baqarah: 143)
❁ Aur apne ba’az bandon ko bhi رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ kaha, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
لَقَدْ جَاۗءَكُمْ رَسُوْلٌ مِّنْ اَنْفُسِكُمْ عَزِيْزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيْص عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ رَءُوْفٌ رَّحِيْمٌ
“Tumhare paas aik aise Paigambar tashreef laye hain jo tumhaari jins say hain, Jin ko tumhari muzarrat ki baat nihayat giraan guzarti hai jo tumhaari manfa’at kay bare khu-o-hish mand rehte hain, Imaan -o-alon kay sath bade hi shafeeq aur mehrbaan hain.” (Al Tubah: 128)
Lekin yeh رَءُوْفٌ us رَءُوْفٌ ki tarha hai na yeh رَّحِيْمٌ hai Us رَّحِيْمٌ ki tarha.
❁ Aisy hi Allah nay apne aap ko مَلِك kaha hai, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
اَلْمَلِكُ الْقُدُّوْسُ
“Baadshah, Nihayat Paak” (Al Hashar: 23)
❁ Aur apne ba’az bandon ko bhi مَلِك kaha, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
وَكَانَ وَرَاۗءَهُمْ مَّلِكٌ يَّاْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِيْنَةٍ غَصبًا
“Un kay agay aik badshaah tha jo har aik ( saheeh Salim) kashti ko jabran zabat kar leta tha” (Al Kahaf: 79)
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ ائْتُوْنِيْ بِهٖ
“Aur badshaah nay kaha, Yousuf ko mere paas lao” ( Yousuf: 50)
Lekin yeh مَلِك us مَلِك ki tarha nahi hai.
❁ Aisy hi apne aap ko مُؤْمِن kaha, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ
“Aman dene waala, Nigehbaan” (Al Hashar: 23)
❁ Aur apne ba’az bandon ko bhi مُؤْمِن kaha, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
اَفَمَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا كَمَنْ كَانَ فَاسِقًا ڼ لَا يَسْـتَوٗنَ
“Kya woh jo momin ho misal us kay hai jo fasiq ho? Yeh brabar nahi ho sakte” (Al Sajdah: 18)
Lekin yeh مُؤْمِن us مُؤْمِن ki tarha nahi.
❁ Aisy hi apne aap ko عَزِيْز kaha, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
الْعَزِيْزُ الْجَبَّارُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُ
“Galib, Zor aawar, Aur badai waala” (Al Hashar: 23)
❁ Aur apne ba’az bandon ko bhi عَزِيْز kaha, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
قَالَتِ امْرَاَتُ الْعَزِيْزِ
“Tu ‘Azeez ki biwi bhi bol uthi” (Yousuf: 51)
Lekin yeh عَزِيْز us ” عَزِيْز ki tarha nahi.
❁ Aise hi apne aap ko جَبَّار, مُتَكَبِّر kaha. Aur apne ba’az makhluq ko bhi جَبَّار مُتَكَبِّر kaha. Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
كَذٰلِكَ يَطْبَعُ اللّٰهُ عَلٰي كُلِّ قَلْبِ مُتَكَبِّرٍ جَبَّارٍ
“Isi tarha Allah har aik maghrur sarkash kay dil par mohar kar deta hai” (Ghafir: : 35)
Lekin yeh جَبَّار us جَبَّار ki tarha hai na yeh مُتَكَبِّر us مُتَكَبِّر ki tarha.
Aur is ki muta’adid misalen hain.
