04. SIYAAM/ROZA [Fasting the month of Ramazan]
SIYAAM RAMADAN (ROZA):
SIYAAM RAMADAAN (ROZA) Siyame ramadaan islam ke bunyadi arkaan mein se aik rukan hai, Siyam baab saam yasoom (Nasar) se masdar hai is ka Ma’ana roza rakhna aur ruk jane ke hain, yani khanay peenay, bolnay, Jima’a karne ya chalne se ruk jana sab is mein shaamil hain.
[ Al Qamoos, Al muheet : 1020, ghareeb al-hadith : 1 / 325 ].
SHARIAT MAIN ROZA:
Makhsoos sharayet ke sath, makhsoos ayyaam mein, makhsoos ashya yani khanay peenay, fisq o fajoor ke irtikaab aur din mein Jima’a karne se ruk jana hai .
Rozay is ummat ke Khasais mein shaamil nahi
● Rozay kis saal farz kiye gaye ?
● Ramadaan al mubarak ke rozay kis shakhs par farz hain ?
● Rozay ki mashrueyat mein hikmat
● Rozon ki baa’z hikmatein
● Aur dekhieye
● Hawala jaat Rozay is ummat ke Khasais mein shaamil nahi Allah Subhana o Taa’la ka farmaan hai :
”Aye imaan walon tum par rozay farz kiye gaye hain jis terhan tum se pehlay logon par farz kiye gaye thay taa keh tum parhezgaar bano.”
[ Al-Baqrah : 183 ]
yeh aayat e Karimah is par Dalalat karti hai keh rozay aik qadeem ibaadat hai hum se pehlay logon par bhi is terhan farz thay jis terhan hum par farz hain, lekin aaya kya woh bhi ramadaan al Mubarak ke rozay rakhne ke muqeed thay ya nahi? is ke mutaliq Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) se kisi Nass ka ilm nahi jis mein yeh bayan suna ho key un par bhi ramadaan almbark ke rozay farz thay”
[ مجموع فتاوى al shaikh Ibn baz : 15 / 7] .
Rozay kis saal farz kiye gaye ?
Ramadaan al mubarak ke rozay do hijri mein farz kiye gaye, aur Nabi kareem(ﷺ)ne apni zindagi mein no (9) baras ramadaan al mubarak ke rozay rakhay.
imam Nawawi(رحمه الله) kehte hain : rasool akram(ﷺ) ne No(9) Ramadaan ul mubarak ke rozay rakhay, is liye keh hijrat ke doosray saal shabaan mein ramadaan al mubarak ke rozay farz hue thay aur Nabi(ﷺ) gayarah hjri Rabee al-awwal ke mahinay mein faut hue thay
[Ah -. dekhen al majmoo’a ( 6 / 250 ] .
Ramadaan al mubarak ke rozay kis shakhs par farz hain ?
Jis shakhs mein bhi paanch shartain payi jayen is par rozay farz hain :
Musalman ho,
Muklif ho,
Roza rakhnay par Qadir ho,
Muqeem ho,
Is mein koi Maney nah paaya jaye .
*Pehli shart
Pehli shart ki wajah se kafir roza rakhnay ke hukum se kharij hai kyun keh is par roza rakhna lazim nahi aur nah hi is ka roza rakhna sahih hai, aur agar woh musalman ho jaye to usay roza qazaa’ karne ko nahi kaha jayega. Is ki daleel Allah Subhana o Taa’la ka farmaan hai : un ke nufqaat ke qubool na honay ke is ke ilawa aur koyi sabab nahi ke unhon ne Allah Taa’la aur is ke rasool ke sath kufar kya aur namaz ke liye bhi badi susti aur kahili se atay hain aur kharch bhi buray dil se hi karte hain [Al Touba : 54]
*Doosri shart:
Mukallif ho۔ muklif woh hota hai jo Aaqil aur baaligh ho, kyunkay bacha aur Majnoon muklif nahi, teen ashya mein se kisi aik ke bhi paye jane par baloghat haasil hojati hai Aur aaqil woh hai jo majnoon nahi ho yani is ki aqal sahih ho be aqal nahi ho, is liye jo be aqal hai woh muklif nahi aur iss par deen ke ahbab o faraiz namaz, roza waghera koi bhi cheez wajib nahi hai.
