Daada ki wiraasat

Daada say muraad Mayyat kay Baap ka Baap aur Baap kye Baap ka Baap hai. Agar Mayyat aur Daada kay darmiyaan kisi aurat ka waastaa aajay (اب ام الاب) aur (اب الام) yani Naana, padh-Naana waghera to un ko faasid Daada kehtay hain. Woh Sahib-e-Farz nahi hota kiunkeh woh Zaw-ul-Arhaam mein say hai.

Daada ki meeraas mein paanch halatein hain

Pehli haalat: Daada Bator-e-Asabah waaris hota hai jab Mayyat ka Baap, Beta, Beti, Pota, Poti mujood nah hon.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya us nay apni Biwi aur Daada ko zindah chodha.

Hal: Biwi ko (1/4) mila. Aur baqi Daada Bator-e-Asabah lay ga. Asal masla (4) hai. Biwi ko (1) mila, Aur baqi (3) Daada lay ga.

Doosri haalat: Daada ko jaedaad ka chata hissa (1/6) milta hai jab Mayyat ka Baap mujood nah ho lekin Mayyat ka Beta, Pota mujood ho.

Misaal: Aik aurat faut ho gai aur apnay Khaawand, Daada aur Beta ko zindah chodha.

Hal: Khaawand ko (1/4) milay. Daada ko (1/6) aur Beta hai. Asal masla (12) hai Khaawand ko (3) aur Daada ko (2) milay aur baqi (7) Beta Bator-e-Asabah lay ga.

Teesri haalat: Daada Bator-e-Sahib-e-Farz aur Bator-e-Asabah donon haisiyoton say waaris hota hai. Yani pehlay chata hissa (1/6) farzan leta hai aur phir baqi Bator-e-Asabah leta hai. Jab Mayyat ki Beti, Poti mujood ho lekin Mayyat ka Baap, Beta aur Pota mujood nah ho.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi, Beti aur Daada ko zindah chodha.

Hal: Biwi (1/8) lay gi. Betii (1/2) aur Daada pehlay (1/6) apna hissa lay ga phir baqi Bator-e-Asabah lay ga. Asal masla (24) hai Biwi ko (3) Beti (12) Daada nay pehlay (4) apna hissa liya phir baqi (5) hissay Bator-e-Asabah liye kul (9) liye.

Chouthi haalat: Agar Mayyat ka Baap mujood ho to Daada wiraasat say mahroom hoga. Is tarhan qareeb walay Daada (Baap ka Baap) ki mujoodgi mein door wala Daada (Baap kay Baap ka Baap) wiraasat say mahroom hoga. Yani Daada ki mujoodgi mein padh-Daada mahroom hoga kiunkeh qaaida Maroof hai

“منْ أدلى إلى الْمیت بواسطة لا یرث مع وجود ذلك الواسطة”

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya. Us nay apni Maan, Baap aur Daada zindah chodha.

Hal: Maan (1/3) lay gi aur baqi Baap Bator-e-Asabah lay ga. Aur Daada Baap ki mujoodgi ki wajah say wiraasat say mahroom hai. Asal masla (3) hai Maan ko (1) mila aur baqi (2) Baap ko milay aur Daada mahroom hai.

Daada ki wiraasat ki chaar haalaton ki Daleel

Quran kareem mein bohat si ayaat mein Daada ko Baap say tabeer kiya gaya hai. Maslan: “یا بنی آدم خذوا زینتكمْ عنْد کل مسْجدٍ” is mein koi shak nahi keh aadam علیہ السلام ham mein say kisi kay bhi haqeeqi Baap nahi hain balkeh woh hum sab kay Jadd-e-A’ala hain. Isi tarhan Sayyiduna Yousuf علیہ السلام ka kehna “واتبعت ملۃ آبائی إبْراهیم وإسْحاق” Unhon nay Sayyiduna Ibraahim علیہ السلام aur Sayyiduna Ishaaq علیہ السلام ko Baap kaha hai halaankeh woh Daada aur padh-Daada hain. Is say saabit hota hai kay Daada ki wiraasat Baap ki adam mujoodgi mein haqeeqi Baap wali hi hai. Chunancha Daada ki wiraasat ki daleelein wahi hain jo Baap ki wiraasat kay baab mein guzar chuki hain. Ilawa azeen Imraan bin Hussainn رضی اللہ عنہ say riwaayat hai.

