12. SOOD KHAANA [Usury]
Sood
Allah Tala ne farmaya:
يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تَاۡكُلُوا الرِّبٰٓوا اَضۡعَافًا مُّضٰعَفَةً ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُوۡنَۚ ۞
( ال عمران/ 3:13 )
“Ae Emaan walo! Tum sood na khao ( keh asal mein mil kar ) dugna, chugna ( hojae ) aur Allah se daro tak’keh tum kamiyab raho.”
Aur Allah Tala ne farmaya:
اَلَّذِيۡنَ يَاۡكُلُوۡنَ الرِّبٰوا لَا يَقُوۡمُوۡنَ اِلَّا كَمَا يَقُوۡمُ الَّذِىۡ يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيۡطٰنُ مِنَ الۡمَسِّؕ ذٰ لِكَ بِاَنَّهُمۡ قَالُوۡۤا اِنَّمَا الۡبَيۡعُ مِثۡلُ الرِّبٰوا ۘ وَاَحَلَّ اللّٰهُ الۡبَيۡعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبٰوا ؕ (البقرة: 2/275)
“ Wo log jo sood khate hain wo ( Qayamat kay din) us shakhs ki tarah ( apne paon par ) khare na ho sakenge jisse shaitan ne chuu kar deewana kar diya ho, ye unhe is baat ki saza hai keh unho ne kaha: khareed o farokht bhi tou sood hi ki tarah hai.”
Ya’ani Sood bhi halal hai. Pas Allah ki haram karda cheez ko unho ne halal qarar de liya. Jab Allah Tala Roz e qayamat logon ko uthaega tou sood khouron kay siwa baqi log bari tezi se apni qabron se niklenge, wo khare honge, gir parenge, jaise wo shakhs khara hota hai jisse mirgin ka doura parta ho, jab bhi wo khara hota hai tou gir jata hai kyun keh jab wo duniya mein haram sood khate the, Allah ne usse un kay pait mein barha diya hatta keh un ko Roz e qayamat saqeel kar diya. Pas jab bhi wo khara hona ka irada karenge tou gir parenge aur wo logon kay sath jaldi karne ki koshish o irada karenge lekin wo Qudrat nahi paenge. Qatada رحمه الله ne bayan kiya: Sood khour Roz e qayamat deewane ki sorat mein khara hoga, ye Sood khour ki alamat wa nishani hogi. Hashar kay maidan mein log un ki us nishani se unhe pehchan lenge.
Abu Saeed Khudri رضي الله عنه se riwayat hai keh Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya:
Jab mujhe mairaj karai gai tou main ek qaum kay pas se guzra, un kay pait un kay aage (nikle hue) the, un mein se har shakhs ka pait bare Ghar ki tarah tha. Un kay pait Aale firaun ki guzargah par musalsal jhuke hue honge aur Aale firaun subha wa sham aag par paish kie jate hain, wo (Sood khor) shikast khoordah oont ki tarah aenge, wo sunte honge na samajhte, pas jab ye paiton wale un (Aale firaun) ko aate hue mehsus karenge tou woh khare ho kar apne pait hatane ki koshish karenge lekin woh wahan se hat nahin sakenge hatta keh Aale firaun unko dhanp lenge aur woh aate jate unhen rondenge aur unka ye azab Dunia wa akhirat kay darmian aalame barzakh mein hoga “
Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jibrael! Yeh kon log hain? Unhon ne kaha: yeh woh log hain jo Sood khor the, yeh us shakhs ki tarah (apne paun par) khare na ho sakenge jise shaitan ne choo kar deewana kar dia ho” [1]
