01. ROOIYYAT-E-HILAL (CHAND KA DEKHNA) [Sighting the new moon]
01. Rooiyyat e Hilal (Chand Ka Dekhna)
Islami ibadaat ka Rooiyyt e Hilal se gehra talluq hai khusoosan Roze ka. Roza rakhna, iftaar karna aur Eid manana sab qamri chaand par munhasir hain.
Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ ۖ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ
Tarjumah: Log Aap se Chaand ke baare mein poochte hain, Aap keh dijye ke yeh logon (ki ibadat) ke waqton aur hajj ke mausam ke liye hai…
(Surah Al-Baqarah, Surah No:2 Ayat No: 189)
Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ka irshad hai:
فَصُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدِرُوا لَهُ ثَلَاثِينَ
Tarjumah: Chaand dekh kar Roza rakho or chaand dekh kar roza khatm karo. Agar badli chaa jaaye to (Sha’baan ke) Tees (30) din poore karo.
(Sahih Muslim: 1080)
Is liye musalmanon ko har maheene chaand dekhne ka ehtimaam karna chahiye khusoosan ahem maheene Ramadhan, Shawwaal, Zil Hijjah waghera.
➤ Chaand dekhne ki dua:
اللَّهُمَّ أَهْلِلْهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْيُمْنِ وَالْإِيمَانِ وَالسَّلَامَةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللَّهُ
{(Sunan Tirmidhi: 3451) Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne Silsila As-Saheehah: 1816 mein isko sahih kaha hai}
➤ 29 ka chaand nazar na aaye to Sha’baan ke 30 din poore kiye jaane ke baad Roza rakha jaayega. Upar wali Hadees is ki daleel hai.
➤ Har shakhs ka chaand dekhna zaroori nahi hai, kisi ilaaqe mein ek aadil musalman ka chaand dekhna kaafi hai.
Daleel:
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: تَرَاءَى النَّاسُ الْهِلَالَ، فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ، فَصَامَهُ، وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِصِيَامِهِ
Tarjumah: Hazrat Ibn e Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma kehte hain ke logon ne chaand dekhne ki koshish ki (lekin unhein nazar na aaya) or main ne Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ko khabar di ke main ne chaand dekh liya hai, to Aap Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne khud bhi Roza rakha aur logon ko bhi roza rakhne ka hukm diya.
{(Sunan Abi Daud: 2342) Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne isko Sahih kaha hai}
➤ Ek shehar ki Rooiyyat (dekhna) qareebi un tamam shehar walon ke liye kaafi hogi jin ka matla’ ek ho. Matla’ ke ikhtelaaf se ek shehar ki rooiyyat doosre shehar ke liye nahi maani jaayegi. Daleel:
عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، أَنَّ أُمَّ الْفَضْلِ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ، بَعَثَتْهُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِالشَّامِ قَالَ فَقَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ فَقَضَيْتُ حَاجَتَهَا وَاسْتُهِلَّ عَلَىَّ رَمَضَانُ وَأَنَا بِالشَّامِ فَرَأَيْتُ الْهِلاَلَ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي آخِرِ الشَّهْرِ فَسَأَلَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ – رضى الله عنهما – ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْهِلاَلَ فَقَالَ مَتَى رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلاَلَ فَقُلْتُ رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ . فَقَالَ أَنْتَ رَأَيْتَهُ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَرَآهُ النَّاسُ وَصَامُوا وَصَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ . فَقَالَ لَكِنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ السَّبْتِ فَلاَ نَزَالُ نَصُومُ حَتَّى نُكْمِلَ ثَلاَثِينَ أَوْ نَرَاهُ . فَقُلْتُ أَوَلاَ تَكْتَفِي بِرُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَصِيَامِهِ فَقَالَ لاَ هَكَذَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
