FIQAH KA MA’AANAH-O-MAFHOOM

lughawi wazaahat: lafz-e-fiqah faham, samajh aur daanish kay ma’aani mein iste’imaal hota hai, jaisa keh mandarjah zail dalaail say waazih hota hai.

(1) قالوا یا شعیب ما نفقہ کثیرا مما تقول [ ھود آیت نمبر 91 ]

unhon nay kaha keh aye Shoaib teri aksar baatain to hamari samajh mein hi nahi aaten.

(2) فما لهولاء القوم لا يكادون يفقهون حديثا [ النساء ]

inhain kiya ho gaya hai keh koi baat samajhnay kay bhi qareeb nahi.

(3) irshaad-e-bari ta’aala hai keh,

فلو لا نفر من كل فرقة طائفة ليتفقهوا في الدين [ التوبة : 122 ]

aisa kiyon na kiya jaye keh un ki har bari jamaat mein say aik chhoti jamaat niklay taakeh woh deen ki samajh boojh haasil karen.

(4) hadith-e-nabawi hai keh,

( من يردالله به خيرا يفقهه في الدين)

Allah ta’aala jis kay sath bhalayi ka iradah Farmatay hain usay deen ki samajh ata farma detay hain,(1)

yeh lafaz Arabic Grammar kay aitbaar say باب فقه ( سمع و كرم ) ka masdar hai.

باب تفقه ( تفعل ) bhi isi ma’aana mein iste’imaal kiya jata hai.

فقه ( تفعيل ) افقه (افعال) yeh abwab sikhanay aur samjhnay kay ma’aani mein musta’amal hain.

“lafz-e-faqeeh” ilam-e-fiqah jaan’nay walay aur bohot ziyadah samajhdaar shakhs par bola jata hai, is ki jama “fuqahaa” musta’amal hai.(2)

ISTELAHI TAAREEF:

 العلم بالاحكام الشرعية العملية المكتسبة من ادلتها
التفصيلية

aisa ilam jis mein un shara’yi ahkaam say bahas hoti ho jin ka ta’alluq amal say hai aur jin ko tafseeli dalaail say hasil kiya jata ho.(3)

umooman ilam-e-fiqah ki woh hi taareef ki jati hai jo darj-e-bala sutoor mein maujood hai.
is kay ilawah mukhtalif fuqaha nay is ki mukhtalaf tareefaat ki hain jinhain yahan zikar karnay ki zarurat nahi hai.
khulasah-e-kalaam yeh hai keh ilm-e-fiqah mein sirf un masaail say bahas ki jati hai jo mahaz bandon kay af’aal say ta’alluq rakhtay hon, jaisay Namaz, Rauzah, Nikah, Talaaq, khareed-o-firokhat aur jaraa’im waghairah.
ya yon kahen keh is ilm mein sirf aise ahkaam shamil hain jo ibadaat aur mu’amilaat say muta’alliq hon, aur aise ahkamaat ka is mein koi dakhal nahi jo aqaaid-o-eimaniyaat say ta’alluq rakhtay hon

(1)_[ sahih-ul-bukhari: 71, kitab-ul-ilmi, baab من يردالله به خيرا يفقهه في الدين ]
(2)_[ al-qamoos-ul-muheet page no 1151 ] [ al-moujam-ul-waseet page no 698 ]
(3)_[ irshaadulfuhool 1/7 ],[ al-mustasfa-li-alghazali 1/18 ],
[ al-ahkaam-li-alaamidi 1/50 ],
[ al-bahr-ul-muheet-liz-zarkashi 1/110 ]

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FIQAH KI AHMIYAT-O-ZARURAT.

Ilm-e-fiqah hasil karna baaz auqaat to farz-e-ain ho jata hai, jaisay kay un umoor-o-masaail ka seekhna jin baghair koi farz-e-ain hukum dad hi na ho sakta ho, masalan wuzoo, namaz aur rauzah waghairah ka tareeqah-o-kaifiyat.

aur baaz ulamaa nay sayyiduna Anas say marwi hadith

 (طلب العلم فريضة على كل مسلم)

keh ( ilm hasil karna har musalmaan par farz hai ). (1)

ko isi par mahmool kiya hai, yaani sirf un masaail ka ilm hasil karna har musalmaan par farz hai jo us par farz-e-ain hain.

shafi’eiyah kay nazdeek kisi cheez kay waqt-e-wujoob say pahlay hi us ka seekh Lena laazim hai, jaisay kay us shakhs par jumay kay liye waqat say pahlay hi koshish kar kay aana laazim hai jis ka ghar door hai,
kiyon keh yeh qaaidah hai keh

( مالا يتم الواجب الا به فهو واجب )

jo cheez kisi wajib ki takmeel kay liye na gazeer ho wo bhi wajib hai. (2)

phir agar koi amal fauri taur par wajib hoga to uski kaifiyat seekhna bhi fauri taur par wajib hoga aur agar koi amal taakheer say wajib hoga ( jaisay keh Hajj ) to uski kaifiyat seekhna bhi taakheer say hi wajib hoga,
albattah nikah, khareed-o-firokhat aur tamaam mu’amilaat kay masaail har aik par seekhna wajib nahi, balkay un mein say jo shakhs kuch karna chahta hoga sirf ussi par seekhna wajib hoga.

baaz auqaat ilm-e-fiqah hasil karna farz-e-kifayah hota hai, aur woh yeh hai keh jis kay baghair iqaamat-e-deen kay liye logon kay pass koi charah na ho, masalan Quran, Ahadith aur un kay uloom ko hifaz karna.
baaz auqaat ilm-e-fiqah hasil karna nafli bhi hota hai, us mein woh tamaam uloom-o-adillah shamil hain jo farz-e-kifayah ki miqdaar say zaaid hain, neez awaam-un-naas ka amal ki gharz say nafli ibadaat seekhna bhi is mein shamil hai.

maaloom huwa keh un tamaam masaail mein idraak-o-faham hasil karna ( jo insaan par farz hain ) nihaayat zaruri hai, is liye koshish-o-mihnat kar kay unhain seekh lena chahiye, aur yaqeenan ilm-e-fiqah hasil karnay wala shakhs Allah ta’aala ki taraf say khair-o-barkat ka mustahaq bhi hai, jaisa keh nabi ﷺ nay irshad farmaya

( من يردالله به خيرا يفقهه في الدين)

Allah ta’aala jis kay sath bhalayi ka iradah Farmatay hain usay deen ki samajh ata farma detay hain,(3)

 

(1)_[ “sahih” Ibn-e-Majah (184) باب فضل العلماء والحث علی طلب العلم
Ibn-e-Majah (224) ]
(2)_[ al-majmoo’u 1/24 ], [ haashiyah Ibn-e-aabideen 1/26 ]
(3)_[ sahih-ul-bukhari: 71, kitab-ul-ilmi, baab من يردالله به خيرا يفقهه في الدين ]

 

REFERENCE:

BOOK: Duraral Bahiyah “Imam Shawkaani” Fiqh-o-Hadeeth
Tahqeeq: Allamah Nasir Uddin Albani Rahimahullah
Urdu Tarjumah Tarteeb-o-Taleef by : Haafiz Imraan Ayub lahori.

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