Aur ek riwayat mein hai: aap ne farmaya: jab mujhe mairaj karai gai tou main ne saatwen aasman mein apne sar kay upar karak aur garaj suni aur main ne kuch aadmi dekhe un kay pait makanon ki tarah aage nikle hue the Jin mein saanp aur bichu the aur woh un kay pait kay bahar se Nazar arahe the, main ne kaha: Jibrael! yeh kon log hain? Unhon ne kaha: yeh Sood khor hain” [2]
Abdur Rahman bin Mas’ood رضي الله عنه apne walid se riwayat karte hain: jab kisi basti mein Zina aur Sood aam hojata hai tou Allah uski halakat ka hukum farma deta hai[3]
Umar رضي الله عنه se marfoo’an marwi hai “jab log dirhamo deenar mein masroof ho jaen, Bai’ ainah karne lagen, bailon ki dumen pakar len aur Allah ki raah mein jihad karna tark kar den tou Allah un par
| [1] yeh abu Haroon Al abadi an abi Saeed ki sanad se marwi hai, Abu Haroon ka nam ammarah bin jaween hai, yeh aimmah kay nazdeek za’eef hai [2] imam Ahmed aur Ibne Majah ne Ali bin Zaid an abis salt an abi Hurairah ki sanad se riwayat kia hai, Ali bin Zaid Jo keh Ibne jad’aan hai uski taz’eef mein bohot Kalam kia gaya hai [3] Abu Y’ala ne ise jayyad sanad kay Sath riwayat kia hai |
Azab nazil farmaega aur jab tak wo Apne Deen ki taraf na aen, wo azab un se nahi uthaya jaega”. [Abu Dawood]
Aur Ap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jis qoum mein Sood aam hojae tou un mein deewangi aam hojati hai, jis qoum mein zinna aam hojata hai tou un mein maut aam hojati hai aur jo qoum naap tool mein kami karti hai tou Allah un se barish rook leta hai”.
[Ibn-e-Majah’ Bazar]
Aur aik taweel Hadith mein hai:
“Sood khour ko us ki maut se le kar Roz e qayamat tak surkh nehr mein terne ki sorat mein azab diya jaega, jo keh khoon ki misil hogi. Wo pathar niglega aur ye wo haram maal hai jo us ne duniya mein jama kiya tha, wo us mein mushaqqat bardasht karega. Wo aag kay pathar niglega jaise us ne haram nigla tha, aur wo maal haram hoga jaise duniya mein jama kiya tha, ye Qayamat kay din se pehle un kay liye barzakhi azab hai aur us kay sath sath us kay liye Allah ki lanat hai.” [Bukhari]
Jaisa keh Rasool Allah ﷺ se sahih sabit hai keh Ap ne farmaya:
“Chaar qisam kay log hain jin kay bare Allah par haq hai keh wo unhe Jannat mein dakhil karega na unhe us ki Naimaton ka maza chakhaega: adi sharab nosh, sood khour, maal e yateem ko na haq khane wala aur apne Waldain ka nafarman, magar ye keh wo touba kar len”.
Ye bhi warid hai keh Sood khour, Sood khane kay liye heela saazi karne ki wajah se, kutton aur khinzeeron ki sorat mein uthae jaenge. Jaisa keh Ashaab-e-Sabt (hafte kay din walon) ki shakalon ko maskh kar diya gaya tha, jab unho ne machliyan pakarne kay bare mein heela saazi ki jab Allah ne unhe hafte kay din un kay shikaar karne se man’a farmaya tha. Unho ne machliyon kay liye talaab bana liye, hafte kay roz machliyan un mein ajati aur wo itwaar kay roz unhe pakar lete. Pas Jab unhon ne yeh kaha tou Allah ta’ala ne unhen bandar aur khinzeer bana dia.
