20. Zow-ul-Arhaam
Zow-ul-Arhaam
❁ Lughwi ma’ana: Arhaam, Raham ki jama hai jis kay ma’ana Maan kay pait mein woh jagah hai jahan bacha parwarish paata hai.
❁ Istilahi ma’ana: Zaw-ul-Arhaam Mayyat kay woh qareebi rishtedaar hain jo nah to Sahib-e-Faraz hain aur nah hi Asba’h maslan khaala, Maanmu aur phophi waghera.
❁ Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki tadaad:
Mundarja zail waaris Zaw-ul-Arhaam shumaar kiye jatay hain:
(1) Mayyat ki Beti ki aulaad (neechay tak)
(2) Poti ki aulaad (neechay tak)
(3) Nana aur padh Nana waghera
(4) Daadi ka Baap
(5) Naana ki Maan (uopar tak)
(6) A’aini Bhai ki Beti aur us ki aulaad
(7) Al’lati Bhai ki Beti aur us ki aulaad
(8) A’aini Behan ki aulaad
(9) Al’lati Behan ki aulaad
(10) Akhiyaafi Bhai ki aulaad
(11) Akhyaafi Behan ki aulaad
(12) A’ini Bhai kay Betay ki Beti
(13) Al’lati Bhai kay Betay ki Beti
(14) Mayyat ki phophi aur us ki aulaad
(15) Chacha ki Beti aur us ki aulaad
(16) Akhiyaafi Chacha aur us ki aulaad
(17) Maamu aur us ki aulaad
(18) Khaala aur is ki aulaad
(19) Baap ki phophi
(20) Baap ki khaala
(21) Mayyat kay Baap ka mamu aur is ki aulaad.
❁ Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki wirsaat ki Shuroot:
Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki wiraasat ki do shartein hain:
1: Zaw-ul-Arhaam, Ashaab-ul-Farooz aur Asba’h ki ghair mujoodgi mein waaris hotay hain masla mein agar koi Sahib-e-Farz ho. To woh farz’an aur radda’an saari jaedaad lay lay ga. Isi tarhan agar masla mein un kay hamrah koi Asba’h ho to woh bhi akeela hi saari jaedaad lay lay ga. Aur Zaw-ul-Arhaam mahroom hongay.
2: Agar kisi masla mein Zaw-ul-Arhaam kay hamrah Khaawand ya Biwi mujood hon to unhein un ka hissa dainay kay baad jo baqi jaedaad bachay gi woh Zaw-ul-Arhaam lein gay kiunkeh Khaawand aur Biwi radd kay mustahiq nahi hain.
❁ Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki wirsaat:
Shuru shuru mein Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki wirsaat kay baray mein fuqaha’a kay darmiyaan ikhtilaaf paaya jata tha. Imam Maalik aur Imam Shafi (رحمہ اللہ ) kay nazdeek Zaw-ul-Arhaam waaris nahi bantay. Mayyat nay agar koi jaedaad chodhi aur us ka koi Sahib-e-Farz ya Asba’h waris nahi hai to usay Bait-ul-Maal mein day diya jaye ga. Lekin chothi sadi hijri mein jab Bait-ul-Maal kay nizaam mein bad-intezami shuru ho gai to Maliki aur Shafi’i ulama’a nay apnay is qoul say rujo’o kar liya aur fatwa sadir kiya keh Bait-ul-Maal ki bajaye Zaw-ul-Arhaam ko jaedaad di jaye, Doosri taraf say Imam Abu Hanifa aur Imam Ahmed kay nazdeek agar Mayyat ka koi waris Sahib-e-Farz ya Asba’h zindah nahi hai to jaedaad Zaw-ul-Arhaam kay darmiyaan taqseem ki jaye gi. Is tarhan sab Fuqaha’a Zaw-al-Arhaam kay waris honay par mutfiq ho gaye. Is ittafaq kay bawajood Zaw-ul-Arhaam kay naseeb yani istehqaq kay baray mein fuqaha’a kay darmiyan ikhtilaaf paaya jata hai.
❁ Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki istehqaaq kay baray mein fuqaha’h kay teen mazhab paye jatay hain
1: Ahal-ul-Raham 2: Ahal-ul-Tanzeel 3: Ahal-ul-Qaraabat
Ahal-ul-Raham: Is mazhab kay qaa’il Hubaish bin Mubasshir aur Nooh ban Darraaj thay. Jin ka koi Maan’nay wala nahi hai kiunkeh yeh mazhab Shaz tha aur ab matrook hai. In ka kehna tha keh Zaw-ul-Arhaam jis nou’o say bhi hon chahay Mayyat kay qareeb hon ya baeed chahay muzakkar hon ya mo’uannas jaedaad un kay darmiyaan baraabar baraabar taqseem ki jaye gi. Kiunkeh raham ki qaraabat ki wajah say woh barabar kay hissa daar hungay.