Tarjumah: Hazrat Kuraib se riwayat hai ke Hazrat Umm ul Fazl Bint e Haris Radhiallahu Anha ne mujhe Hazrat Mu’aawiyah Radhiallahu Anhu ki taraf mulk e Shaam bheja. Main Shaam mein pahuncha to main ne Hazrat Umm e Fazl Radhiallahu Anha ka kaam poora kiya. Aur wahein par Ramadhan ul Mubarak ka chaand zahir ho gaya. Aur main ne Shaam mein hi juma’ (fariday) ki raat chaand dekha phir main maheene ke aakhir mein Madinah aaya to Hazrat Ibn e Abbas Radhiallahu Anhuma ne chaand ka zikr kiya to mujhe poochne lage ke tum ne chaand kab dekha hai? To main ne kaha ke hum ne juma’ ki raat chaand dekha hai. Phir farmaya! Tum ne khud dekha hai? Main ne kaha haan! Aur logon ne bhi dekha hai aur unhon ne Roza rakha Hazrat Mu’aawiyah Radhiallahu Anhu ne bhi Roza rakha. Hazrat Ibn e Abbas Radhiallahu Anhuma ne kaha ki lekin hum ne to saturday ki raat chaand dekha hai, or saturday se Roza shuru kiya hai, ab chaand ho jaane tak hum to tees (30) Roze poore karenge ya yeh ki chaand nazar aa jaaye. Main ne kaha ki kya Hazrat Mu’aawiyah Radhiallahu Anhu ka chaand dekhna aur un ka roza rakhna kaafi nahi hai? Hazrat Ibn e Abbas Radhiallahu Anhuma ne kaha nahi! RasoolAllah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne hamein isi tarah karne ka hukm farmaya hai.
(Sahih Muslim: 1087)
Yeh hadees Muslim, Tirmizi (693), Nasai (2111), Abu Dawood (2332) waghera mein maujood hai, is Hadees par Muhaddiseen ke Abwab se baat aur bhi wazeh ho jaati hai.
✫Sahih Muslim ka baab:
باب بَيَانِ أَنَّ لِكُلِّ بَلَدٍ رُؤْيَتَهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ إِذَا رَأَوْا الْهِلَالَ بِبَلَدٍ لَا يَثْبُتُ حُكْمُهُ لِمَا بَعُدَ عَنْهُمْ
✫Imam Tirmizi Rahimahullah ka baab:
باب مَا جَاءَ لِكُلِّ أَهْلِ بَلَدٍ رُؤْيَتُهُمْ
✫Imam Nasai Rahimahullah ka baab:
باب اخْتِلاَفِ أَهْلِ الآفَاقِ فِي الرُّؤْيَةِ
✫Imam Abu Dawood Rahimahullah ka baab:
باب إِذَا رُؤِيَ الْهِلاَلُ فِي بَلَدٍ قَبْلَ الآخَرِينَ بِلَيْلَةٍ
➤ Print Media ya Electronic Media ke zariye chaand ki khabar paane par yeh tehqeeq karna zaroori hai ke khabar adil musalman ya qabil e aitmaad idaare ki taraf se hai ke nahi?
➤ Hindustan, Pakistan, Nepal aur Bangladesh waghera yani jis jis country mein Saudi Arab se matla’ ka farq padta hai wahan ke log Saudi ke hisaab se na Roza rakhenge or na hi Eid manayenge.
➤ Kuch ilaaqe aise hain jin mein 6 maheene din or 6 maheene raat hoti hai aise mulk mein rehne waale log qareebi mulk ke hisaab se Roza, iftaar or namaz ada karenge.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “Ramazaan ke kuch Ahkaam-o-Masael”
Taleef: “Shaikh Maqbool Ahmad Salafi Hafidhahullah”
Roman Transliteration by: Umar Asari
Sighting the new moon
“Sighting the new moon is something that is decreed by the fact that some acts of worship are connected to specific times. It is prescribed for the Muslims to strive in seeking it and it is more important on the night before the thirtieth of Sha`ban, in order to find out whether Ramadan has begun, and on the night before the thirtieth of Ramadan in order to find out whether the month has ended and Shawwal has begun, and on the night before the thirtieth of Dhu’l-Qa’dah to find out if Dhu’l-Hijjah has begun. These three months have to do with two of the pillars of Islam, namely fasting and Hajj, and the setting of the dates for `Eid Al-Fitr and `Eid Al-Adhha.
[1] Al Quran:
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ ۖ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ
They ask you ˹O Prophet˺ about the phases of the moon. Say, “They are a means for people to determine time and pilgrimage.”
