41. TAQDEER KO JHUTLANA [Denial of the Devine Decree]
TAQDEER KO JHUTLANA
Allah ta’ala ne farmaya:
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَٰهُ بِقَدَرٍ
“Ham ne har cheez ko aik andaze par paida kia”
Al-Qamar 54 : 49
Ibne Jauzi ne apni tafseer mein farmaya: is kay sabab kay nuzool mein 2 qaul hain:
(1) Mushrikeen RasullAllah ﷺ kay pas ae tou woh taqdeer kay baare mein aap se jhagarne lage tou phir yeh ayat nazil hui, Imam Muslim iski riwayat mein munfarid hain
Abu Umama ne farmaya keh yeh ayat Qadaria kay baare mein nazil hui [1]
(2) Najran ka padri RasullAllah ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hua tou us ne kaha:
Ae Muhammad ﷺ tumhara zo’am hai keh gunah taqdeer kay mutabiq hote hain halan keh aisa nahin hai, aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Tum Allah se jhagra karne wale ho” [2]
Tou yeh ayaat nazil hui:
إِنَّ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ فِى ضَلَٰلٍ وَسُعُرٍ۞يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى ٱلنَّارِ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا۟ مَسَّ سَقَرَ۞إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَٰهُ بقدر۞
“Beshak gunahgar log ghalti aur junoon mein pare hain, jis din won munh kay bal aag mein ghaseete jaenge, (unse kaha jaega) ab aag ka maza chakho , ham ne har cheez ko aik andaze kay mutabiq paida kia hai”
Al-Qamar 54 : 47-49
Umar bin khattab RasullAllah ﷺ se riwayat karte hain, aap ne farmaya:
Jab Allah roze Qayamat tamam aglon pichlon ko jama karega, aik munadi ko hukum farmaega tou woh aik awaz lagaega jisko sab agle pichle sun lenge, Allah se jhagra karne wale kahan hain? Tou Qadaria khare honge pas un kay baare mein Jahannum ki taraf le jane ka hukum dia jaega”
Allah farmaega:
يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى ٱلنَّارِ عَلَىٰ وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا۟ مَسَّ سَقَرَ۞إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَٰهُ بِقَدَرٍ۞
“Ab aag ka maza chakho , ham ne har cheez ko aik andaze kay mutabiq paida kia hai”
Al-Qamar 54 : 48-49
Unhen Allah se jhagra karne wale islie kaha gaya hai keh woh is masle kay baare mein sab se jhagra karte the keh is tarah jaaiz nahin keh ma’siat ko bande par muqaddar kardia jae phir us par use azab dia jae.
Hisham bin Hassaan ne Hasan se riwayat kia unhon ne farmaya: Allah ki Qasam! Agar Qadaria aqeede ka shakhs roza rakhta hai hatta keh woh (sookh kar) rassi ki tarah hojae phir namaz parhe hatta keh woh kaman ki taant ki tarah hojae tou Allah usko us kay chehre kay bal Jahannum mein ondhe munh dakhil karega phir use kaha jaega aag ka maza chakho, beshak ham ne har cheez ko aik andaze kay mutabiq paida kia hai
Ibne Umar ne farmaya RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Har cheez andaze kay mutabiq hai hatta keh ijzo danai”
Ibne Abbas رضي الله عنهما ne farmaya: ham ne har cheez ko aik andaze kay mutabiq paida kia hai, woh us kay wuqoo’ pazeer hone se pehle lauhe mehfuz mein maktoon hai Allah ta’ala ne farmaya:
وَٱللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ۞
“Halan keh Allah ne tum ko aur jo tum banate ho sab ko paida kia hai”
As-Saaffat 37 : 96
Ibne jareer ne farmaya:
Is mein do jihaten hain:
(1) yeh keh masdar kay ma’aani mein ho to ma’aani hoga: Allah ne tumko aur tumhare Amal ko paida kia