Isi tarah Jo log Sood kay baare mein mukhtalif heelon kay zarie heela saazi karte hain, yaqeenan Allah par un heela sazon ka koi heela makhfi nahin. Ayyub Sukhtiani ne kaha: wo Allah ko dhoka dene ki koshish karte hain, jis tarah woh kisi bache ko dhoka dete hain aur agar woh zahiran uska irtikab karte tou un kay lie asan hota aur aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Sood kay 70 baab hain, un mein se sab se halka yeh hai keh aadmi apni maan se nikah kare aur sab se bara soodi baaab ye hai keh aadmi apne musalman Bhai ki izzat par hamla kare” [Tabrani fil ausat]
Anas رضي الله عنه bayan karte hain, RasullAllah ﷺ ne hamen khutba irshad farmaya tou Sood ka zikar kia aur uski sangeeni kay baare mein bataya tou farmaya:
“Aadmi Jo dirham Sood kay zarie hasil karta hai woh Islam mein 36 martabah Zina karne se bhi ziadah sangeen hai” [Ibne abi Dunia; Baihiqi munzari ne is kay za’eef hone ki taraf ishara kia hai]
Aur aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Sood kay 70 gunah hain un mein se kamtar gunah yeh hai keh aadmi apni maan se jimaa’ kare” [Ibne Majah, Baihiqi]
Aur ek riwayat mein hai:
“Un mein se kamtar gunah yeh hai keh aadmi apni maan se nikah kare “
Abu Bakr Siddique رضي الله عنه ne farmaya:
“Zaaid dene wala aur zaaid lene wala Jahannumi hain”
Ham Allah se aafiat mangte hain.
FASAL
Ibne Mas’ood رضي الله عنه ne farmaya:
“Jab Tum ne kisi shakhs se qarz lena ho aur woh tumhen koi tohfa paish kare tou use qubool na karo, kyun keh woh Sood hai.
Hasan Basri ne farmaya:
“Jab Tum ne kisi shakhs se qarz lena ho tou tum us kay Ghar se jo khaoge woh Haram hoga”
Aur yeh Aap ﷺ kay farman se hai:
“Har woh qarz Jo nafa’ khench lae woh Sood hai”
Ibne Mas’ood رضي الله عنه ne farmaya:
“Jis shakhs ne kisi kay Haq mein sifarish ki aur woh use koi tohfa paish kare tou woh Haram hai”
RasullAllah ﷺ kay farman se iski tasdeeq hoti hai:
“Jis shakhs ne kisi kay Haq mein sifarish ki aur us ne use tohfa paish kia aur us ne use qubool karlia tou woh Sood kay darwazon mein se ek bare darwaze par aya”
[ “As sughra” mein yeh izafa fazal kia: “7 mohlikat se bacho” Sood khane ko un mein zikar kia (muttafaq alaih)]
Pas ham Allah se deeno Dunia aur akhirat mein afwo darguzar aur aafiat ka sawal karte hain
Aur Aap ﷺ ne farmaya: “Allah Sood khane aur khilane wale par la’anat farmae” (Muslim,Tirmidhi)
Aur yeh izafa naqal kia:
“Us kay donon gawahon aur us kay likhne wale par”
Aur aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
Sood khane wala, khilane wala, uska likhne wala jab unhen is kay muta’alliq ma’lum ho tou woh Roz-e-Qayamat Muhammad ﷺ ki zaban par la’anati hain
REFERENCE:
Book: “Kabeerah Gunah”
Taleef: Shaikh Ul Islam Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī Rahimahullah.
Urdu Tarjumah: Abu Anas Muhammad Sarwar Gohar.
12. Accepting Usurious Gain
Allah, the Almighty, says,
{O ye who believe! Devour not usury, doubled and multiplied; but fear Allah; that ye may (really) prosper.}
(AI-Imran: 130)
The Qur’an also states, {Those who devour usury will not stand except as stands one whom the Satan by his touch hath driven to madness that is because they say, ‘trade is like usury, ” but Allah has permitted trade and forbidden usury.}
(AI-Baqarah: 275)
On the Day of Judgement they will be resurrected from their graves swerving like he who is seized by Satan owing to what they devoured of usury that grew in their stomachs to such an extent that they would hardly be able to move. Whenever they move they fall and cannot hasten their steps like all other people.
Qatada said, “On the Day of Judgement the usurer will be resurrected mad. Thus, all the people in the assembly will be able to identify them easily.”