{Surah Baqarah:2: 189]
Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) Said:
“ الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا – ثُمَّ عَقَدَ إِبْهَامَهُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ – فَصُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدِرُوا لَهُ ثَلاَثِينَ ” .
Ibn Umar reported that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) made a mention of Ramadan and he with the gesture of his hand said:
The month is thus and thus. (He then withdrew his thumb at the third time). He then said: Fast when you see it, and break your fast when you see it, and if the weather is cloudy calculate it (the months of Sha’ban and Shawwal) as thirty days.
[Sahih Muslim: 1080]
Dua sight of the new moon
اللَّهُمَّ أَهْلِلْهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْيُمْنِ وَالْإِيمَانِ وَالسَّلَامَةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللَّهُ
At the sight of the new moon (of the lunar month), the Prophet (ﷺ) used to supplicate: “Allahumma ahillahu ‘alaina bil-amni wal-iman, was-salamati wal-Islam, Rabbi wa Rabbuk-Allah, Hilalu rushdin wa khairin (O Allah, let this moon appear on us with security and Iman; with safety and Islam. (O moon!) Your Rubb and mine is Allah. May this moon be bringing guidance and good).”
[Sunan Tirmidhi: 3451]
[2] Shaykh Ibn `Uthaymin (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: Are all the Muslims sinning if none of them sights the new moon at the beginning or end of Ramadan?
He replied:
“Sighting the new moon of Ramadan or Shawwal is something that was established at the time of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), because Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The people looked for the new moon and I told the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that I had seen it, so he fasted and told the people to fast.
Undoubtedly the way of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) is the best and most complete guidance.” (48 Su’alan fis-Sawm, no. 21)
So it seems that sighting the new moon of Ramadan, Shawwal and Dhul-Hijjah is a communal obligation, because it is connected to two of the pillars of Islam: fasting and Hajj.
Some of the jurists were of the view that moon sighting is recommended.
It says in Majma` Al-Anhar (1/283): “It is a communal obligation for the people to seek the new moon on the evening of the twenty-ninth of Sha`ban or Ramadan, and also of Dhul Qi`dah, and it is obligatory for the ruler to enjoin the people to do that.”
It says in Al-Fatawa Al-Hindiyyah (1/197): “It is obligatory for the people to seek the new moon on the twenty-ninth of Sha`ban at the time of sunset, and if they see it they must fast. If it is cloudy then they must complete the month as thirty days.” (See Fath Al-Qadir, 2/313)
It says in Kashshaf Al-Qina` (2/300): “It is recommended for the people on the night before the thirtieth of Sha`ban to sight the new moon of Ramadan .”
[3] Regarding The Testimony Of A Single Person About Seeing The Crescent Of Ramadan
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ تَرَاءَى النَّاسُ الْهِلاَلَ فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِصِيَامِهِ .
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
The people looked for the moon, so I informed the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that I had sighted it. He fasted and commanded the people to fast.
[Abu Dawood: 2342]
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ، وَابْنُ، حُجْرٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، – وَهُوَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ – عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، – وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَرْمَلَةَ – عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، أَنَّ أُمَّ الْفَضْلِ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ، بَعَثَتْهُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِالشَّامِ قَالَ فَقَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ فَقَضَيْتُ حَاجَتَهَا وَاسْتُهِلَّ عَلَىَّ رَمَضَانُ وَأَنَا بِالشَّامِ فَرَأَيْتُ الْهِلاَلَ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي آخِرِ الشَّهْرِ فَسَأَلَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ – رضى الله عنهما – ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْهِلاَلَ فَقَالَ مَتَى رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلاَلَ فَقُلْتُ رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ . فَقَالَ أَنْتَ رَأَيْتَهُ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَرَآهُ النَّاسُ وَصَامُوا وَصَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ . فَقَالَ لَكِنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ السَّبْتِ فَلاَ نَزَالُ نَصُومُ حَتَّى نُكْمِلَ ثَلاَثِينَ أَوْ نَرَاهُ . فَقُلْتُ أَوَلاَ تَكْتَفِي بِرُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَصِيَامِهِ فَقَالَ لاَ هَكَذَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم . وَشَكَّ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى فِي نَكْتَفِي أَوْ تَكْتَفِي .
