Qur’an ka Taruf

QUR’AN KA LUGHWI MA’ANE:

Allamah ki tahqeeq ke mutabiq lafz Qur’an alag alag masdar se mushtaq hai:

1. Lafz Qur’an mushtaq qiraat se – padhna- sabse zyada padhi jane wali kitaab.

2. Lafz Qur’an mushtaq qariyat se – jama karna- duniya aur aakhirat mein kamyabi ki  saari zaruri maloomat usooli taur par jama kardi gayi.

3. Lafz Qur’an mushtaq qaran se – qareeb aur siyaq wa sabaq- siyaq wa sabaq se Qur’an se mafhoom samjha jaye toh share mushzis ke iteraazat khatm hojate hai.

4. Lafz Qur’an mushtaq qarinat se-  milte julte-  Qur’an mein milte julte mauzoaat se mutaliq ek jagah jama karke samajhne ki koshish ki jaye.

Qur’an ke Lughwi ma’ane kya hai?

QUR’AN-E-MAJEED KI JA’AME WA MA’ANE TAREEF

Qur’an majeed Allah Rab Aalameen ka woh maujizati kalam hai jo Muhammad sallalahu alaihi wa salam par Jibreel (علیہ السلام) ke zariye se nazil hua, jo Musahaf mein maktoob hai aur tawatur ke sath hamare paas chala aaraha hai, jiski tilawat karna ibadat hai aur jiska aagaz Surah ul Fateha se aur iqtetaam Surah ul Naas par hota hai.

Muaza Qur’an kya hai?

Qur’an ka Muaza bunyadi taur par “insan” hai taakeh woh apne Rab-o-Khaaliq ke paighaam se aagah ho aur duniya ki bhul bhulaiya mein itna gum na hojaye ke Iss khaaliq ko bhul jaye jiske paas dobara usse palat kar jana hai.

Qur’an-e-Majeed kya hai?

Qur’an-e-Majeed kalam Allah hai jise Allah Ta’aala ne apne Nabi Muhammad sallalahu alaihi wa sallam par nazil farmaya taakeh woh logon ko gumraahi se noor hidayat ki taraf nikale, jaisa ke Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’aala ka farmaan hai.

Tarjuma: woh Allah Ta’aala hi hai jo apne bande par wazeh aayat utarta hai taakeh woh tumhe andheroun se noor ki taraf lejaye.

(Surah Al hadeed)

Allah Tabarak wa Ta’aala ne Qur’an-e-majeed mein pehle aur aakhri logon aur zameen wa aasman ki paidaish ki khabrein di aur ismein halal wa haram aur aadab aur akhlaq ke usool aur ibadat wa mu’amlaat ke ehekaam, anbiya wa saliheen ki seerat, kafiron aur mominon ki jaza wa saza mominob ke ghar jannat ka wasf aur kafiron ke ghar jahannum ka tafseeli bayan hai aur isse har cheez ke bayan karne wala banaya.

Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’aala  ka farmaan hai:

Tarjuma: Aur Humne aap par ye kitaab nazil farmayi hai jismein har cheez ka kafi wa shafi bayan hai aur musalmanon ki liye rehmat wa khush khabri hai.

 (Surah : 89)

Qur’an majeed mein Allah Ta’aala kay Asmaa was sifaat aur uske makhlooqaat aur Allah Ta’ala uske farishton aur kitaabo aur Rasooloun aur Aakhirat ke din par Imaan ki dawat ka bayan hai jaisa ke Qur’an rabani hai.

Tarjuma: Rasool ne is cheez par imaan laya jo Allah Ta’aala ki taraf se Iss par nazil hui aur momin bhi Imaan laye ye sab Allah Ta’aala aur iske farishton par aur uski kitaabon par aur uske rasooloun par imaan laye, uske rasooloun mein se kisi mein humtafriq nahi karte, unhone keh diya ke Humne suna aur Humne ita’at ki, Ae hamare Rab, hum teri bakhshish talab karte hai, aur teri taraf hi lautna hai.

(Surah Al Baqarah :285)

Aur Qur’an-e-majeed mein Qayamat ke din aur maut ke baad hashr aur nashr aur hisab ke halat ka tazkirah hai aur houz e kauser aur pul siraat aur meezaan aur neimatoun aur a’zaab aur Qayamat ke din logon ke jama hone ka wasf bayan kiya gaya hai.