❁ Isi tarha Allah Tabaarak-o-Wa Ta’ala nay apni sifaton ko namoon say musoom kiya, Aur isi tarha apne ba’az bandon ki sifaton ko bhi naam diya. Chunaacha irshaad hai:
وَلَا يُحِيْطُوْنَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهٖٓ
“Aur woh us kay ilm mein say kisi cheez ka ihaatah nahi kar sakte, Magr jitna woh chahy” (Al Baqarah: 255)
اَنْزَلَهٗ بِعِلْمِهٖ
“Usay apne ‘ilm say utara hai” (Al Nisaa: 166)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
اِنَّ اللّٰهَ هُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ ذُو الْقُوَّةِ الْمَتِيْنُ
“Allah Ta’ala tu khud hi sab ka rozi rassan ta-o-nai waala aur zor aawar hai” (Al Zariyaat: 58)
❁ Aur farmaaya:
اَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ الَّذِيْ خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ اَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً
“Kya unhain yeh Nazar na aya kay jis nay unhain paida kiya hai, Woh un say (bohat hi) zayada zor aa-o-r hai” (Fussilat: 15)
❁ Isi tarha makhluq ki sifatt ko Ilm-o-Quwwat ka naam diya, Chunaacah irshaad hai:
وَمَآ اُوْتِيْتُمْ مِّنَ الْعِلْمِ اِلَّا قَلِيْلًا
“Aur tumhen bohat hi kam ‘ilm diya gaya hai” (Al Israa: 85)
❁ Neez farmaaya:
وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِيْ عِلْمٍ عَلِيْمٌ
“Har zee ‘ilm par foqiyat rakhne waala dusara zee ‘ilm mujood hai” [Yousuf: 76]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
فَرِحُوْا بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِّنَ الْعِلْمِ
“Yeh apne paas kay ‘ilm par itraane lage” [Ghafir: 83]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
اَللّٰهُ الَّذِيْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِّنْ ﮨـعْفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ ﮨـعْفٍ قُوَّةً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ ﮨـعْفًا وَّشَيْبَةً ۭ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاۗءُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيْمُ الْقَدِيْرُ 54
“Allah Ta’ala woh hai jis nay tumhen kamzori ki halat mein paida kiya phir us kamzori kay baad ta-o-nai di, Phir us ta-o-nai kay baad kamzori aur budhapa diya jo chahta hai paida karta hai, Woh sab say pura waqif aur sab par pura qaadir hai”
[Al Room: 54]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَّيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً
“Aur tumhaari taaqat par aur taaqat quwwat badha de“[Hood: 52]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَالسَّمَاۗءَ بَنَيْنٰهَا بِاَيْىدٍ
“Aasmaan ko ham nay (apne) haathon say bnaya hai” [Al Zariyaat: 47]
❁ Ya’ani quwwat say, Neez irshaad hai:
وَاذْكُرْ عَبْدَنَا دَاوٗدَ ذَا الْاَيْدِ
“Aur hmare bande Dawohod (علیہ السلام) ko yaad karen jo badi quwwat waala tha” [Saad: 17]
Ya’ani quwwat waala lekin yeh ‘ilm us ‘ilm ki tarha hai na yeh quwwat us quwwat ki tarha.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko mashiat (chaahat) say mosuf kiya aur apne banda ko bhi mashiat say muttasif kiya, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
لِمَنْ شَاۗءَ مِنْكُمْ اَنْ يَّسْتَــقِيْمَ 28ۭ وَمَا تَشَاۗءُوْنَ اِلَّآ اَنْ يَّشَاۗءَ اللّٰهُ رَبُّ الْعٰلَمِيْنَ 29ۧ
“Us kay liye jo tum mein say sidhi raah par chalna chahy, Aur tum bagair Par-o-rdighaar ‘Aalam kay chahe kuch nahi chaah sakte” [Al Takweer: 28-29]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