Kuraib reported that Umm Fadl, daughter of Harith, sent him (Fadl, i.e. her son) to Mu’awiya in Syria. I (Fadl) arrived in Syria, and did the needful for her. It was there in Syria that the month of Ramadan commenced. I saw the new moon (of Ramadan) on Friday. I then came back to Medina at the end of the month. Abdullah b. ‘Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) asked me (about the new moon of Ramadan) and said:
When did you see it? I said: We saw it on the night of Friday. He said: (Did) you see it yourself? I said: Yes, and the people also saw it and they fasted and Mu’awiya also fasted, whereupon he said: But we saw it on Saturday night. So we will continue to fast till we complete thirty (fasts) or we see it (the new moon of Shawwal). I said: Is the sighting of the moon by Mu’awiya not valid for you? He said: No; this is how the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has commanded us. Yahya b. Yahya was in doubt (whether the word used in the narration by Kuraib) was Naktafi or Taktafi.
[Sahih Muslim: 1087]
[4] What is obligatory is to fast when the sighting of the moon is confirmed, even if it is seen by only one trustworthy Muslim, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) issued orders to fast when a Bedouin testified that he had seen the new moon. Interpreting the hadeeth “Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it” as meaning that no individual should fast until he sees the new moon for himself is incorrect, because the hadeeth is telling everyone to fast when the sighting is confirmed, even if only one trustworthy Muslim sees the new moon.
(Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/94).
Further evidence that the sighting of the new moon by one trustworthy, reliable Muslim is sufficient for fasting to be obligatory on all the people is the hadeeth of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: “The people went out to sight the new moon and I told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that I had seen it, so he fasted and told the people to fast.”
(Reported by Abu Dawood in his Sunan, Kitaab al-Sawm, Baab fi Shahaadat al-Waahid ‘ala ru’yat hilaali Ramadan).
Some of those who follow bid’ah delay fasting until after all the other Muslims have started to fast, because of their misguided belief that fasting is not obligatory on a person until he sees the new moon for himself. The ahaadeeth refute this, and we would ask them moreover: what are those who are blind or who have poor eyesight supposed to do? It is as Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “…Verily, it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts which are in the breasts that grow blind.” [al-Hajj 22:46].
And Allah is the One Who guides to the Straight Path.
[5] If he follows the moon sighting from another country, is it acceptable to delay the Eid prayer so that he can pray with the people in his country?
Praise be to Allah.
If the people of your country rely on moon sighting as prescribed in sharee‘ah, then you should start and end the fast with them, and you should not differ from them and follow the moonsighting of another country, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “The fast is the day when you fast and al-Fitr is the day when you break the fast, and al-Adha is the day when you offer the sacrifice.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 697, who said: some of the scholars interpreted this hadeeth as meaning that the beginning and end of the fast should be observed with the main body of Muslims and the majority of the people. The hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
If you follow the madhhab of those who think that sighting the moon in one country is binding upon all countries, and this means that Eid for you comes before their Eid, then you should conceal the fact that you have broken the fast and offer the Eid prayer with them on the following day.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:… If you think that the first opinion should be followed and that if the sighting of the new moon is proven in any part of the Muslim world in the manner prescribed in sharee‘ah and that it is binding to act upon that, but your country does not follow that and follows one of the two other opinions, then you should not openly show that you are differing from them, because of the fitnah and confusion and arguments that may result from that. You can fast secretly at the beginning of Ramadan and break the fast secretly at the beginning of Shawwaal. As for differing openly, that is not appropriate and it is not something that is enjoined by Islam.
End quote from Majmoo‘ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 19/44.
And Allah knows best.
REFERENCES:
[1] Quran.com
[2] https://islamqa.info/en/answers/68828/is-moon-sighting-essential
[3]Sunnah.com
[4] https://islamqa.info/en/answers/1584/is-it-necessary-for-every-single-muslim-to-see-the-new-moon-of-ramadan
[5] https://islamqa.info/en/answers/157275/if-he-follows-the-moon-sighting-from-another-country-is-it-acceptable-to-delay-the-eid-prayer-so-that-he-can-pray-with-the-people-in-his-country