32. Shab-e-Qadar Ki Fazilat; [كِتَابُ فَضْلِ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ]; Virtues of the Night of Qadr
32: Kitabu Fazle Lailatul Qadar
(Shab-e-Qadar Ki Fazilat Ka Bayan)
كِتَابُ فَضْلِ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ
❁ Baab 1: Shab-e-Qadar Ki Fazilat
Irshad-e-Baari Ta’ala Hai:
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ… أِلٰى آخِرِ السُوْرَةِ.
Beshak Ham Ne Quran Ko Shab-e-Qadar Mein Naazil Kiya Hai. Aur Aap Ko Kya Maaloom Ke Shab-e-Qadar Kya Hai…[1] Aakhir soorah tak.
Imam Ibne Uyaynah (رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّهُ) bayan karte hain ke Quran-e-Kareem mein jaha’n “وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ” hai wo Allah Ta’ala ne Aap (ﷺ) ko bataa diya hai aur jaha’n “وَمَا يُدْرِيْكَ”[2]hai wo Allah Ta’ala ne aap ko nahi bataaya.
[2014] Hazrat Abu Huraira (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai, wo Nabi (ﷺ) se bayan karte hain ke aap ne farmaya: “Jis ne imaan ke saath aur sawab ki niyyat se ramzan ke roze rakhe, uske guzishta gunah bakhsh diye jaate hain aur jis ne imaan ke saath aur sawaab ki niyyat se shab-e-qadar mein qiyaam diya uske bhi pehle gunah moaaf kar diye jaate hain”. Sulaiman bin Kaseer ne Zohri se riwayat karne mein Sufyan ki mataaba-at ki hai.[3]
❁ Baab 2: Ramzan Ki Aakhri Saat (7) Raato’n Mein Shab-e-Qadar Ko Talaash Karna
[2015] Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ke chand Sahaba Ikraam (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ) ko dauran-e-khwaab mein ramzan ki aakhri saat (7) raato’n mein shab-e-qadar dikhaai gai. Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “Main dekh raha hoo’n ke tumhare sab ke khwaab aakhri saat (7) raato’n par muttafiq ho gae hain, is liye jo usko talash karna chaahe wo aakhri saat (7) raato’n mein talaash kare”.[4]
[2016] Hazrat Abu Saeed Khudri (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai, unho’n ne farmaya ke ham ne Nabi (ﷺ) ke hamraah ramzan ke darmiyani ashre ka etekaaf kiya to aap beeswee’n (20) taareekh ki subah (etekaaf-gaah se) baahar tashreef laae aur ham se mukhatib hote hue farmaya: “Mujhe khwaab mein shab-e-qadar dikhai gai thi magar mujhe bhuladi gai”. Ya farmaya: “Main az-khud bhool gaya, lehaaza ab tum usey aakhri ashre ki taaq raato’n mein talash karo. Maine khwaab mein aisa dekha goya keechad mein sajda kar raha hoo’n, lehaaza jis shakhs ne mere saath etekaaf kiya tha wo waapas laut aae (aur etekaaf kare)”. Chunache ham waapas aagae aur us waqt aasmaan par baadal ka nishaan tak na tha, lekin achaanak baadal umad aaya aur itna barsa ke masjid ki chatt tapakne lagi aur wo khajoor ki shaakho’n se bani hui thi. Phir namaz khadi ki gai to maine Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ko keechad mein sajda karte hue dekha, yahaa’n take maine Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ki peshaani par mitti ke nishanaat dekhe.[5]
❁ Baab 3: Aakhri Ashre Ki Taaq Raato’n Mein Shab-e-Qadar Ko Talaash Karna
Uske Mutaalliq Hazrat Ubadah bin Saamit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se ek (1) hadees marwi hai.