(2) yeh keh الذي kay ma’aani mein ho, tou phir yeh ma’aani hoga, Allah ne tumko aur jis cheez ko tum apne hathon se, asnaam waghera banate ho, ko paida kia aur is ayat mein is par daleel hai keh bandon kay af’aal makhlooq hain, والله أعلم
Aur Allah ta’ala ne farmaya:
فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَىٰهَا۞
“Phir bad kaari aur parhezgari donon ki samajh ataa ki”
Ash-Shams 91 : 8
Ilhaam ka ma’aani hai kisi cheez ko dil mein daal dena
Saeed bin Jubair ne farmaya: “uski bad kaari aur parhezgari us par lazim kardi”
Ibne Zaid ne farmaya: apni taufeeq se use taqwa ataa kia aur use gunahon kay lie be- yaro madadgar chor dia والله أعلم
Hadith mein RasullAllah ﷺ se sabit hai keh aap ne farmaya:
“Bila shak Allah ne aik qaum par ehsan kia tou un kay dil mein khairo bhalai daal di aur unhen apni rehmat mein dakhil farma dia aur aik qaum ko azmaish mein dala tou unhen tanha chor dia aur un kay af’aal par unki muzammat ki aur unko jo azmaya woh us kay siwa kisi aur ki taqat nahin rakhte pas us ne unhen azab se do chaar kar dia halan keh woh aadil hai”
لَا يُسْـَٔلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْـَٔلُونَ۞
“Woh jo kuch karta hai, uski koi baaz purs nahin, jab keh in logon se baaz purs hogi”
Al-Anbiya 21 : 23
Maaz bin Jabal bayan karte hain RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Allah ne jis bhi Nabi ko bheja tou uski ummat mein Qadaria aur murjia the aur Allah ne 70 anbia’ ki zaban par Qadaria aur murjia par la’anat farmai”
Ayesha رضي الله عنها bayan karti hain RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Qadaria is ummat kay majoosi hain” [4]
Ibne-Umar bayan karte hain RasulAllah (ﷺ) ne farmaya:
“Har ummat kay majoosi hue aur us ummat kay majoosi qadariya hain’ jo guman karte hain keh qadar koi cheez nahi.” [3]
Aur ye keh mamla ibtida se chala araha hai ( Allah ka us par koi ikhtiyar waqza nahi) farmaya:
“Jab tum un se milo tou kaho: keh main un se bezaar hon aur wo mujh se mujh se bezaar o lataluq hain.”
Phir farmaya:
“Us zaat ki qasam jis kay hath mein Meri jaan hai’ agar un mein se kisi kay pas Ahad ki misil Sona hua aur wo usse Allah ki raah mein kharch kar de tou wo us se maqbool nahi kiya jaega hatta keh wo taqdeer kay khair o sharr par emaan lae.”
Phir Hadith Jibreel aur un ka Nabi (ﷺ) se sawal karne ka zikar hai farmaya: “Emaan kia hai?”
Ap (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “ye keh to Allah’ us kay farishte’ us ki kitaabon aur us kay Rasull par Emaan lae aur to taqdeer kay khair o sharr par Emaan lae.”
Ap ka farmana:
(( ان تؤمن بالله ))
“ye keh to Allah par Emaan lae.” Allah par Emaan lane se murad hai’ tasdeeq karna keh wo Subhanahu wa ta’ala moujood hai’ sifaat jalaal o kamal kay sath mousoof aur sifaat nuqs se munza hai. Aur ye keh wo yakta’ be Niyaz’ tamam makhloqat ka khaliq hai’ wo is mein jaise chahta hai tassaruf karta hai aur apni badshahat mein jo chahta hai karta hai. Aur farishton par Emaan lane se murad hai’ tasdeeq karna keh wo Allah kay bande’ Obood hain.
وَقَالُوا۟ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ وَلَدًا ۗ سُبْحَٰنَهُۥ ۚ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ۞لَا يَسْبِقُونَهُۥ بِٱلْقَوْلِ وَهُم بِأَمْرِهِۦ يَعْمَلُونَ۞
“Balkeh wo us kay mu’aziz bande hain aage barh kar kalam nahi karte aur wo us kay hukum par amal karte hain.”