قال: أن رجلا أتى النبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم  فقال أن ابن ابنى مات فمالی منْ میراثه قال لك السدس (رواہ احمد وابوداؤد)

Panchwein haalat: Daada aur Bhaiyon ki meeraas

Is masla mein sab fuqaha ka ittifaq hai keh Akhiyaafi Bhai aur Akhiyaafi Behan Daada ki mujoodgi mein wiraasat say mahroom hotay hain. Kiunkeh Akhiyaafi Bhai aur Behan sirf kalaala kay waaris bantay hain aur kalaala kay Maana hain “منْ لمْ یترك والدا ولاولدا” chunkeh Baap ki Adam mujoodgi mein Daada us kay qaim maqam hota hai. Is liye Daada ki mujoodgi mein Akhiyaafi Bhai Behan wiraasat say mahroom hungay.

lekin ‘Aini aur ‘Allati Bhai behnon ki wiraasat kay baray mein jab Daada mujood ho, Fuqaha kay darmiyaan ikhtilaaf paaya jata hai.

Imaam Abu Hanifa رحمہ اللہ kay nazdeek Daada sab Bhai behnon yani ‘Aini, Akhiyaafi, ‘Allati ko wiraasat say mahroom kar deta hai aur yahi mazhab Sayyiduna Abu Bakar رضی اللہ عنہ, Abdulullah bin Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ, Ubai bin Ka’ab رضی اللہ عنہ, Mua’az bin Jabal رضی اللہ عنہ waghera ka hai.

Imaam Maalik رحمہ اللہ, Imaam Shaf’i رحمہ اللہ aur Imaam Ahmad رحمہ اللہ kay nazdeek Daada ki mujoodgi mein ‘Aini aur ‘Allati Bhai Behan waaris hungay aur Daada in ko mahroom nahi karta aur yahi mazhab Sayyiduna Ali رضی اللہ عنہ, Zaid bin Saabit رضی اللہ عنہ, Abdullah bin Maso’od رضی اللہ عنہ deegar sahaaba رضی اللہ عنہم ka hai. Neez Imaam Abu Hanifa رحمہ اللہ kay tilaameez Abu Yousuf aur Muhammad bin Al- Hassan ka bhi yahi qoul hai. Aur yahi mazhab adillah kay lehaaz say raajeh muloom hota hai.

‘Aini, ‘Allaati Bhai behnon ki mujoodgi mein Daada ki wiraasat ki teen halatein hain

Pehli haalat: Agar Daada kay hamrah sirf ‘Aini Bhai aur ‘Aini Behan ya sirf ‘Allaati Bhai aur ‘Allaati Behan hon aur masla mein un kay sath Sahib-e-Farz (Khaawand, Biwi, Beti, Poti, ya Maan) mein say koi bhi mujood nah ho to Daada ko is soorat mein kul jaedaad ka aik tihaai (1/3) ya muqaasma mein say jo behtar hoga woh diya jaaye ga.

Muqaasma ki tareef: Muqaasma baab mufa’ala ka masdar hai jis kay lughwi maana (aapas mein taqseem karna hai) lekin Ilm-ul-Faraaiz ki istilaah mein Daada ko ‘Aini Bhai aur ‘Allaati Bhai tasawwur kiya jaye ga. Aur un kay hamrah Bator-e-Asabah waaris hoga. ‘Aini aur ‘Allaati Behan say do guna lay ga.

Note 1 : Agar Daada kay hamrah do Bhai ya chaar Behnein hon ya aik Bhai aur do Behnein hon to Daada kay liye (1/3) aur muqaasma donon baraabar hungay.

2: Agar Daada kay hamrah aik ‘Aini Bhai ya do ‘Aini Behnein ya aik ‘Allaati Bhai ya do ‘Allaati Behnein hon to Daada kay liye muqaasma behtar hoga.

3: Agar Daada kay hamrah teen ‘Aini Bhai ya chay ‘Aini Behnein ya is say zayada hon to Daada kay liye jaedaad ka (1/3) behtar hoga.

Misaal 1: Daada kay liye muqaasma aur (1/3) donon baraabar hain aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apna Daada, Do ‘Aini Bhai ya do ‘Allaati Bhai zindah chodhy.

Hal:

Daada kay liye muqaasma aur (1/3) donon baraabar hain. Asal masla (3) hai Daada ko donon haalton mein (1) milta hai.

Misaal 2: Daada kay liye muqaasma behtar hai. Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apna Daada aur aik ‘Aini Bhai zindah chudha ya Daada aur do ‘Aini Behnein zindah chodhy.