*Teesri shart :
Usay Qadir hona chahiye : yani woh rozay rakhnay ki taaqat rakhta ho, aur woh shakhs jo roza rakhnay se aajiz hai is par koi roza nahi lekin woh is ki qazaa karega. Allah Subhana o Taa’la ka farmaan hai : haan jo beemar ho ya musafir ho usay doosray dinon mein yeh ginti poori karni chahiye lekin yeh Aajaz aur qudrat nahi rakhna do qismon mein taqseem hota hai : daimi aur mustaqil aajiz, aur ghair mustaqil aajiz. Mandarja baala aayat mein ghair mustaqil aajiz ka bayan hai, ( maslan woh mareez jis ke shaafayab honay ki umeed ho ya musafir tawan ke liye roza chhorna jaaiz hai lekin woh faut shuda rozay baad mein rakhenge ). Daimi aur mustaqil aajiz : (maslan woh mareez jis ke Shifayabi ki koi umeed nahi, aur woh boorha jo rozay rakhnay se aajiz ho ) un ka zikar mandarja zail farmaan baa’ri taa’la mein hai :aur jo us ki taaqat rakhen woh aik miskeen ka khana den. [Al-Baqrah : 184].
Ibn abbas radi Allah taala anhuma is ki Tafseer karte hue kehte hain : ”jab koi boorha mard aur aurat roza rakhnay ki taaqat nahi rakhen to har din ke badlay mein woh aik miskeen ko khana khilayen .”
*Chouthi shart :
Muqeem ho. Agar koi shakhs musafir ho to is par roza rakhna wajib nahi kyun keh Allah taa’la ka farmaan hai :aur jo mareez ya musafir ho woh dosray dinon mein ginti poori kere. Ulama e karaam ka is par ijmaa’ hai keh musafir ke liye roza aftaar karna jaaiz hai, aur musafir ke liye afzal yeh hai keh woh aasani wala kaam kere agar to is ke liye roza rakhnay mein koi nuqsaan ho toh musafir ke liye roza rakhna haraam hai kyun keh Allah taa’la ka farmaan hai : aur apnay aap ko qatal nah karo yaqeenan Allah taa’la tumahray sath bara meharban aur rehem karne wala hai. Is aayat mein daleel hai keh insaan ko jis mein nuqsaan ho woh is ke liye manaa’ hai .
*Panchwin shart :
Is shakhs mein koi Maaney nah paaya jaye, aur yeh sirf aurton ke sath khaas hai, isiliye hayezah aur nifaas wali aurat par roza rakhna lazim nahi lekin woh baad mein is ki qazaa’ kere gi. nabi kareem ﷺ ka farmaan hai : kya aisa nahi hai ke jab aurat ko haiz ya nifaas aata hai, nah to woh roza rakhti hai aur nah hi namaz parhti hai. Toh isiliye is par is haalat mein roza rakhna lazim nahi aur ulmaa’ karaam ka ijma hai keh agar woh rakh bhi le to is ka roza sahih nahi hoga, balkay is par is ki qazaa’ zaroori hai .
Rozay ki mashrueyat mein hikmat Awwal :
(i): sab se pehlay to hamein yeh ilm hona chahiye keh Allah taa’la ke Asmaa’ Husnaa mein al hakeem bhi hai jo ke hukum aur hukmah se mushtaq hai, to allah taa’la wahdah ka hi hukum hai aur iss ke ehkaam intehai hikmat walay aur kaamil aur mutqan hain .
(ii) : Allah taa’la ney jo bhi ehkaam mashroo’ kiye hain woh sab ke sab azeem hikmaton se pur hain, baaz auqaat to hamein is ki hikmat ka ilm hota hai aur baaz auqaat hamari aqlain is ki hikmat ka idraak nahi kar patin, aur baaz auqaat aisa bhi hota hai keh hum kuch hikmaton ka ilm rakhtay hain aur bohot saari hikmate hum par makhfi hi rehtin hain.
(iii) : Allah Subhana o Taa’la ne hum par rozon ko farz aur mashroo’karte hue is ki hikmat ka bhi zikar kya hai jis ka bayan mandarja zail aayat mein hai : ae imaan walo! tum par rozay rakhnay farz kiye gaye hain jis terhan ke tum se pehlay logon par farz kiye gaye thay taa keh tum taqwa ikhtiyar karo [Al-Baqrah : 183 ].
Lihaza roza taqwa wa parhezgaari ka waseela hai,aur taqwa ikhtyar karne ka hukum Allah taa’la ne diya hai aur jo cheez is se rokay is ke feal se bhi roka hai, aur roza aik aisa sabab hai jis se bandah deeni awamir mein madad haasil karta hai Ulama e Rehma Allah taa’la ne rozay ki mashrooeyat ki baaz hikmaton ka zikar kya hai jo sab ki sab taqwa o parhaiz gari ki khuslatein hain, lekin inhen zikar karne mein koi harj nahi taa keh rozay daar mutnabba rahay aur ise haasil karne ki koshish kare.