اِنَّ هٰذِهٖ تَذْكِرَةٌ ۚ فَمَنْ شَاۗءَ اتَّخَذَ اِلٰى رَبِّهٖ سَبِيْلًا 29 وَمَا تَشَاۗءُوْنَ اِلَّآ اَنْ يَّشَاۗءَ اللّٰهُ ۭ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِيْمًا حَكِيْمًا 30 ڰ
“Yaqeenan yeh tu aik nasihat hai pas jo chahe apne Rabb ki raah ly le. Aur tum na chaho gy magr yeh kay Allah Ta’ala hi chahy beshak Allah Ta’ala ‘ilm waala baa-hikmat hai” [Al Insaan: 29-30]
Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko iraadah ki sifatt say mosuf kiya aur apne banda ko bhi iraadah say muttasif kiya, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
تُرِيْدُوْنَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا ڰ وَاللّٰهُ يُرِيْدُ الْاٰخِرَةَ ۭوَاللّٰهُ عَزِيْزٌ حَكِيْمٌ
“Tum tu duniya kay maal chahte ho aur Allah ka iraadah akhirat ka hai aur Allah zor aawar baa-hikmat hai” [Al Anfaal: 67]
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko muhabbat say mosuf kiya aur apne banda ko bhi muhabbat say muttasif kiya, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
فَسَوْفَ يَاْتِي اللّٰهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُّحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّوْنَهٗٓ
“Tu Allah Ta’ala bohat jald aisi qaom ko laye ga jo Allah ki mahboob hogi aur woh bhi Allah say muhabbat rakhti hogi”
[Al Maaidah: 54]
❁ Neez farmaaya:
قُلْ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّوْنَ اللّٰهَ فَاتَّبِعُوْنِيْ يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللّٰهُ
“Keh dijiye! Agar tum Allah Ta’ala say muhabbat rakhte ho tu meri taab’idaari karo khud Allah Ta’ala tum say muhabbat kare ga” [Aal-e- Imraan: 31]
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko raza-mandi say mosuf kiya aur apne banda ko bhi raza-mandi say muttasif kiya, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوْا عَنْهُ
“Allah Ta’ala un say raazi aur khush hain, Aur yeh Allah say raazi aur khush hain” [Al Maaidah: 119]
Jabke mauloom hai kay Allah ki Mashiyat-o-Chahat bande ki mashiyat kay misal hai, Na us ka iraadah bande kay iraade kay misal hai, Na hi us ki muhabbat banda ki muhabbat kay misal hai aur na hi us ki raza-mandi bande ki raza-mandi kay misal hai.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apni sifatt batai hai kay woh kafiron say gazabnaak hota hai aur bandon ko bhi مقت (gussa) say mosuf kiya hai. Irshaad hai:
اِنَّ الَّذِيْنَ كَفَرُوْا يُنَادَوْنَ لَمَقْتُ اللّٰهِ اَكْبَرُ مِنْ مَّقْتِكُمْ اَنْفُسَكُمْ اِذْ تُدْعَوْنَ اِلَى الْاِيْمَانِ فَتَكْفُرُوْنَ 10
“Beshak jin logon nay kufar kiya unhain yeh awaz di jaye gi kay yaqeenan Allah ka tum par ghussa hona us say bohat zayaada ghuasa hai jo tum guhssa hote thy apne ji say, Jab tum apne Imaan ki taraf bulaye jaate thy phir kufar karne lagte thy”
[Ghafir: 10]
Lekin yeh ghussa us ghussa jaisa nahi hai.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko makar aur chaal say muttasif kiya hai aur apne bande ko bhi is say muttasif kiya hai. Irshaad hai:
وَيَمْكُرُوْنَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللّٰهُ
“Aur woh tu apni tadbeeren kar rahe thy aur Allah apni tadbeer kar raha tha” [Al Anfaal: 30]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
اِنَّهُمْ يَكِيْدُوْنَ كَيْدًا 15ۙ وَّاَكِيْدُ كَيْدًا 16ښ
“Albattah kafir dao ghaat mein hain, Aur mein bhi aik chaal chal raha hon” [Al Tariq: 15-16]
Lekin yeh makar us makar ki tarha hai na yeh chaal us chaal ki tarha.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko عمل say muttasif kiya hai, Irshaad hai:
اَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا اَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِّمَّا عَمِلَتْ اَيْدِيْنَآ اَنْعَامًا فَهُمْ لَهَا مٰلِكُوْنَ 71
“Kya woh nahi dekhte kay ham nay apne hathon ki banai hui cheezon mein say un kay liye chopaye (bhi) paida kar diye, Jin kay yeh maalik hogaye hain” (Yaaseen: 71)
❁ Aur apne bande ko bhi عمل say muttasif kiya hai. Irshaad hai:
جَزَاۗءًۢ بِمَا كَانُوْا يَعْمَلُوْنَ
“Jo kuch karte the yeh us ka badla hai” [Al Sajdah: 17]
Lekin yeh عمل us عمل jaisa nahi hai.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko pukaarne aur sargoshi karne kay wasaf say muttasif kiya hai, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
وَنَادَيْنٰهُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الطُّوْرِ الْاَيْمَنِ وَقَرَّبْنٰهُ نَجِيًّا 52
“Ham nay usay Toor ki daaen janib say nida ki aur raaz goi karte huwe usy qareeb kar liya” [Maryam: 52]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَيَوْمَ يُنَادِيْهِمْ
“Aur jis din Allah Ta’ala unhain pukare ga” [Al Qasas: 62]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَنَادٰىهُمَا رَبُّهُمَآ
“Aur un kay Rabb nay un ko pukara” [Al Aaraf: 22]
❁ Aur apne bande ko bhi pukaarne aur sargoshi karne ki sifatt say muttasif kiya hai, Irshaad hai:
اِنَّ الَّذِيْنَ يُنَادُوْنَكَ مِنْ وَّرَاۗءِ الْحُـجُرٰتِ اَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُوْنَ Ć
“Jo log aap ko hujron kay peechay say pukaarte hain un mein say aksar be-a’qal hain” [Al Hujurat: 4]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
اِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُوْلَ
“Jab tum Rasool say sargoshi karna chaho” [Al Mujadalah: 12]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
اِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَـنَاجَوْا بِالْاِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ
“Jab tum sargoshi karo tu yeh sargoshiyan gunah aur zulam (ziyaadati) ki na hon” [Al Mujadalah: 9]
Lekin ye pukaar us pukaar ki tarha hai na yeh sargoshi us sargoshi ki tarha.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko kalam ki sifatt say muttasif kiya hai, Irshaad-e-Baari hai:
وَكَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ مُوْسٰى تَكْلِــيْمًا
“Aur Musa (علیہ السلام) say Allah Ta’ala nay saaf tur par kalam kiya” [Al Nisaa: 164]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَلَمَّا جَاۗءَ مُوْسٰي لِمِيْقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهٗ رَبُّهٗ
“Aur jab Moosa (علیہ السلام) hamare waqat par aye aur un kay Rabb nay un say batain ki” [Al Aaraf: 143]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَھُمْ عَلٰي بَعْضٍ ۘ مِنْھُمْ مَّنْ كَلَّمَ اللّٰهُ
“Ye Rasool hain jin mein say ham nay ba’az ko ba’az par fazilat di hai, In mein say ba’az woh hain jin say Allah Ta’ala nay baat cheet ki hai” [Al Baqarah: 253]
❁ Aur apne bande ko bhi Sifatt-e-Kalaam say muttasif farmaaya hai, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
وَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ ائْتُوْنِيْ بِهٖٓ اَسْتَخْلِصْهُ لِنَفْسِيْ ۚ فَلَمَّا كَلَّمَهٗ قَالَ اِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا مَكِيْنٌ اَمِيْنٌ 54
“Baadshah nay kaha usy mere paas lao kay mein usy apne khaas kamoon kay liye muqarrar kar lon, Phir jab us say baat cheet ki tu kehny Laga kay aap hamare haan zee izzat aur amanat daar hain” [Yousuf: 54]
Lekin ye kalam us kalam ki tarha nahi hai.