Ahal-ul-Tanzeel: Is mazhab kay Maan’nay walay Hanmbali, Shaafi’i aur Maalki hain. Woh kehtay hain keh Zaw-ul-Arhaam ko un kay asal ki wiraasat di jaye gi yani woh Zaw-ul-Arhaam ko un kay asal ki jagah par utaartay hain jin kay wastay say un ki Mayyat say rishta daari hai. Maslan nawasi (Beti ki Beti) apni asal yani Beti ki wiraasat ki haqdaar ho gi. Is tarhan bhateeji yani Bhai ki Beti, Bhai ki wiraasat ki haqdaar hogi. Lekin woh is qaida say mamon aur Khaala ko kharij kartay hain, Woh kehtay hain yeh Mayyat ki Maan ka hissa lein gay. Isi tarhan Phophi aur Akhiyaafi Chacha Mayyat kay Baap ka hissa lein gay.
Misaal 1: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Nawasi (Beti ki Beti), Bhaanji (yani Behan ki Beti) aur A’llati Bhai ki Beti ko zindah chodha.
Hal:Nawaasi (Beti ki Beti) ko Beti ka hissa (1/2) milay ga aur A’ini Behan ki Beti Asabah ma-al-Ghair hai woh baqi lay gi aur A’llati Bhai ki Beti mahroom hai. Kiunkeh un kay asal waris (Beti, A’ini Behan aur A’llati Bhai) hain asal masla (2) hai. Nawaasi ko (1) hissa mila, Aur A’ini Behan ki Beti ko baqi (1) hissa mila. Aur A’llati Bhai ki Beti mahroom hai.
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2 |
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1/2 |
Baiti ki Baiti |
1 |
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ع |
Aini bahn ki Baiti |
1 |
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م |
Allati Bhai ki Baiti |
X |
Misaal 2: Aik aadmi apni Beti ki Beti, Bhai ki Beti aur Chacha ki Beti ko zindah chodh kar faut ho gaya.
Hal: Is misaal mein in kay asal waris Beti, Bhai aur Chacha hain. Beti ko (7) milay ga aur baqi hissa ka Bhai Batoor-e-Asba’h waris hai aur Chacha mahroom hai chunancha wiraasat Beti ki Beti aur Bhai ki Beti kay darmiyaan aadhi aadhi taqseem hogi.
Misaal 3: Aik shakhs apni khaala aur phophi ko zindah chodh kar faut ho gaya.
Hal:Is misaal mein Khaala Mayyat ki Maan kay hissay ki waaris hogi aur phophi Mayyat kay Baap kay naseeb ki waris hogi. Chunancha khaala (1) lay gi. Aur baqi (2) Phophi lay gi. Asal masla (6) hai Khaala ko (2) hissay milay aur Phophi ko baqi (4) hissay milay.
Note 1: Agar Zaw-ul-Arhaam aik hi darja kay hon aur un ka Mayyat say talluq bhi aik hi waastay say ho. To jaedad ki taqseem kay waqt muzakkar aur mo’annas mein koi farq nahi hoga. Balkeh un sab ko barabar barabar hissa diya jaye ga. Maslan aik shakhs faut ho gaya aur teen nawaasay aur aik nawasi ko zindah chodhi. (yani teen Beti kay Betay aur aik Beti ki Beti) In kay ru’oos ki tadaad chaar hai lehaza asal masla (4) hai har aik ko (1) hissa milay ga.
Note 2: Agar Zaw-ul-Arhaam kay hamrah Khaawand ya Biwi mujood ho to Nawasa aur Nawasi ki mujoodgi mein Khawand aur Biwi ko un ka kaamil hissa milay ga. Maslan aik shakhs faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi aur Nawasi ko zindah chodha. Is misaal mein Biwi ko us ka kaamil hissa (1/4) milay ga aur baqi (3/4) Nawasi farz’an aur radd’an lay gai. Kiunkeh Biwi radd ki mustahiq nahi hoti.