Tarjuma: Allah woh hai jiske siwa koi Ma’bood (barhaq) nahi woh tum sab ko yaqeenan Qayamat ke din jama karega jiske aane mein koi shak wa shuba nahi, Allah Ta’aala se zyada sachi baat karne wala kon hai?

 (Surah Al nisa:87)

Aur Rab ziljalaal ka farmaan hai :

Tarjuma: kya woh Qur’an par gaur wa fikr nahi Karte? Ya Phir unke dilon par taalay lag chuke hai.

(Surah Muhammad :24)

QUR’AN MAJEED MEIN GHAIR MUSLIMON KE PAANCH MAAROOF SAWAALAAT KE JAWAABAAT TAFSEEL SE HAIN:

1. Mai kaun hoon

2. Mai kahan se aaya hoon

3. Mujhe kisne paida kiya hai

4. Mujhe kya karna hai? Kis tarah zindagi guzaarna hai?

5. Marne ke baad mera kya hoga?

(Mazeed tafseel ke liye humari kitaab “Qur’an ke ahdaaf aur maqaasid” ka mutala’a kijiye)

Qur’an-e-Majeed sab logon ki taraf Allah Ta’aala ki kitaab hai

Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’aala ka farmaan hai:

Tarjuma: Humne aap par logon ke liye ye kitaab haq ke saath naazil farmaayi hai pas jo shakhs hidayat par aa jaaye toh uska apna hi nafaa hai aur jo gumraah ho jaaye uski gumraahi ka wabaal bhi us par hai aur Aap in par zimedaar nahi hai

(Surah Al Zumar : 41)

Nuzool-e-Qur’an ke baad ye hi ( Qur’an ma’ maqbool Ahaadith ki tashreehaat ) ek aisi kitaab hai jo

BASHRIYAAT ke liye taa qayaamat kitaab rahegi , ab jo bhi iss par imaan naa laaye wo kaafir thehra aur wo ROZ-e-Qayamat sazaa se do chaar hoga, jaisa ke Rabb-e-Ziljalaal ka farmaan hai:

Tarjuma: Aur jo log hamari aayaat ko jhutlaaye inko a’zaab pahonchega isliye ke wo naafarmaani karte hain

(Surah Al An’aam : 49)

Qur’an Kareem ki azmat aur jo kuch iss mein fasaahat wa balaaghat aur moujizaat wa nishaaniyaa aur imsaal wa ibratein hain, iski binaa par Allah Ta’aala ne farmaya:

Tarjuma : Agar Hum iss Qur’an ko kisi pahaad par utaarte toh aap dekhte ke wo khashiyat-e-Ilaahi se past ho kar reiza reiza ho jaata aur hum in misaalon ko logon ke saamne bayaan karte hain taakeh wo ghaur wa fikr karein

(Surah Al Hashar :21)

Allah Ta’aala ne jin wa Ins ko ye challenge kiya hai ke wo iski misal laayein ya phir iski misal ek Surah hi le aayein, lekin wo nahi laa sakey aur naa wo iski taaqat hi rakhte hain, jaisa ke Allah Ta’aala ka farmaan hai:

Tarjuma: Keh dijiye ke agar tamaam insaan aur kul jinnaat mil kar iss Qur’an ki misal laana chaahein toh inn sab se iski misal laana naa mumkeen hai goya wo aapas mein ek dusre ke madadgaar bhi ban jaayein

(Surah Banee Israeel : 88)

Toh jab Qur’an Kareem, aasmaani kutub mein sab se azeem, kaamil aur aakhri kitaab hai, toh Allah Ta’aala ne apne Rasool Muhammad (ﷺ )ko ye kitaab logon tak pahonchaane aur iski tableegh ka hukm dete huye farmaya:

Tarjuma : Aye Rasool jo kuch bhi Aapke Rab ne Aapki taraf naazil farmaya hai logon tak pahonchaa dein, agar aapne aisa naa kiya toh aap Allah ka paighaam pahonchaane mein qaasir rahe ( yaani paighambari ka farz adaa naa kiya )

(Surah Al Maaidah : 67)