❁ Isi tarha apne aap ko khabar deny ki sifatt say muttasif kiya aur apni ba’az makhluq ko bhi Khabar deny ki sifatt say muttasif kiya, Chunaacha farmaaya:
وَاِذْ اَسَرَّ النَّبِيُّ اِلٰى بَعْضِ اَزْوَاجِهٖ حَدِيْثًا ۚ فَلَمَّا نَبَّاَتْ بِهٖ وَاَظْهَرَهُ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهٗ وَاَعْرَضَ عَنْۢ بَعْضٍ ۚ فَلَمَّا نَبَّاَهَا بِهٖ قَالَتْ مَنْ اَنْۢبَاَكَ هٰذَا ۭ قَالَ نَبَّاَنِيَ الْعَلِيْمُ الْخَبِيْرُ Ǽ
“Aur yaad kar jab Nabi nay apni ba’az ‘aurton say aik poshidah baat kahi, Pas jab us nay us baat ki khabar kar di aur Allah nay apne Nabi ko is par agaah kar diya tu Nabi nay thodi si baat tu bta di aur thodi si taal gaye, Phir jab Nabi nay apni us biwi ko yeh baat batai tu woh kehny lagi is ki khabar aapko kis nay di. Kaha sab janane -o-ale puri khabar rakhne -o-ale Allah nay mujhe yeh batlaya hai” [Al Tahreem: 3]
Lekin yeh khabar dena us khabar dene ki tarha nahi hai.
Isi tarha apne aap ko ta’aleem say muttasif kiya aur apne bandon ko bhi ta’aleem say muttasif kiya.
❁ Chunaacha farmaaya:
اَلرَّحْمٰنُ Ǻۙ عَلَّمَ الْقُرْاٰنَ Ąۭ خَلَقَ الْاِنْسَانَ Ǽۙ عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ Ć
“Rahman nay Quran sikhaya, Usi nay insaan ko paidah kiya, Aur usy bolna sikhaya” [Al Rahmaan: 1-4]
❁ Neez farmaaya:
تُعَلِّمُوْنَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللّٰهُ
“Jinhain tum thoda bohat woh sikhaate ho jis ki ta’aleem Allah Ta’ala nay tumhen de rakhi hai” [Al Maaidah: 4]
❁ Isi tarha farmaaya:
لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَي الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ اِذْ بَعَثَ فِيْھِمْ رَسُوْلًا مِّنْ اَنْفُسِھِمْ يَتْلُوْا عَلَيْھِمْ اٰيٰتِھٖ وَيُزَكِّيْھِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُھُمُ الْكِتٰبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
“Beshak musalmanoon par Allah Ta’ala ka bada ahsaan hai kay un hi mein say aik Rasool un mein bheja jo inhain us ki ayaten padh kar sunaata hai aur unhain paak karta hai aur unhain kitaab aur hikmat sikhata hai”
[Aal-e- Imraan: 164]
Lekin yeh ta’aleem us ta’aleem ki tarha nahi hai.
❁ Isi tarha apne aap ko ghazab say muttasif kiya, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
وَغَضِبَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَنَهُمْ
“Allah un par naraz huwa aur unhain la’anat ki” [Al Fatah: 6]
❁ Aur apne bande ko bhi ghazab say muttasif kiya, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ مُوْسٰٓي اِلٰى قَوْمِهٖ غَضْبَانَ اَسِفًا
“Aur jab Moosa (علیہ السلام) apni qaom ki taraf wapis aye ghussa aur ranj mein bhare huwe” [Al Aaraf: 150]
Lekin yeh ghazab us ghazab ki tarha nahi hai.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apni sifatt yeh batai hai kay woh apne ‘arsh par mastawi hai, Chunaacha apni kitaab ki saat (Hashiya: 85) ayaton mein zikar farmaaya kay woh ‘arsh par mastawi hai aur aise hi apni ba’az makhluqaat ko dusari makhluqaat par mustawi hone say muttasif kiya, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
لِتَسْتَوٗا عَلٰي ظُهُوْرِهٖ
“Taa kay tum un ki peeth par jam ka sawar huwa karo” [Al Zukhruf: 13]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
فَاِذَا اسْتَوَيْتَ اَنْتَ وَمَنْ مَّعَكَ عَلَي الْفُلْكِ
“Jab tu aur tere saathi kashti par baa- itminan beth jao” [Al Mominoon: 28]
❁ Neez irshaad hai:
وَاسْـتَوَتْ عَلَي الْجُوْدِيِّ
“Aur kashti joddi naami pahad par ja lagi”[Hood: 44]
Lekin yeh makhluqaat ka istia Allah kay istiwa ki tarha nahi hai.