3: Ahal-ul-Qaraabat: Is mazhab kay dawedaar Ahnaaf hain. In ko Ahal-e-Qaraabat is liye kehtay hain keh yeh Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki wiraasat mein Mayyat kay sath qurb darja par a’etmaad kartay hain. Jo Mayyat kay zayada qareeb hoga. Woh waaris hoga aur jo Mayyat say ba’eed hai woh wirsaat say Mahjoob hoga. In kay haan Zaw-ul-Arhaam kay tarteeb Alasba’h Bil-Nafs ki tarteeb ki tarhan hai agar woh sab say aik hi darja kay hon to “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” kay qaida ki ro say muzakkar ko do hissay aur mu’annas ko aik hissay milay ga. Maslan aik aadmi apna Nawasa (Beti ka Beta) aur Nawasi (Beti ki Beti) ko zindah chodh kar faut ho gaya. In kay ru’oos ki tadaad (3) asal masla hai. Nawasa ko (2) hissay aur Nawasi ko (1) hissa milay ga.
❁ Ahal-ul-Qrbat kay nazdeek Zaw-ul-Arham kay darjay:
Ahal-ul-Qarabat Zaw-ul-Arhaam ko Asba’-bil-nafs ki tarhan chaar darjon mein taqseem kartay hain pehlay darja ki mujoodgi mein dosray darja walay waaris nahi hotay, Dosray darja ki mujoodgi mein teesray darja walay aur teesray darja walon ki mujoodgi mein chouthay darja walay waaris nahi hotay. In ki tarteeb darj zail hai.
1: Al-Bunuwwah: Is say muraad Beti ki ulaad aur Poti ki aulaad hain.
2: Al-Ubuwwah: Is say muraad Jad-e-Fasid yani Nana aur padh Nana aur Daadi ka Baap aur Jada’h-e-Fasida’h yani Nana ki Maan aur Dadi kay Baap ki Maan waghera hain.
3: Al-Ukhuwwah: In say muraad Aini aur A’llati Bhai ki Beti. Isi tarhan Aini aur A’llati behnoon ki aulaad. Aur Akhiyaafi Bhai aur Akhiyafi Behan ki aulaad, Aini aur A’llati Bhai kay beton ki Betiyan waghera.
4- Al-U’moomah: Is say muraad Mayyat ki Phophi, Akhyaafi Chacha, A’ini aur A’llati Chacha ki Beti Mamon aur Khaala aur un ki aulaad. Isi tarhan Mayyat kay Baap ki Phophi, Mamon aur Khaala aur un ki aulaad waghera.
Misaal 1: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Nawaasi (Beti ki Beti) aur Potay ki Beti (Betay ki Beti ki Beti) ko zindah chodha. Is mein waaris sirf Nawasi hogi. Kiunkeh woh Mayyat say zayada qareeb hai.
Misaal 2: Aik aadmi apni Poti ki Beti (Betay kay Beti ki Beti) aur Nawaasi ki Beti (Beti ki Beti ki Beti) ko zindah chodh kar faut ho gaya. Is misaal mein Poti ki Beti waaris hogi. Kiunkeh woh Sahib-e-Farz ki Beti hai aur doosri Zaw-ul-Arhaam ki Beti hai.
Misaal 3: Aik aadmi apna Nawaasa (Beti ka Beta) aur Aawaasi (Beti ki Beti) ko zindah chodh kr faut ho gaya. Is misaal mein Nawaasa aur Nawaasi donon “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” ki ro say waaris hungay. Nawasa do hissay lay ga aur Nawaasi aik hissa lay gi.
Misaal 4: Aik aadmi apna Nana aur Dadi kay Baap ko zindah chosh kar faut ho gaya. Is misaal mein Nana akeela waaris hoga. Kiunkeh woh Mayyat say qareeb hai aur Dadi ka Baap mahroom hoga.
Misaal 5: Aik aadmi Ai’ni Bhai kay Betay ki Beti aur A’ini Behan ki Beti ka Beta ko zindah chodh kar faut ho gaya. Is misaal mein A’ini Bhai kay Betay ki Beti waaris hogi. Kiunkeh Asab’h ki Beti hai aur dosra waaris Zaw-ul-Arhaam ka Beta hai.
Misaal 6: Aik aadmi apnay A’ini Bhai ki Beti, A’llati Bhai ki Beti aur Akhiyaafi Bhai ki Beti ko zindah chodh kar faut ho gaya. Is misaal mein sirf Akhiyaafi Bhai ki Beti waaris hogi. Kiunkeh us ka Baap Sahib-e-Farz hai aur baaqiyon kay Baap Asaba’h hain. Aur Sahib-e-Farz, Asaba’h par muqaddam hota hai .
آخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد الأنبياء والمرسلين وعلى آله وصحبه وأتباعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.