Al-Anbiya 21: 26-27
يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ٱرْتَضَىٰ وَهُم مِّنْ خَشْيَتِهِۦ مُشْفِقُونَ۞
“Woh janta hai jo kuch un kay aage hai aur jo kuch un kay pehle ho chuka aur woh kisi ki shafa’at nahin kar sakte, siwae us shakhs kay jis se Allah Khush ho aur woh uski haibat se darte rehte hain”
Al-Anbiya 21 : 28
Aur Rasoolon par iman Lana woh tasdeeq karna hai keh unhon ne Allah ta’ala ki taraf se jo kuch bataya hai woh us mein sache hain Allah ne mo’ajzat kay zarie unki taaid ki jo un kay sidq par dalalat hain aur yeh keh unhon ne Allah ki taraf se uski risalat ko pohoncha dia aur Allah ne unko jis cheez ka hukum dia usko mukallifeen kay lie wazeh kardia aur yeh keh unka ehteram wajib hai aur yeh keh un mein se kisi mein farq na kia jae
Yaume akhirat par iman lana, Qayamat kay din aur woh jo maut kay ba’ad dobara jee uthne, hashro hisab, meezan, pul sirat aur jannato jahannum jese marahil par mushtamil hai, ki tasdeeq karna aur yeh keh woh donon is kay sawabo iqab kay lihaz se naiko kaaron aur bad kaaron ka ghar hai aur is kay elawa jo sahih taur par manqool hai uski tasdeeq karna aur taqdeer par iman lana, uski jo pehle bayan ho chuka, uski tasdeeq karna hai aur iska hasil woh hai jis par Allah ta’ala ka yeh farman dalalat karta hai:
وَٱللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ۞
“Halan keh Allah ne tumko aur jo tum banate ho sabko paida kia”
As-Saaffat 37 : 96
Aut Allah ka yeh farman:
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَٰهُ بِقَدَرٍ۞
“Ham ne har cheez ko aik andaze par paida kia”
Al-Qamar 54 : 49
Aur isi se Ibne Abbas se marwi hadith mein aap ﷺ ka farman muta’alliq hai:
“Jan lo, agar Puri ummat tumhen koi faida pohonchane kay lie ikatthi hojae tou woh tumhen is kay siwa koi faida nahin pohoncha sakte jo Allah ne tere muta’alliq likh dia hai aur agar woh is bat par jama’ hojaen keh woh tumhen kuch nuqsan pohoncha saken , tou woh tumhen is kay siwa koi nuqsan nahin pohoncha sake jo Allah ne tere lie likh dia hai, qalmen utha li gai hain aur register khushk ho chuke hain”
Salafe saulieheen aur aimmahe khalf ka yeh mazhab hai keh jis shakhs ne in umoor ki pukhta tasdeeq ki, jis mein koi shak ho na taraddud, tou woh Sacha momin hai , khuwah yeh qata’i dalail se ho ya ai’teqadate jazimah se
والله أعلم
FASAL
Taba’een, aimmahe muslimeen wa salaf aur fuqahae amsaar kay 70 afraad ka is par ijmaa’ hai keh woh sunnato dastoor jis par RasullAllah ﷺ ne wafat paai, uski pehli bat yeh hai : Allah ki qazao qadar par Raza, us kay hukum ko tasleem karna, us kay hukum kay tehet sabar karna, Allah ne jis Kam ka hukum dia hai use baja lana aur jis se Allah ne mana kia hai usse ruk Jana, Allah ta’ala kay lie Amal mein ikhlas paida karna, taqdeer kay acha bura hone par iman lana, deen kay baare mein behso mubahise aur larai jhagron ko tark kar dena, jurabon par masah karna, har naiko bad khalifah kay sath mil kar jihad karna aur agar ehle qibla mein se koi shakhs faut hojae tou uski namaze janazah parhna
AL-IMAN:
Qaul, amal aur niyat (ka nam) hai, ita’at se ziadah hota hai aur ma’siat se kam hota hai, Quran Allah ta’ala ka kalam hai jise Jibrael عليه السلام us kay Nabi ﷺ par le kar nazil hue, woh Quran ghair makhlooq hai (balkeh woh Allah ki sifte kalam hai) badshah kay jhande tale sabar karna, khuwah woh jesa bhi ho aadil ho ya zalim, ham umara kay khilaf talwar le kar nahin niklenge khuwah woh zulm karen, ham ehle qibla mein se kisi ko kafir qarar nahin denge khuwah woh kabeera gunahon ka irtikab karen, illa yeh keh woh unhen halal tasawwur karen, ham ehle qibla mein se kisi ko uski naiki ki wajah se jannati nahin kahenge illa yeh keh Nabi ﷺ ne us kay baare mein (jannati hone ki) gawahi di ho, RasullAllah ﷺ kay Sahabah kiram kay Mabain hone wale tanazo’at par khamoshi ikhtiyar karenge, RasullAllah ﷺ kay ba’ad mein sab se Afzal Abu Bakr, phir Umar phir Usman aur phir Ali رضي الله عنهم hain, aur ham Nabi ﷺ ki tamam azwaj, apki aulad aur ap kay Sahabah kiram رضي الله عنهم أجمعين kay lie rehmat ki Dua karte hain.