Rozon ki baa’z hikmatein :
1. Roza Allah taa’la ki inaam kardah neamaton ka shukraanahada karne ka waseela hai, roza khana piinaa tark karney ka naam hai aur khana piinaa aik bohat barri Neamat hai, lihazah is se kuch der ke liye ruk jaana khanay peenay ki qadr o qeemat maloom karaata hai, kyunkeh majhool neamatein jab kum hon to woh maloom ho jati hain, yeh sab kuch is ke shukar karne par ubhaarta hai
2. Roza haraam kardah ashya’ ko tark karne ka waseela hai, kyunkeh jab nafs Allah taa’la ki razaamandi ke liye Allah taa’la ke azaab se darta huwa kisi halal cheez se ruknay par tayyaar ho jata hai to woh haraam kardah ashya’ ko tark karne par bil awla tayyar hoga, lihaza Allah taa’la ke haraam kardah kamon se roza bachao ka sabab bantaa hai.
3. Roza rakhnay mein shewaat par qaboo paaya jata hai, kyunkeh jab nafs sair ho aur is ka pait bhara huwa ho to who shehwaat ki tamanna karne lagta hai, aur jab bhooka ho toh phir khwahishaat se bachta hai, aur isi liye Nabi Kareem Sale Allah alaihi wasallam ne farmaaya tha :
”Aye nojawanon ki jamaat! tum mein se jo bhi nikah karne ki taaqat rakhta hai woh shaadi kere, kyun keh shaadi karna aankhon ko neecha kar daita, aur sharmgah ki hifaazat karta hai, jo shakhs nikaah kitaaqat nah rakhay toh use rozay rakhnay chahiye, kyunkeh yeh is ke liye dhaal hain.”
4. Roza miskeen par rehmat meharbani aur narmi karne ka baais hai, is liye keh jab rozadaar kuch waqt ke liye bhooka rehta hai toh phir usay is shakhs ki haalat yaad aati hai jisay har waqt hi khana naseeb nahi hota, toh woh is ehsaan aur reham aur meherbaani karne par ubhaarta hai, lihaza roza miskeen par meharbani ka baais hai .
5. Rozay mein shaitaan ke liye gham va gussah qehr aur is ki kamzoree hai, aur iske waswasay bhi kamzor ho jatay hain jis ki bina par insaan maa’si aur juraym bhi kam karne lagta hai, is ka sabab yeh hai keh jaisa keh hadees mein bhi waarid hai keh shaitaan insaan mein khoon ki terhan gardish karta hai, toh rozay ki bina par is ki yeh gardish wali jaghein tang parh jaati hain jis se woh kamzor ho jata hai aur iss ke nateejay mein shaitaan ka nufooz bhi kamzor parh jaata hai. Sheikh al – islaam Rehmaullah ka kehna hai :
”bilashuba khaanay peenay ki wajeh se khoon paida hota hai, is liye jab khaya piya jaaye to shaitaan ki gardish ki jaghon mein wus’at paida hojati hai jo ke khoon hai aur jab roza rakha jaye to shaitaan ki gardish wali jaghein tang ho jati hain, jis ki bina par dil achhai aur bhalayi kay kaamon par amaada hota aur burai kay kaamon ko tark kar deta hai aur kuch kami baishi kay saath naql kiya gaya hai.”
(Majmua Al fataawi :246/25)
6. Rozaydaar apne aap ko Allah Subhana o taa’la ki muraaqabat va nighabaani par tayyar karta hai ke Allah taa’la iski nigraani aur maraaqabat kar raha hai jis ki bina par woh apne nafs ki khwahishaat ko tark kar daita hai halaan ke is par chalne ki is mein taaqat bhi hoti hai lekin usay ilm hai ke Allah taa’la is par mutalaa’ hai to woh aisay kaam karne se guraiz karta hai .
7. Rozay mein duniya aur is ki shehwaat se zuhad paida hota hai, aur allah taa’la ke paas mojood ajr wo sawaab mein targheeb payi jati hai.
8. Is mein momin kasrat itaa’at ka aadi bantaa hai, kyunkeh roza daar roza ki haalat mein ziyada se ziyada itaa’at o farmaanbardari karta hai jis ki bina par woh aadi ban jata hai. roza ki mashrooeat ki chand aik hikmatein hum ne aap ke saamnay rakhi hain is ke ilawa bhi bohat saari hikmate payi jati hain Aur dekhieye Arkaan e Islaam, Arkaan e Imaan, Namaaz, Zakaat, hajj, Ibaadat waghera- Hawala jaat Fasool-e-fi –al- siyaam wa al Taraweeh wa al zakaat
[Mohammad bin Saleh al uthaymin Haashiyah ibne Qaasim ali alrooz Al mar’baa: 344/3, Al mosooah Al Fiqhiyah: 9/28 3]
REFRENCE:
[1] https://www.askislampedia.com/ur/wiki/-/wiki/Urdu_wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%81