❁ Isi tarha Allah nay apne aap ko donon haath phelaane say muttasif kiya hai, Chunaacha irshaad hai:
وَقَالَتِ الْيَھُوْدُ يَدُاللّٰهِ مَغْلُوْلَةٌ ۭغُلَّتْ اَيْدِيْهِمْ وَلُعِنُوْا بِمَا قَالُوْا ۘبَلْ يَدٰهُ مَبْسُوْطَتٰنِ ۙ يُنْفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاۗءُ ۭ
“Aur yahudiyon nay kaha kay Allah Ta’ala kay hath bandhe huwe hain, Unhi kay hath bandhe huwe hain aur un kay is qaol ki wajah sy un par la’anat ki gai, Balkehh Allah Ta’ala kay donon haath khule hain, Jis tarha chahta hai kharch karta hai”
[Al Maaidah: 64]
❁ Aise hi apni ba’az makhluq ko bhi haath phelaane say muttasif kiya, Jaisa kay irshaad hai:
وَلَا تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُوْلَةً اِلٰى عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ
“Apna hath apni gardan say bandha huwa na rakh aur na isy bilkol hi khol de” [Al Israa: 29]
Lekin yeh haath us haath ki tarha ha na yeh phelaana us phelaane ki tarha. Aur agar phelaane ka ma’ana ‘aata aur Sakhaawat-o-Fayyaazi ho tu Allah ka ‘aata apni makhluq ki tarha hai na Allah ki Sakhaawat-o-Fayyaazi makhluq ki Sakhaawat-o-Fayyaazi ki tarha. Aur is ki misalen bakasrat hain.
Lihaza jo kuch Allah Ta’ala nay apne liya saabit kiya hai usay saabit karna aur saath hi us ki apni makhluq say mashiyat ki nafi karna zaruri hai, Chunaacha jo yeh kahe kay Allah kay paas na ‘ilm hai, Na quwwat hai, Na rahmat hai, Na kalam hai, Na woh muhabbat karta hai, Na raazi hota hai, Na us nay pukara, Na sargoshi ki, Aur na mustawi hua, Woh Allah kay Sifaat ka inkaar karne waala, Hatt dharam aur Allah ko ma’adumaat (ger mujood cheezon) aur jamaadaat ( matti pathar wagera) kay misal thehraane waala hai.
Aur jo Allah Subhaanahu-o-Ta’ala kay baare mein yeh kahe kay us ka ‘ilm mere ‘ilm ki tarha hai, Us ki taaqat meri taaqat ki tarha hai, Ya us ki muhabbat meri muhabbat ki tarha hai, Ya us ki raza-mandi meri raza-mandi ki tarha, Ya us kay donon hath mere hathon ki tarha hain, Ya Us ka mustawi hona mere mustawi hone ki tarha hai, wagera’ woh Allah Ta’ala ko haiwanaat kay mushabah aur misal thehraane waala hai, Balkehh mashiyat kay bagair Allah kay Asma-o-Sifaat ko saabit karna aur inkaar kiye bager Allah ko munazza aur paak karna zaruri hai.
( Al Tadmeeriyyah Az Shaik-ul-Islaam Ibn-e-Taimiyyah رحمہ اللہ, Page: 21/30)
✦ Imaam Ibn-e-Qayyim رحمہ الله nay wazaahat farmaayi hai kay:
“Is qisam kay naam aur Sifaat kay teen a’aitbaraat hain:
➤ Pehla a’itbaar: Ye hai kay is Naam-o-Sifaat ko Allah Tabaarak-o-Wa Ta’ala ya bandah ki qaid say qata’ah nazar mahaz bahaisiyat aik naam aur sifatt dekha jaye.