Faida:
logon ki kuch aisi baten hain jo keh kufur hain , ulama ne iski sarahat ki hai, un mein se kuch yeh hai keh agar kisi ne Allah kay asma mein se kisi nam ya us kay amar ya us kay wade ya uski wa’eed ka mazaq kia tou us ne kufur kia khuwah woh kahe agar Allah mujhe Yun hukum kare tou main nahin karunga us ne kufur kia , agar qibla us taraf ho jae tou main namaz nahin parhunga us ne kufur kia agar use kaha jae yeh keh tum namaz na choro kyun keh Allah ta’ala tumhara mu’akhizah karega tou us ne kaha agar us ne beemari ya takleef ki wajah se namaz chori aur us kay bawajud us ne us wajah se mujhe pakar lia tou us ne mujh par zulm kia, yeh kufur hai
Agar us ne kaha agar anbia’ aur farishte bhi mere samne gawahi deden tou main phir bhi tasdeeq nahin karunga tou us kehne wale ne kufur kia, agar use kaha jae: apne nakhun tarash le kyun keh yeh sunnat hai aur woh kahe main nahin karunga khuwah yeh sunnat hi tou us ne kufur kia, agar us ne kaha woh meri nazron mein yahudi ki tarah hai us ne kufur kia , agar us ne kaha bila shak Allah insaf kay lie betha hai ya insaf kay lie khara hai us ne kufur kia, aur is tarah aya hai jis ne kisi musalman se kaha Allah tumhara khatma khairo bhalai par na kare ya tumhara iman salb kar le us ne kufur kia, aur Yun bhi aya hai keh jis ne kisi insan se qasam talab ki aur us ne Allah ki Qasam uthane ka iradah kia tou us shakhs ne kaha: Mera iradah hai keh tum talaq ki Qasam uthao tou us ne kufur kia , unhon ne us shakhs ki bat mein ikhtilaf kia hai jis ne kaha: tumhare lie meri ru’yat maut ki ru’yat ki tarah hai, un mein se ba’az ne kaha hai keh uski takfeer ki jaegi agar us ne kaha: agar fulan shakhs Nabi hota tou main us par iman na lata, us ne kufur kia, agar us kaha: agar us ne jo kaha hai woh us mein Sacha hai ham ne nijat paai us ne kufur kia, agar us ne mazaq kay taur par ya jaaiz samajhte hue bila wuzu namaz parhi tou us ne kufur kia agar do aadmion kay mabain jhagra ho jae un mein se aik ne kaha
((لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله))
Aur dosre ne kaha:
((لا حول ولوة إلا بالله))
Mujhe bhook se kifayat’ be niyaz nahi karta tou us ne kufur kiya. Agar wo Mozin ki azan se sune aur kahe keh ye jhoot bolta hai tou us ne kufur kiya.