Iss kitaab ki ehmiyat aur ummat ko iski zaroorat ke pesh-e-nazar Allah Ta’aala ne iske saath humari takreem karte huue hum par naazil farmaayi aur iski hifazat Apne zimme lete huye farmaya:

 Beshak Hum hi ne Qur’an ko naazil farmaya aur Hum hi iski hifazat karne waale hain

(Surah Al Hijr : 9)

Qur’an mukammal, abdi, Aafaaqi wahma jehet  hone ke etebaar se mukammal zaabta hayaat hai jo Allah ki taraf se aakhri kitaab hai aur Hadith maqbool iski tashreeh hai

Qur’an Kareem ke mukhtalif Naam:

• Al Qur’an (sab se zyada padhi jaane waali kitaab ):

شَهْرُ رَمَ َضانَ الَّ ِذي اُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرآنُ۔

Tarjuma: Maah-e-Ramazaan wo hai jis mein Qur’an utaara gaya.

[Surah Al Baqarah:185]

• Al Furqaan (farq karne wala):

تَبَارَكَ الَّ ِذي نَزَّلَ الْفُرقَانَ عَلَ ٰى عَبْ ِدهِ لِيَكونَ لِلْعَال مِيْنَ نَذِيْراً ۔

Tarjuma: Bohot baa barkat hai wo (Allah Ta’aala) jis ne apne bande par Furqaan utara taake wo tamaam logon ke liye aagah karne waala ban jaaye.

[Surah Al Furqaan:10]

• Al Burhaan (Daleel):

يَاأَيَُّهاالنَّاسُ قَدْ َجاءَكُم ْ بُرْهَا نٌ مِّن

رَّبِّكُمْ وَ اَنْزَلْنَا اِلَيْكُمْ نُوْ راً مُّبِيْنًا۔

Tarjuma: Aye logon tumhare paas tumhare Rabb ki taraf se sanad aur daleel aa pahonchi aur Humne tumhari jaanib waazeh aur saaf noor utaar diya hai.

[Surah Al Nisa:174]

• Al Kitaab (likha hua):

ذٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ

Tarjuma: Iss kitaab ( ke Allah ki kitaab hone ) mein koi shak nahi.

 [Surah Al Baqarah:2]

• Al zikr (naseehat):

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ

Tarjuma: Hum ne hi iss naseehat (Qur’an) ko nazil farmaya aur hum hi iske muhafiz hai.

[Surah Al Hijr: 9]

• Al Tanzeel (Nazil kiya hua):

وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

Tarjuma:Aur beshak yeh (Qur’an) Rab ul Aalameen ka nazil farmaya hua hai.

[Surah Ash Shu’aara:192]

• Al Haq (Haq, Sach):
• Ahsan ul Hadees (Behtareen Baat):
• Al Azeem (Azmat Wala):
• Al Kareem (Izzat Wala):
• Al Azeez (Buland Martaba):
• Al Majeed (Badi Shaan Wala):
• Al Hakeem (Hikmat Wala):
• Al Musaddiq (Tasdeeq karne Wala):
• Mubeen ( khol kar bayan karne Wala):
• Mubarak (Babarkat):
• Basheer ( Basharat dene wala):
• Noor (Roshni):

Note : Inn naamo (names) mein se paanch (5) naam mashhoor hain: 

Al Quran, Al Furqaan, Az zikr, At Tanzeel aur Al Kitaab

Baaqi ko sifati naam se ta’beer kiya gaya hai.

Ek qaul ke mutaabiq 55 naam tak milte hain.

Wahi:

WAHI KA MA’ANE:

Wahi ke lughwi ma’ane “ khufiya taur par jaldi se ishaara karne” ke hain.

Istelaah mein Wahi se muraad wo paighaam hai jo Allah Ta’aala apne kisi Nabi ya Rasool ki taraf bhejta hai, aur aakhri Wahi wa shara’iyat Muhammad (ﷺ )par khatam huyi.

QUR’AN AUR HADITH E QUDSI KE DARMIYAAN FARQ:

•             Qur’an-e-Majeed , Allah ka kalaam hai aur iske alfaaz wa maani Allah ki taraf se hain jab ke Hadith Qudsi mein mafhoom Allah Ta’aala ki taraf se hota hai aur alfaaz Allah ke Nabi (ﷺ ) ke hote hain.