➤ Dusara a’itbaar: Yeh hai kay usay Allah ki taraf mansoob aur us kay saath khaas kar kay dekha jaye.
➤ Teesara a’itbaar: Yeh hai kay usay bandah ki taraf mansoob aur us kay saath muqayyad kar kay dekha jaye.
Chunaacha jo cheez Barah-e-Raast naam aur us ki haqeeqat ko laazim hogi woh Rabb aur bandah donon kay liye saabit ki jaye gi, Rabb kay liye us kay kamaal kay Shayaan-e-Shaan aur bandah kay liye us ki haisiyat kay mutabiq. Jaise naam “السمیع” (Sune waala) baaton kay idraak ko lazim hai. Aur “البصیر” cheezon kay deedar ko multazim hai. Isi tarha “العلیم“, “القدیر” aur deegar Asma-ul-Husna: Kiunkeh namoon kay isti’maal kay sahih hone ki shart yeh hai kay jisy un say muttasif kiya gaya hai usay un ka ma’aini aur haqaiq haasil hon. Lihaza jo cheezain in namoon ko Barah-e-Raast laazim hon usay Allah Tabaarak-o-Wa Ta’ala kay liye saabit karne mein siray say ko mumaani’at nahi: Balkehh usay Allah kay liye isi tarha saabit kiya jaye ga kay woh apni makhluq kay ham Misal-o-Mushabah na ho. Lihaza jo is qisam kay naam ki bandah kay liye isti’maal hone kay sabab Allah say nafi kare ga woh Allah kay namoon mein ilhaad karne waala aur us kay Sifat-e-Kamaal ka munkir hoga. Aur jo usay Allah kay liye is tarha saabit kare ga jis say woh apni makhluq kay mushabah ho woh Allah ko uski makhluq say tashbeeh dene waala hoga. Aur jis nay Allah ko us ki makhluq say tashbeeh diya us nay kufar kiya. Aur jo usay Allah kay liye is tarha saabit kare ga kay Allah ki apni makhluq say misliyat na ho: Balkehh Allah ki ‘azmat kay Shayaan-e-Shaan ho, Woh tashbeeh ki ghalazat aur ta’ateel (Adam-e-Isbaat) kay khun say bari aur mahfooz rahe ga. Aur yahi Ahl-e-Sunnat ka tariqa hai aur jo cheez kisi sifatt ko bande kay liye saabit karne kay sabab laazim aye’ Allah say us ki nafi karna zaruri hai. Jaise bande ki zindagi kay liye nined, Ungh aur ghiza wagera ki haajat laazim hai. Isi tarha banda kay iraadah mein apne nafa’ah kay husool aur nuqsaan kay difa’a mein us ki Harkat-e-Nafs laazim hai. Isi tarha bande kay buland hone mein kisi unchi cheez ki zarurat hai jis par woh uthaya hu-o- ho, Woh uska mohtaaj aur ghera huwa ho, Tu Allah paak-o-Be-a’ayb Tabaarak-o-Wa Ta’ala say in tamaam cheezon ki nafi karna wajib hai, Aur kisi sifatt kay Allah Tabaarak-o-Wa Ta’ala kay sath khaas hone ki hasiyat say jo cheez lazim aati hai woh kisi makhluq kay liye kisi bhi tarha saabit nahi ki jaye gi. Jaise Allah Ta’ala ka ‘ilm, kay us mein qadaamat, Wujoob aur har cheez ka ihaatah laazim hai, Aise hi Allah ki qudrat uska iraadah aur deegar tamaam Sifaat, Chunaacha jo Sifaat Allah kay saath khaas hain unka makhluq kay liye saabit karna mumkin nahi.