Agar wo kahe’ main qayamat se nahi darta’ us ne kufur kiya’ agar wo apna saman rakhe aur kahe: main ne usse Allah kay supurd kiya’ tou kisi admi ne usse kaha: tum ne isse us kay supurd kiya hai jo chour ka peecha nahi karta’ us ne kufur kiya agar koi admi Khateeb kay mushabe buland jagah par bethe aur log mazaq kay andaaz mein us se sawal karen ya un mein se koi kahe: sareed (khane ki aik qisam) ka piyala ilm se behtar hai us ne kufur kiya aur agar Masaib se usse azmaya jae tou wo kahe: tum ne mera maal aur meri aulaad le li’ to (usse le kar) kia karega’ tou us ne kufur kiya agar us ne apne bete ya apne ghulam ko mara’ tou kisi admi ne usse kaha: kia tum Musalman nahi ho? Tou us ne umdan kaha nahi’ us ne kufur kiya agar wo tamanna kare keh Allah T’ala zinna ya qatal ya zulm ko haram qarar na deta tou us ne kufur kiya agar us ne apne wasat par rassi bandhi aur us se us kay mutaliq pocha gaya tou us ne kaha ye zinna rahe tou aksar Ulma ka khayal hai keh usse kafir qarar diya jaega. Agar bachon kay mu’alim ne kaha: Yahood Musalmanon se behtar hain kyun keh wo apne bachon kay mu’alimeen ko (maal o doulat waghera) dete hain’ tou us ne kufur kiya’ agar us ne kaha: Nasrani majoosi se behtar hai’ us ne kufur kiya. Agar kisi admi se kaha jae Emaan kia hai? Us ne kaha main nahi janta us ne kufur kiya’ aur issi tarah kay na passandida aur bure alfaaz hain jaisa keh koi kahe: tera koi Deen nahi’ tera koi Emaan nahi’ tera koi yaqeen nahi’ to faajir hai’ to munafiq’ to zandeeq aur faasiq hai aur is tarah kay jo alfaaz hain sab haram hain’ aur is kay baais bande kay Emaan salb ho jane aur daimi jahannumi ban jane ka andesha hai.
Ham Allah Al-Mannan se us kay lutf o Karam kay zare’a darkhuwast karte hain keh wo hamen kitaab o sunnat kay aqeede par waffat de kyun keh wo Arhamur-Rahimeen hai.
*NASEEHAT:
Allah kay bando! Jinho ne khazane kiye aur jam’a kiye’ wo shahawat mein madhosh hogae aur Sair hogae , unhon ne baqa ki umeed rakhi aur unhon ne jo jo umeed laga rakhi thi usko na paa sake, un ki umren is cheez mein fana hogai jis se woh dhoke ka shikar rahe , woh kahan hain? Shaitan ne un kay lie khuwahishat kay jaal nasab kie aur woh un mein giriftar hogae, maut ka farishta un kay pas agaya tou woh zaleelo aajiz hogae us ne unko un kay gharon se nikal dia pas Allah ki Qasam! Woh wapas na aa sake , woh qabron mein juda juda hain, pas jab soor phoonka jaega tou woh jama’ honge
وكيف قرت لأهل العلم أعينهم
أو استلذوا لذيذ العيش أو هجعوا
والموت ينذرهم جهراً علانية
لو كان للقوم أسماع لقد سمعوا
والنار ضاحية لابد مـوردهم
وليس يدرون من ينجو ومن يقع
قدامست الطير و الأنعام آمنة
و النون في البحر لا يخشى لها فزع
والآدمى بهذا الكسب مرتهن
له رقيب على الأسرار يطلع
حتى يرى فيه يوم الجمع منفردا
و خصمه الجلد و الأبصار والسمع
وإذ يقومون والأشهاد قائمة
والجن والإنس والأملاك قد خشعوا
وطارت الصحف في الأيدى منتشرة
فيها السرائر والأخبار تطلع
فكيف بالنار و الأنباء واقفة
عما قليل وما تدرى بما تقع
أفى الجنان وفوز لا انقطاع له
أم في الجحيم فلا تبقى ولا تدع
تهوى بسكانها طوراً وترفعهم
إذا رجوا مخرجا من غمها قمعوا
طال البكاء فلم ينفع تضرعهم
هيهات لا رقية تغنى ولا جنزع
“Ehle ilm ki ankhen Kese Thandi hui kia unhon ne Zindagi ki lazzat se lazzat hasil ki ya woh rat ko soe”
“Maut alania taur par unhen agah kar rahi hai Kash keh qaum kay kaan hote tou woh sun leti”