•             Qur’an ki tilawat karna ibadat hai jab ke Hadith Qudsi ka padhna ibadat nahi hai ( waise neiki ka kaam hai) goya Qur’an – Wahi matloo hai aur Hadith Qudsi- Wahi ghair matloo hai.

•             Qur’an ke suboot ke liye ummat ka ittefaaq aur tawatur ka hona shart hai magar Hadith Qudsi ke liye ye shart nahi hai.

•             Qur’an Majeed, Jibraeel (علیہ السلام) ke zariye naazil hua hai magar Hadith Qudsi mein iss farishte ka waasta aur zariye hona zaroori nahi.

•             Quran moujzaa hai aur Hadith Qudsi moujzaa nahi hai.

WAHI KI IQSAAM:

Wahi ki teen (3) qismein hain:

۞وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَآئِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِىَ بِإِذْنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُ إِنَّهُ عَلِىٌّ حَكِيمٌ

Tarjuma: Naa mumkin hai ke kisi bande se Allah Ta’aala kalaam kare magar Wahi ke zariye ya parde ke peeche se ya kisi farishte ko bheje aur wo Allah ke hukm se jo wo chaahe Wahi kare, beshak Wo bartar hai hikmat waala hai.

(Surah Ash Shoora : 51)

• Wahi Qalbi:

 Iss qism mein Baari Ta’aala – baraah-e-raasat Nabi ke qalb ko musakhar farmaa kar iss mein koi baat daal deta hai.

• Kalaam-e-ilaahi :

 Iss dusri qism mein Baari Ta’aala – baraah-e-raasat Rasool ko apni hum kalaami ka sharf ataa farmaata hai.

• Wahi Malaki :

 Iss teesri qism mein Allah Ta’aala – apna paighaam kisi farishte ke zariye Nabi tak bhejta hai.

• Qur’an ki Surtein ba aitebaar Makki aur Madni:

Qur’an ki Surtein ki taqseem Makki aur Madni ke aitebaar se ki gayi hai.

MAKKI:  Qur’an Kareem ki Jo Ayatein ya Surtein Rasool ﷺ par hijrat se pehle utri woh Makki hain.

MADNI:  Jo Surtein ya Ayatein Rasool ﷺ par hijrat ke ba’ad utri woh Madni hain .

Makki aur Madni Surtoun ki tadaad Musahaf Madni (باشرف صالح ال الشیخ) kay aitebaar se

Madni Surtoun ki tadaad 28 hain aur Makki Surtoun ki tadaad 86 hain.

Nasikh :

Nasikh me Lughwi mane naqal karne , tabdeel karne or mitane ke hain lekin shara’i istelaah mein aik hukm ko badal kar doosra hukm naazil karne ke hai, yeh Nasikh Allah ki taraf se hua hai, Aadam (علیہ السلام) ke zamane mein sagge behen bhaiyoun ka aapas mein nikaah jaaiz tha ba’ad mein usse haraam kar diya gaya, ussi tarah Qur’an mein bhi Allah Ta’aala ne ba’az ahekaam mansookh Farmaaye aur unn ki jagah Naya hukm nazil farmaya, jamhoor-e- ulama e ummat ki raaye hai kah Qur’an o ahaadeeth mein Nasikh waqia hua hai.

(Tafseer Ahsan Al bayaan Al Sheikh Salaah Uddin Yousuf Lahori aur Doctor Luqman Salafi Hafiza Allahu ki tafseer-e-takbeer Ar Rahman Libayan Al Qur’an)

Nasikh fil Qur’an ki teen qismein hain.

1. Tilawat-e-Mansookh ho lekin hukm baaqi ho.

2. Hukm Mansookh ho par Tilawat baaqi ho.

3. Tilawat aur Hukm donoun bhi Mansookh ho .

Tafseer:

Tafseer ki do Badi aqsaam hain:

1. Tafseer Bil Maasur

2. Tafseer Bil Raaye

TAFSEER BIL MAASUR :

Tafseer likhne ka yeh woh tareeqa hai jiss mein kisi Aayat ki tafseer mein ahaadeeth kay alawah sahaaba kiraam, Taba’ieen aur Taba’ taba’ieen ke aqwaal naqal kiye jayein. Goya tafseer ke iss andaaz mein ziyaada tar riwaayat aur Asar ki Roshni mein tafseer bayaan ki jaati hai.