Jab aap is qaida ko gehraai say jaan len gy aur isy kamahaquho samjh len gy tu aap ko un donon aafton say chutkara mil jaye ga jo Ahl-e-kalam ki tabahi ki jad hain, Aik ta’ateel ki aafat aur dusari tashbeeh ki aafat. Kiunkeh jab aap is muqaam ka bharpur kamahaquho tasawur karen gay tu Allah kay Asma-ul-Husna aur Sifaat-e-Aaliya ko haqeeqi tor par saabit karen gay, Jis say aap ko ta’ateel (Inkaar-o-Adam-e-Isbaat) say chutkara mil jaye ga, Aur Allah kay Asma-o-Sifaat say makhluq ki khasusiyat aur un ki mushaabaht ki nafi karen gy jis say aap ko tashbeeh say chutkara mil jaye ga Lihaza is nuqtah par khub gaor karen, Aur isy apni Jannat bana len jis ki taraf is baab mein raju’h karte rahen, Aur Allah Ta’ala durusti ki tufeeq deny waala hai. ( Badai-ul-Fawaid Az Imam Ibn-ul-Qayyim رحمہ اللہ: 1/165-166, Nihayat mamoli tasarruf ke sath, Neez dikhiy: Mukhtasar Al Sawaiq-ul-Mursalah Alal Jahmiyah Wal Muattilah Az Imam Ibn-ul-Qayyim رحمہ اللہ: 2/37, Chunacah farmate hain: Yeh Alfaz jinhain makhloq ke haqq aur Allah ke haqq donon mein istimal kia jata ha, Un ke kai aitibarat hain:
➤ Awwal: Yeh keh woh khaliq Subhanaho wa Talaa ki qaid ke sath hon, Jaise Allah ki samat, Allah ki basarat, Allah ka cahrah, Us ke do hath, Us ka istiwa, Us ka nuzool farmana, Us ka ilm, Us ki qudrat, Us ki zindagi.
➤ Dom: Yeh keh makhloq ki qaid ke sath hon, Jaise insane ka hath, Us ka cahrah, Us ka istiwa.
➤ Som: Yeh keh woh in donon izafaton se khali hon aur mutlaq hon….. Phir in ki badi umdah sarah ki hai. Dikhiy: Mukhtasar Al Sawaiq-ul-Mursalah Alal Jahmiyah Wal Muattilah Az Imam Ibn-ul-Qayyim رحمہ اللہ: 2/37)
✦ Imaam Ibn-e-Qayyim رحمہ الله mazeed qamtaraaz hain:
Jo Asma Allah Ta’ala aur bandon par bhi bole jaate hain un kay baare mein Ghur karne -o-alon ka ikhtilaaf hai, Jaise: الحی, البصیر, السمیع, العلیم, القدیر aur الملک wagera. Chunaacha mutakallimeen ki aik jama’at kehti hai kay: Yeh Asma banda kay liye haqeeqi hain aur Rabb Ta’ala kay liye majaazi. Yeh Ghulo-pasand mua’atzilah ka qaol hai, Yeh sab sy gandah aur nihayat bura qaol hai. Is kay bil-muqabil dusra qaol yeh hai kay yeh Asma Rabb Ta’ala kay liye haqeeqi aur bandah kay liye majaazi hain, Yeh Abu Al-‘Abbas naashi ka qaol hai. Aur teesara qaol yeh hai kay yeh Asma Rabb Ta’ala aur banda donon kay liye haqeeqi hain. Yeh Ahl-e-Sunnat ka qaol hai aur yahi sahih hai. Rabb aur banda donon mein haqeeqat ka ikhtilaaf in namoon ko donon kay liye haqeeqi ma’aini mein hone say kharij nahi karta kiunkeh yeh Asma Rabb Ta’ala kay liye us kay jalal kay Shayaan-e-Shaan hain aur bande kay liye us kay Laiq-o-Munaasib.
(Badai-ul-Fawaid: 1/164, Qadre tasarruf ke sath.)
REFERENCE:
BOOK: Sharah Asma-o-Husna kitaab-o-Sunnat ki raushni mein.
Taleef : Dr. Sa’id bin Ali bin Wahf Al-Qahtani
Urdu Tarjumah by: Shaikh Inayatullah bin Hafeezullah Sanabali Madani.