Hal:

Agar Daada ko (1/3) den to Bhai ko Daada say dugna milta hai. Is liye Daada kay liye muqaasma behtar hai jis mein Daada ko aadhi jaedaad millti hai.

Misaal 3: Daada kay liye jaedaad ka (1/3) behtar hai. Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apna Daada aur teen ‘Aini ya ‘Allaati Bhai zindah chodhy.

Hal:

Agar Daada ko jaedaad ka (1/3) den to Daada ko teen ‘Aini Bhaiyon ki nisbat zayaada milta hai aur muqaasma ki soorat mein Daada ko (1/4) milta hai. Chunancha (1/3) Daada kay liye behtar hai.

Doosri haalat: Agar Daada kay hamrah ‘Aini Bhai Behan aur ‘Allaati Bhai Behan donon mujood hon to ‘Aini aur ‘Allaati Bhai aik guroup bana kar Daada ko jaedaad ka (1/3) hissa lainay par majboor kar detay hain aur jab Daada apna hissa lay leta hai to ‘Aini Bhai apnay ‘Allaati Bhai ko wiraasat say mahroom kar deta hai aur baqi jaedaad yani (2/3) woh akeela hi lay leta hai. Jab masla mein un kay sath koi Sahib-e-Farz (Khaawand, Biwi, Beti, Poti, Maan) mujood nah ho.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya apna Daada, ‘Aini Bhai aur do ‘Allaati Bhai zindah chodhy.

Hal: Is misaal mein ‘Aini aur ‘Allaati Bhaiyon nay guroup bana kar Daada ko (1/3) lenay par majboor kar diya kiunkeh muqaasma ki nisbat (1/3) Daada kay liye behtar hai. Asal masla (3) hai Daada ko (1) mila aur baqi (2) teen Bhaiyon ko milay lekin baad mein ‘Aini Bhai, ‘Allaati Bhaiyon ko mahroom kar kay khud (2) lay leta hai.

Note: Agar Daada kay hamrah ‘Aini Bhai ki bajaye aik ‘Aini Behan aur ‘Allaati Bhai hon to is soorat mein Daada ko is ka hissa dainay kay baad ‘Aini Behan ko kul jaedaad ka (1/2) ya (2/3) agar aik say zayada hon milay ga. Ab agar kuch baqi beha ho to woh ‘Allaati Bhai ko mil jaye ga, Warna ‘Allaati Bhai ko kuch nahi milay ga.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apna Daada, Do ‘Aini Behnein aur ‘Allaati Bhai zindah chodha.

Hal: Is misaal mein Daada kay liye (1/3) aur muqaasma donon barabar hain. Asal masla (6) hai Daada ko (2) muqaasma milay do ‘Aini behnon ko (2/3), (4) milay aur ‘Allaati Bhai kay liye kuch nahi bacha. Is liye woh mahroom hai.

Teesri haalat: Agar Daada aur Bhaiyon kay hamrah koi Sahib-e-Farz ho to Daada ko kul jaedaad ka chata hissa (1/6) ya muqaasma ya Sulus-ul-Baqi (Sahib-e-Farz ko us ka hissa denay kay baad jo bachay ga us ka aik tihai (1/3))  mein say jo hissa zayada hoga woh Daada lay ga. Lekin kisi haalat mein bhi Daada ko (1/6) say kam nahi diya jaye ga. Agar kisi masla mein Ashaab-ul-Furooz ko un ka hissa dainay kay baad sirf (1/6) hi bachay to woh Daada lay ga aur Bhai mahroom hon gaye. Isi tarhan agar kisi masla mein baqi (1/6) say kam hon to Daada ko (1/6) zaroor diya jaye ga. Aur Bhai mahroom hongay aur masla mein ‘auwl waaqe hoga.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Maan, Do Betiyan, Daada aur ‘Aini Bhai ko zindah chodha.

Hal: Asal masla (6) hai Maan ko (1/6) (1) mila do Betiyon ko (2/3), (4) milay aur baqi (1/6) (1) bacha woh Daada lay ga. Aur Bhai mahroom hoga.

Misaal: Aik aurat faut hogai apna Khaawand, Do Betiyan, Daada aur ‘Aini Bhai ko zindah chodha.

Hal: Asal masla (12) hai Khaawand ko (1/4) (3) milay. Do Betiyon ko (2/3), (8) milay. Un ka hissa dainay kay baad baqi (1/6) say kam bachta hai. Chunancha Daada ka (1/6) mukammal kiya. Asal masla (12) say (13) ho gaya. Yani masla mein ‘auwl waaq’e hogi. Aur ‘Aini Bhai mahroom ho gaya.