Iss tareeqa e tafseer ki numaaya kutub tafaaseer yeh hain.

1. Tafseer Ibn Jarir Tabri Az Imam Tabri

2. Tafseer Ibn kaseer Az Imam Ibn kaseer

3. Tafseer Ibn Abi Hatim Alraazi

Inn mein se sirf aik tafseer Ibn kaseer ka urdu mein tarjuma hai.

TAFSEER BIL RAAYE :

Tafseer ka aik aur tareeqa bilraaye kehlata hai. Iss ki do qismein hain.

1. Pasandeeda (Mahmood) Tafseer Bil Raaye

2. Napasandeeda (Mazmom) Tafseer Bil Raaye

Agar tafseer bilraaye Qur’an-o-Sunnat ki hidaayat aur a’qal saleem ke mutabiq ho toh hi durust aur pasandeeda tafseer bilraaye hai aur agar woh Qur’an-o-Sunnat se dur ho toh phir woh napasandeeda bilraaye hai aur woh hargiz sahi nahi hai.

Al Aayaat Wal Ahaadith – Uloom ul Qur’an :

• AL AAYAAT:

وَإِذَا قُرِئَ ٱلْقُرْءَانُ فَٱسْتَمِعُوا۟ لَهُۥ وَأَنصِتُوا۟ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ

Aur jab qur’aan padha jaaya kare to uski taraf kaan laga diya karo aur khamoosh raha karo, umeed hai ke tum par rahmat ho.

[AL A’RAAF:204]

وَهَٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَاتَّقُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ

Aur ye ek kitaab hai jis ko ham ne bheja badi khair-o-barkat waali, so iski ittiba karo aur daro taake tum par rahmat ho..

[ANA’AM:155]

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَتْكُمْ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَشِفَاءٌ لِمَا فِي الصُّدُورِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

Aye logo! Tumhare paas tumhare rab ki taraf se ek aisi cheez aae hai jo nasihat hai aur dilo me jo rog hain un ke liye shifa hai aur rahnumaae karne waali hai aur rahmat hai eemaan waalo ke liye.

[YOUNUS 57]

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ

Ham ne hi is qur’aan ko naazil farmaya hai aur ham hi is ke muhafiz hain.

[HIJR 9]

ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَتَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُم بِذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ أَلَا بِذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ ٱلْقُلُوبُ

Yaad rakho allaah ke zikr se hi dilo ko tasalli haasil hoti hai.

[RAD 28]

• AL-AHADEETH :

 خيركم من تعلم القرآن وعلمه.

Tum me sab se bahtar wo hai jo qur’aan e majeed padhe aur padhaae.

[SAHIH AL BUKHAARI 5027]

تركت فيكم أمرين ، لن تضلوا ما تمتكلم بهما : كتاب الله وسنة نبيه.

 Mai tumhare darmiyaan do cheezein chode jaa raha hoon, jab tak tum inhe thaame rahoge kabhi gumraah nahi hoge:

[AL MUWATTA:1594,SAHIH]

1. Allaah ki kitaab aur

2. Uske nabi ki sunnat.

أبشروا ، فإن هذا القرآن طرفه بيد الله ، و طرفه بأيديكم ، فتمسكوا به ، فإنكم لن تهلكوا ، و

لن تضلوا بعده أبدا.

Khush ho jaao, beshak is qur’an ka ek sira allaah ke haath me hai aur ek sira tumhare haatho me, pas ise mazbooti se pakde raho phir tum kabhi halaak na hoge aur na kabhi gumraah hoge.

[SAHIH UL JAMIA: 34]

من قام بعشر آيات لم يكتب من الغافلين ومن قام بمائة آية كتب من القانتين ومن قام بألف

آية كتب من المقنطرين.

Jo shakhs namaz me khade ho kar das aayatein padhega wo ghafilo me nahi likha jaaega aur jo namaz me khade hokar sau(100) aayatein padhega wo farmabardaro me likha jaaega aur jo ek hazaar aayatein padhega wo behad sawaab paane waalo me likha jaaega.

[ABU DAWOOD:1398]

REFERENCE:

BOOK: “ULOOM UL QUR’AN”

BY SHAIKH ARSHAD BASHEER MADANI.