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“When I was transported from the Sacred House (of Mecca) to the farthest Mosque (of Jerusalem), I passed by some people whose bellies were protruding forward. Their bellies were as huge as houses,stretching along the way of Pharaoh’s people. On the other hand, the Pharaoh’s people have to be brought in front of Fire at morning and evening. Like defeated camels, deaf and mad, the people of Pharaoh used to pass by them. Feeling them coming, they attempted to keep aside but their bellies were so heavy that they could not leave and they in turn, were trodden by them. This is re-occurred in their coming and going every day. That is their lot of torture in the period of the Barrier (AI-Barzakh) up to the Last day. The Prophet asked, “Who are they, Gabriel?” He replied, “They are those who devour usury will not stand except as stands one whom the Satan, by his touch, hath driven to madness.”¹
[¹Reported by Al-Baihiqi in the book of ‘Evidence of Prophethood on the authority of Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri]
It was related that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“When I was taken tip in the Ascent (Mi’raj), I heard thunder and blasts in the seventh heaven. Then, I saw some men whose bellies were as big as houses protruding forward, in which there were serpents and scorpions seen from beneath their bellies. I then, asked, ‘Who are they, Gabriel?’ He said, ‘They are those who devour usury.”¹
Abdur-Rahman Ibn Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud said,
“When usury and fornication appear in a community, the people of that community render themselves deserving of the punishment of Allah.”²
[²Reported by Al-Hakim who said this hadith has a good chain of transmission]
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“Whenever usury appears in a community, there will be madness. Whenever fornication appears in a community, there will be death. Whenever fraud in measure and weight appears in a community, there will be deprivation of rain.”³
“The usurer suffers the torture from death up to the Day of Judgement by swimming in the Red River which is like blood and he is fed while swimmingly stones.”⁴
The stones represent the unlawful wealth he has collected in the world. He is also fed by stones (It was narrated before.) of fire like what he has swallowed of unlawful wealth in the world. This is his lot of torture in the period of Barrier before the Day of Judgement in addition to the curse of Allah.
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“Four classes of people will be prevented from entering Paradise nor will they taste its blessing as Allah decreed: the intoxicant, the usurer, the one who appropriates the orphan’s property without a lawful cause and the one who was disobedient to his parents if they did not repent all.”⁵
[⁵Reported by AI-Hakim who said this hadith has a good chain of transmission]
It was narrated that the usurers will be resurrected in the form of dogs and pigs since they contrived for devouring usury like the people of Sabath who contrived for hunting fish by making basins in which the fish were trapped on Saturday and then were collected on Sunday. Therefore, they were turned into monkeys and pigs. Similarly, this will be the abode of those who contrive for devouring usury. However, Allah knows all what they contrive. Abu Ayub As-Sakhtiani says.” Behold! They deceive in the same manner when deceiving a child.”
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“Usury has seventy two doors, the least of them is compatible with committing adultery with one’s mother.The most heino[{s kind of usury is to transgress by defaming one’s brother.”⁶
[⁶Postulated by AI-Haith ami in Majma’ Al-Zawa’id]
Anas related, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) preached us and expounded the question of usury by saying,
“One Dirham gained by usury is more heinous than thirty six times of adultery at the sight of Allah.”¹
[¹Reported by Ibn Abi Dunya]
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“Usury is of seventy sins, the least of which is compatible with committing adultery with one’s mother.”²
Abu Bakr said, “He who takes the interest and the giver are in the Hell-Fire alike.”
Ibn Mas’ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “When indebting someone, you should not accept his gift since it is usury.” Moreover, AI-Hasan, may Allah be pleased with him, regarded what you ate in your indebted house as Suht (taking of usury or bribes.)
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“When a loan renders an interest it is subsumed under usury.”³
[³Postulated by Ibn Hajar in :41-Matalib AI-Aliyyah’ and he said it has a missing transmission]
Ibn Mas’ud also said, “Whoever intercedes for someone, and then is offered a gift, it is considered Suht.”
This is indicated in the following hadith:
“Whoever intercedes’ (for someone) and is then offered a gift, then he approaches a grievous door of usury.”⁴
[⁴Reported by Abu Dawud and Ahmad]
We ask Allah’s pardon and soundness in the religion, the world and the Hereafter.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “MAJOR SINS” OF IMAM SHAMSU ED-DEEN DHAHABI.
Distributed by : www.islambasics.com