Al-Maslat-ul-Ukduriyah

Aik aurat faut ho gai. Apna Khaawand, Maan, Daada aur ‘Aini Behan ko zindah chodha.

Hal: Agar is masla ko usooli tor par hal kiya jaaye to is ka asal (6) hai. Khaawand ko (1/2), (3) milay, Maan (1/3) ko (2) milay aur baqi chata hissa (1) bachta hai. Ab agar Daada ko muqaasma ya Sulus-ul-Baqi dein to Daada ko chatay hissa (1/6) say kam milta hai.

Aur yeh Sayyiduna Zaid bin saabit رضی اللہ عنہ kay usool kay khilaaf hai keh Daada ko (1/6) say kam nahi milna chahiye. Aur agar Daada ko baqi hissa (1/6), (1) dein to ‘Aini ko kuch nahi milta yeh bhi un kay usool kay khilaaf hai. Kiunkeh woh Sahib-e-Farz hai aulaad aur Baap ki adam mujoodgi mein is ka hissa (1/2) banta hai. Agar usay us ka hissa (1/2) dein to usay Daada say zayada milta hai yeh bhi durust nahi kiunkeh woh Daada kay hamrah Bator-e-Asabah waaris hoti hai.

Chunancha is masla ko Sayyiduna Zaid bin saabit رضى اللہ عنه nay is tarhan hal kiya.

Hal: Asal masla (6) hai Khaawand ko (1/2), (3) milay, Maan ko (1/3), (2), Daada ko (1/6), (1) aur ‘Aini Behan ko (1/2), (3) milay. Is tarhan sab hisson ka majmoa (3+2+1+3=9), (9) ho gaya aur masla mein ‘auwl waaqe ho gaya. Ab Daada aur ‘Aini Behan kay hisson ko akhatta kiya (1+3=4) to un ka majmoa (4) hai usay Daada aur ‘Aini Behan kay darmiyaan “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ‌” kay tahat taqseem kiya jo keh mumkin nahi kiunkeh un mein kasar aati hai. Chunancha Daada aur ‘Aini Behan kay ruoos (3) ko ‘auwl (9) say zarb diya. Aur jawab (3×9=27) 27 masla ki tashih hogi. Phir Khaawand, Maan kay hisson ko bhi (3) say zarb diya. Neez Daada aur ‘Aini Behan kay hisson kay majmoa (4) ko bhi (3) say zarb diya to jawab (3×4=12) 12 ko un kay darmiyan “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ‌” kay tahat taqseem kiya.

Nateeja kay tor par Khaawand ko (9) Maan ko (6) Daada ko (8) aur ‘aini Behan ko (4) milay.

Wajah-e-Tasmiyah: Is masla ko Ukduriyah is liye kaha jata hai keh jo aurat faut ho gai thi is ka ta’lluq Ukdur Naami gaaon say tha ya woh bani Ukdar qabeela say thi. Aur yeh kaha jata hai keh chunkeh us nay Sayyiduna Zaid bin saabit رضی اللہ عنہ kay usoolon ko mukaddar kar diya hai. Un ka kehna hai keh Daada aur Bhaiyon walay masla mein ‘auwl nahi aata lekin is masla mein ‘auwl waaqe ho gaya hai. Yeh bhi un ka kehna hai keh Daada kay hamrah ‘Aini Behan Sahib-e-Farz nahi banti balkeh Asabah banti hai. Is masla mein ‘Aini Behan keh qurani hissa (1/2) dena padha. In asbaab ki wajah say is masla ko Ukduriyah kaha jaata hai.

Note: Masla-e-Ukduriya kay liye zaroori hai kay sirf mundarja zail waaris hi hon. (1) Khaawand, (2) Maan, (3) Daada, (4) Aini ya ‘Allati Behan agar ‘Aini Behan ki bajaaye ‘Aini Bhai ho to masla Ukduriyah nahi hoga. Aur (1/6) Daada lay ga. Aur Bhai mahroom hoga. Is tarhan agar masla mein do Behnein hon to phir bhi Ukduriyah nahi hoga. Kiunkeh is soorat mein Maan ko (1/3) ki bajaaye (1/6) milay ga. Phir chata hissa (1/6) aur muqaasma Daada kay liye baraabar hungay. Aur agar masla mein Behan aur Bhai donon mujood hon to Daada kay liye chata hissa (1/6) behtar hoga aur baqi Behan aur Bhai “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ‌” kay tahat aapas mein taqseem karein gay.

REFERENCE:

Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”

By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.