“Aag zahir hai wahan unka warid hona lazmi amar hai lekin woh jante nahin keh kon nijat paega aur kon us mein waqe’ hoga”
“Parinde aur chaupae be-khauf hain jab keh machli samandar mein kisi khauf aur ghabrahat ka
Shikar nahin, aadmi us kasab (aa’mal) kay sabab girwi hai us kay asrar par aik nigran hai jo mutale’ rehta hai”
“Hatta keh woh hashar kay din dekhega keh woh munfarid hai jab keh jild, ankhen aur kaan us se jhagrenge”
“Jab woh khare honge aur gawahian lagengi tou jinno ins aur badshah dar rahe honge “
” Aa’mal naame hathon mein urr rahe honge aur woh khuli kitab honge, us mein saraairo akhbar nazar aenge”
“Aag ki kia kaifiat hogi , thori ho dair ba’ad khabron ka pata chal jaega kisi ko apne anjam ka pata nahin “
“Kia jannaton mein kamiabo kay sath jis mein inqita’ nahin ya Jahannum jis mein baqi rahega na chora jaega”
“Woh apne makeenon ko giraegi aur unhen upar uthaegi , jab woh us kay gham se nikalne ki umeed karenge tou unhen kuchal dia jaega “
“Woh rote rahenge lekin unka tazarro’ un kay kuch Kam na aega , haae afsos koi dam jhar kifayat karegi na jaza’ faza’
| [1] Ibne Adi, Ibne mardwia aur Ibne asakir waghera ne za’eef sanad se ise riwayat kia hai, as suyuti ne ad durul manthoor mein zikar kia hai [2] Ibne mardwia an Ibne Abbas (as suyuti) [3] Ibne Abi Asim ne Za’eef sanad kay sath riwayat kiya hai. [4] yeh aur Hadith sabiq in mein maqal (kalam kia gaya) hai, yeh zo’af ki wajah se sabit nahin |
REFERENCE:
Book: “Kabeerah Gunah”
Taleef: Shaikh Ul Islam Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī Rahimahullah.
Urdu Tarjumah: Abu Anas Muhammad Sarwar Gohar.
Disbelieving in Destiny (Qadar)
Allah Most High says,{Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure.}
(AI-Qamar: 49)
In his Tafsir, Ibn AI-Jawzi highlighted two views concerning the occasion of revelation of this verse.
The first view is reported by Muslim on the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the disbelievers of Mecca came to dispute with the Messenger of Allah concerning the Destiny, then the verse was revealed to refute their claims. Abu Umamah, however, is of the opinion that this verse was revealed concerning the so-called fatalism. The second view is that the bishop of Najran came to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and said, “O Muhammed! you claim that sins are predetermined by Allah, but this is a wrong attitude.”
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) replied, “You are the enemies of Allah.” Then the following verses were revealed {Truly those in sin are the ones in error and madness. The Day they will be dragged through the Fire on their faces, (they will hear.) taste ye the touch of Hell!’ Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure.}
(AI-Qamar: 47-49)
‘Umar Ibn al-Khattab said, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“On the Day of Judgment, Allah will gather the first and the last of people and then order a caller to say with a clear voice, where are the enemies of Allah?” The fatalists would stand whereupon they would be ordered to go to Hell.”¹
Allah says, {Taste ye the touch of Hell! Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure.} Those men are called the enemies of Allah because they dispute how Allah predetermines sins and then punishes the sinners thereby.”