[2017] Hazrat Ayesha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهَا) se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “Shab-e-qadar ko ramzan ke aakhri ashre ki taaq raato’n mein talash karo”.[6]
[2018] Hazrat Abu Saeed Khudri (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai, unho’n ne kaha ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ramzan ke darmiyan ashre mein etekaaf karte the. Jab beeswee’n (20th) raat guzar jaati aur ikeeswee’n (21st) raat ki aamad hoti to apne ghar waapas aajaate aur wo log bhi apne gharo’n ko waapas chale jaate jo aap ke saath etekaaf karte the. Phir ek (1) ramzan mein jab aap etekaaf se the to us raat bhi masjid mein muqeem rahe jis mein aap ki aadat ghar waapas aane ki thi. Aap ne wahaa’n logo’n ko khutba diya aur Allah Ta’ala ki marzi ke mutaabiq unhe’n kuch ahkaam bataae. Phir farmaya: “Main is doosre ashre mein etekaaf karta tha lekin ab mujh par waaze hua hai ke main aakhri ashre mein etekaaf karoo’n, is liye jo shakhs mere saath etekaaf mein raha hai, wo apni etekaaf-gaah mein rahe aur mujhe is raat “shab qadar” dikhai gai thi, phir wo bhala di gai, usey tum aakhri ashre mein aur uski taaq raato’n mein talash karo. Maine khwaab mein dekha ke main paani aur mitti mein sajda kar raha hoo’n”. Us raat khoob baadal kadka aur bohot baarish hui. Nabi (ﷺ) ki jaae namaz par masjid tapakne lagi. Ye ikeeswee’n (21st) raat thi. Meri ankho’n ne aap ko dekha ke aap subah ki namaz se faarigh hue to aap ki peshaani paani aur keechad se bhari hui thi.[7]
Faaeda: Ye mubaarak raat ramzan ke aakhri ashre ki taaq raato’n mein hoti hai aur ye har saal tabdeel hoti rehti hai. Usey kisi khaas taareekh ke saath mutaiyyan nahi kiya jaa sakta, nez ye ek (1) poshida raat hai aur us raat ke makhfi hone mein hikmat ye hai ke uski talaash ke liye koshish jaari rakhi jaae. Agar usey muaiyyan kar diya jaata to phir usi raat hi par iktefa kar liya jaata.[8] والله أعلم
[2019] Hazrat Ayesha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهَا) se riwayat hai, wo Nabi (ﷺ) se bayan karti hai ke aap ne farmaya: “(shab-e-qadar) talash karo”.[9]
[2020] Hazrat Ayesha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهَا) hi se riwayat hai, unho’n ne farmaya ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ramzan ke aakhri ashre mein etekaaf karte the aur farmate the: “Ramzan ke aakhri ashre mein sab-e-qadar talash karo”.[10]
[2021] Hazrat Ibne Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “Ramzan ke aakhri ashre mein shab-e-qadar talaash karo jabke nau (9) ya saat (7) ya paanch (5) raate’n baaqi reh jaae’n”.[11]
[2022] Hazrat Ibne Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) hi se riwayat hai, unho’n ne kaha ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ne farmaya: “Ye raat aakhri ashre mein hai, jabke nau (9) raate’n guzar jaae’n yaa saat (7) raate’n baaqi reh jaae’n”. Yaane shab-e-qadar ke mutalliq aap ne ye farmaya tha. Hazrat Ibne Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se ek (1) riwayat hai ke usey chaubeeswee’n (24th) raat mein talaash karo.[12]
Faaeda: “Chaubeeswee’n (24th) raat mein talaash karo”. Ibne Abbas ka ye qaul inhi alfaaz se kisi aur kitab mein hame’n nahi mil saka. Haafiz Ibne Hajar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ne Fath-ul-Baari mein Musand Ahmad ke hawaale se Ibne Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se ek (1) riwayat naqal ki hai. Ye riwayat Ibne Abbas (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se Musnad Ahmad: V1 P255, Al Mojam-ul-Kabeer lit Tabarani: V11 P292 aur Musannaaf Ibne Abi Shaiba: V4 P120 mein mausoolan marwi hai aur us mein chaubeeswee’n (24th) raat ke bajaae te-eeswee’n (23rd) raat ke alfaaz hain. Is liye Fath-ul-Baari: V4 P333 mein “ليلة أربع و عشرين” ke alfaaz sahoo[13] hai.