Hisham Ibn Hassan commented, “By Allah if a fatalist observes continuous fasting until he becomes as thin as thread, or observes continuous Prayer until he becomes as faint as string, Allah would order him to be dragged through the Fire on his face and then say to him {taste the touch of Hell! “Verily all things Have We created in proportion and measure.}”²
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) the Prophet said, “Everything runs in accordance with Allah’s Destiny even the inability and intelligence.”³
Ibn ‘Abbas said, “All things have We created in proportion and measure and they are recorded in AI-Lawh AI-Mahfuz (The TabletPreserved).” Allah Most High says, {But Allah has created you and your hadiwork! }
(Al-saffat: 96)
| ¹Reported by Haithami. ²ZaddAl-Muyasar, vol 8, p. 102 ³Reported by Muslim. |
Ibn Jarir, in his commentary on this verse, said, “The verse is of two indications: First, it may mean that Allah has created you and what you make, i.e., idols.”
In Surah Ash-Shams, Allah Most High says, {And its inspiration as to its wrong and its right.}
(Ash-shams: 08)
Sa’id Ibn Jubair explained the meaning of this verse saying, {Allah implants in it the traits of good and the traits of evil.}
A hadith states,”Allah guides some people to the straight way and will grant them mercy. Whereas others go astray in accordance with Allah’s Destiny and therefore they will be decreed to Hell-fire with Allah’s Justice.”
Ibn Zaid stated, “Allah leads it to the way of righteousness or leaves it to go astray in the way of evil.”
Mu’adh Ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “There was no prophet sent to people by Allah but amongst his people there were Qadariyyah (fatalists) and Murji’ah (Postponers). Surely, Allah has cursed the Qadariyyah and Murji’ ah on the tongues of seventy prophets.”¹
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “The Qadiriyyah (fatalists j are the Magians of this Ummah.”²
Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Each Ummah has Magians and the Magains of this Ummah are those who deny the Destiny of Allah.” He added, “If one of them spent an amount of gold equal to Mount Uhud the way of Allah, Allah will never accept it from him until he believes in the divine Destiny, both the good and the evil thereof” Then he (pbuh) mentioned the hadith, when Jabril asked about Iman (Faith), “It is to believe in Allah, His angels,His books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, and to believe in the divine Destiny, both the good and the evil thereof .”³
“The belief in Allah” means to admit that He, Glorified and Exalted be He, is Existent and deserves all attributes of perfection. He is the One and Only, the Eternal, the Creator Who does what He wills.
“Belief in the angels” means to admit that they are devoted servants of Allah as the Glorious Qur’an illustrates,
{They are (but) servants raised to honor. They speak not before He speaks, and they act (in all things) by His command. He knows what is before them, and what is behind them, and they offer no intercession except for those with whom He is well-pleased and they stand in awe and reverence of His (glory).}
(Al-Anbiya'” 26-28)
| ¹Reported by Ibn Ibi’ Asim. ²Abu Dawud and Majah. ³Muslim and Abu Dawud. |
“Belief in the Messengers” means to admit that they were truthful men, and delivered what Allah revealed to them in totality. Allah Most High has supported them with miracles as proof of their truthfulness. We owe to them all reverence and make no distinction between them.
“Belief in the last Day” means to believe in the Day of Judgment, in the resurrection after death, is the Hashr (Gathering), in Paradise, in Hell-fire,… etc.
“Belief in the divine Destiny” means to believe in the aforementioned principles and ideas such as the reference in the verses:
{But Allah created you and your handiwork.}
(As-Saffat: 96)
{All things have We created in proportion and measure.}
(AI-Qamar: 49)
Belief in the divine Destiny comprises what was referred to in the Hadith of Ibn ‘ Abbas,
“Know that if the Nation were to gather together to benefit you with any thing, it would benefit you only with something that Allah had already prescribed for you, and if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only with something Allah has already prescribed for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried.”¹
Muslim scholars, in past and present, have agreed that whoever has unswerving faith in these principles, he will be a true believer.
Seventy Muslim scholars have agreed that the Sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh) includes: Belief in the divine Destiny, submission to the commands of Allah, patience, adherence to the lawful and abstaining from the unlawful, sincerity, the abhorrence of dispute in religion, Jihad, funeral Prayer, etc.
¹A part of a Hadith Reported by At-Tarmithi.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “MAJOR SINS” OF IMAM SHAMSU ED-DEEN DHAHABI.
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