❁ Baab 4: Logo’n Ke Jhagde Ki Binaa Par Shab-e-Qadar Ki Pehchaan Ka Uth Jaana
[2023] Hazrat Ubadah bin Saamit (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai, unho’n ne kaha ke Nabi (ﷺ) hame’n shab-e-qadar ki khabar dene ke liye tashreef laa rahe the ke do (2) musalman aapas mein jhagda karne lagey. Aap ne farmaya: “Main tumhe shab-e-qadar bataane ke liye baahar aaya tha, lekin falaa’n-falaa’n jhagad pade to uski maa’rifat[14] ko utha liya gaya aur ummeed hai ke tumhare haq mein yehi behtar hoga, lehaaza ab tum usey nawee’n (9th), saatwee’n (7th), aur paanchwee’n (5th) raat mein talaash karo”.[15]
Faaeda: Ulama-e-Hadees ne ahadees ki raushni mein shab-e-qadar ki kuch alamaat zikr ki hain. Chand-ek hasb-e-zel hain: | Shab-e-qadar ki subah ko soorat ke buland hone tak uski shuaa (شعاع)[16] nahi hoti wo thali ki maanind hota hai.[17] | Us mein chaand tuloo hota hai to bade thaal ke kinaare ki tarah maaloom hota hai.[18] | Wo raat badi motadil[19] hoti hai us mein garmi hoti hai na sardi, us subah ka sooraj is tarah tuloo hota hai ke uski surkhi madham hoti hai.[20] |Haafiz Ibne Hajar (رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّهُ) ne Ibne Abi Shaiba ke hawaale se likha hai ke us raat halki-halki hawaa chalti hai aur baarish bhi hoti hai, nez us raat shayateen ko shihaab-e-saaqib nahi maare jaate kyou’nke us raat itne farishte zameen par utarte hain ke shayateen unse dabak[21] jaate hain.[22] | Haafiz Ibne Hajar (رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّهُ) ne Tabari ke hawaale se likha hai ke us raat ek (1) ghadi aisi bhi aati hai ke tamaam darakht sajda-rez ho jaate hain aur Imam Bayhaqi ke hawaale se likha hai ke us raat namkeen paani meetha ho jaata hai, lekin in riwayaat ki istenaadi haisiyat intehaai kamzor hai.[23]
❁ Baab 5: Ramzan Ke Aakhri Ashre Mein Ibaadat Karna
[2024] Hazrat Ayesha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهَا) se riwayat hai, unho’n ne farmaya: Jab ramzan ka aakhri ashra hota hai to Nabi (ﷺ) (ibaadat ke liye) kamar-basta ho jaate, shab bedaari farmate aur apne ahle khana ko bhi bedaar rakhte the.
Faaeda: Maqsad ye hai ke aakhri ashra khoob ibaadat karte hue guzaara jaae. Rasoolullah (ﷺ) Is ashre mein apni biwiyo’n se alag ho jaate aur bistar ko lapet dete, khoob kamar-basta ho kar un raato’n ka ehtemaam karte. Hazrat Ayesha (رَضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهَا) bayan karti hain ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) aakhri ashre mein itni mehnat karte ke jitni doosre dino’n mein nahi karte the. Is koshish aur mehnat ki tafseel Imam Bukhari (رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّهُ) ki pesh-karda hadees mein bayan hui hai ke ibadat ke liye kamar-basta ho jaate, raat ko ibaadat karke usey zinda rakhte aur apne ahel-o-ayaal ko ibaadat ke liye bedaar karte. Hamaare yahaa’n bad-qismati se inferaadi ibaadat ke bajaae ijtemaai ibaadat ka ehtemaam kiya jaata hai, taaq raato’n mein taqareer aur duroos hote hain, saara ashra behtareen maakulaat[24] aur mashrubaat ke daur ke liye makhsoos kar diya jaata hai. Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ke uswa-e-hasana mein in cheezo’n ka nishaan tak nahi mila. Hame’n is aakhir ashre ke qeemti dino’n aur sunehri raato’n ko sokar ya khaane peene ya taqareer sunne mein zaae nahi karna chaahiye, balke infiraadi ibadaat ka khusoosi ehtemaam karna chaahiye. Is ashre mein do (2) amal Allah ke yahaa’n bohot buland muqaam rakhte hain, yaane etekaaf aur shab-e-qadar ki talaash.
[1] Surah Qadar: 1-5
[2] Surah al Ahzaab: 63; Surah ash Shura: 17; Surah Abasa: 3
[3] راجع: 35
[4] راجع: 1158
[5] راجع: 669
[6] Dekhiye: 2019 2020
[7] راجع: 669
[8] Fahul Baari: V4 P338
[9] راجع: 2017
[10] راجع: 2017
[11] Dekhiye: 2022
[12] راجع: 2021
[13] T: (سَہْو) Ghalati, bhook-chook, ghaflat [Rekhta]
[14] T: (مَعْرِفَت) Shanaakht, pehchaan, waaqfiyat [Rekhta]
[15] راجع: 49
[16] T: (شُعاع) (sooraj ki) raushni, kiran, tajalli, chamak-damak [Rekhta]
[17] Saheeh Muslim: Salat-ul-Musafireen: H1785(762)
[18] Saheeh Muslim: As Siyaam: H2779(1170)
[19] T: (مُعْتَدِل) Seedja, etedaal waala, etedaal pasand [Rekhta]
[20] Saheeh Ibne Khuzaima: V3 P231
[21] T: (دَبَک) Chupna, posheeda hona, dar ya daa’nt-dapat se sahem jaana [Rekhta]
[22] Fath-ul-Baari: V4 P330
[23] Sunan Ibne Maajja: As Saum: H1767
[24] T: (ماکُولات) khaane ki cheeze’n [Rekhta]