06. ROZEDAARON KI QISMEIN AUR UNKE AHKAAM [Who Is Exempt from fasting during Ramadan?]
06. ROZEDAARON KI QISMEIN AUR UNKE AHKAAM
Ⓐ Bemaar:
Bemaar do (2) tarah ke hote hain:
Ek woh bemaar jo Roze ki wajah se mashaqqat ya jismani zarar (takleef) mehsoos karen ya shadeed bemaari ki wajah se din mein dawa khaane par majboor hon to apna Roza chor sakte hain. Zarar (takleef) or nuqsaan ki wajah se jitna Roza chorenge utne ki baad mein qaza karni hai.
Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
Tarjumah: Aur jo koi mareez ho ya phir musafir ho to doosre dinon mein ginti poori kare.
(Surah Al-Baqarah, Surah No: 2 Ayat No: 184)
Doosre wo bemaar jin ki shifayaabi ki umeed na ho aur aise hi boodhe (aged) mard o aurat jo Roza rakhne ki taaqat na rakhte hon un dono ko Roza chorna jaaiz hai aur har Roze ke badle daily ek miskeen ko nisf saa’ (taqreeban one and half kg) ghehon, chawal ya khaayi jaane waali doosri cheezein de den. Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ
Tarjumah: Aur is ki taaqat rakhne waale Fidya mein ek miskeen ko khaana den.
(Surah Al-Baqarah, Surah No: 2 Ayat No: 184)
⚠ Yahan yeh dhiyaan rahe ke mamooli pareshani jaise zukam, sar dard waghera (etc) ki wajah se Roza todna jaaiz nahi hai.
Ⓑ Musafir:
Ramadhan mein musafir ke liye Roza chorna jaaiz hai jaisa ki Allah Taala ka farmaan hai:
فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
Tarjumah: Aur jo koi mareez ho ya phir musafir ho to doosre dinon mein ginti poori kare.
(Surah Al-Baqarah Surah No: 2, Ayat No: 184)
Agar safar mein Roza rakhne mein mashaqqat na ho to musafir haalat e safar mein bhi Roza rakh sakta hai. Is ke bohat saare dalail hain. Jaise:
Ek Sahabi ne Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam se safar mein Roze ke baare mein poocha to Aap Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne farmaya:
إِنْ شِئْتَ صُمْتَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ
Tarjumah: Agar tum chaho to Roza rakh lo aur agar chaho to Roza chor do.
(Nasai: 2294)
⚠ Musafir chore huwe Roze ki qaza baad mein karega.
Ⓒ Aurat Ka Roza:
Haiz wali aur bachcha janam dene waali aurat ke liye khoon aane tak Roza chorne ka hukm hai.
Aur jaise hi khoon band ho jaaye Roza rakhna shuru kar de. Kabhi kabhi nufasa (wo aurtein jin ko bachche ki wiladat ke baad khoon aata hai) chalees (40) din se pehle hi paak ho jaati hain to paak hone par Roza hai. Aurat ke liye khoon rookne waali dawa istemaal karne se behtar hai usi haalat mein rahe (means khoon rokne waali medicines na le). Haiz aur nifas (wo khoon jo bachche ki paidaish ke baad aata hai usko nifaas kehte hain) ke alawah khoon aaye to us se Roza nahi todna hai balki Roza jaari rakhna hai.
Doodh pilaane waali aurat aur haamla aurat (pregnant women) ko jab apne liye ya bachche ke liye Roze ki wajah se khatra ho to Roza chor sakti hai. Lekin nuqsan na ho to Roza chorna jaaiz nahi hai. Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ke is farmaan ka yahi matlab hai:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَضَعَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ الصَّوْمَ وَشَطْرَ الصَّلَاةِ وَعَنْ الْحُبْلَى وَالْمُرْضِعِ
Tarjumah: Allah Taala ne musafir ke liye aadhi namaz maaf farma di aur musafir, haamla aur doodh pilaane waali ke Roze maaf farma diye.
(Nasai: 2315)
Bemaar aur boodhi (aged) aurat ke ehkaam pehle number yaani (A) mein shaamil hain.
Jab uzr ki wajah se aurat Roza chor de to baad mein us ki qaza kare. Haamla (pregnent) aur dhoodh pilane waali aurat ke talluq se fidya ka zikr milta hai jo ke sahih nahi hai.
Ⓓ Bachchon ka Roza:
Bachchon par Roza farz nahi hai jab tak baaligh na ho jaayen kiunki Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ka farmaan hai:
رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلاَثَةٍ عَنِ الْمَجْنُونِ الْمَغْلُوبِ عَلَى عَقْلِهِ حَتَّى يُفِيقَ وَعَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ وَعَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ
Tarjumah: Teen (3) qism (ke logon) se qalam utha liya gaya hai, Majnoon se jiski aqal jaati rahe yahan tak ki sehatyaab (theek) ho jaaye, sooye huwe shakhs se yahan tak ki wo bedaar ho jaaye, bachche se yahan tak ki wo baligh ho jaaye.
(Abu Dawood: 4401)
Lekin tarbiyat ke taur par bachchon se bhi Roza rakhwaya jaaye jab wo Roza rakhne ki taaqat rakhte hon. Baaz ulama ne Roze ke liye bachchon ki munasib umar (age) dus (10) saal batlaayi hai kiunki Hadees mein dus (10) saal par namaz chorne par maarne ka hukm hai. Khair daswaan saal ho ya us se pehle ka agar bachche Roza rakh satke hon to sarparast ki zimmedaari hai ke un se Roza rakhwaayen. Is ki misaal quroon e mufazzalah mein milti hai:
عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذٍ، قَالَتْ أَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم غَدَاةَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قُرَى الأَنْصَارِ “ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ، وَمَنْ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيَصُمْ ”. قَالَتْ فَكُنَّا نَصُومُهُ بَعْدُ، وَنُصَوِّمُ صِبْيَانَنَا، وَنَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ مِنَ الْعِهْنِ، فَإِذَا بَكَى أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ أَعْطَيْنَاهُ ذَاكَ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ عِنْدَ الإِفْطَارِ
Tarjumah: Rubai’ bint e Mu’awwiz Radhiallahu Anha kehti hain ki Aashorh (10th of Muharram) ki subah Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Ansaar ke villages mein kehla bheja ke subah jis ne kha pi liya ho woh din ka baqi hissa (Rozedaar ki tarah) poore kare aur jis ne kuch khaya piya na ho woh Roze se rahe. Rubai’ kehti hain ke phir baad mein bhi (Ramadhan ke Roze ke farz hone ke baad) hum us din Roza rakhte aur apne bachchon se bhi rakhwaate they. Unhein hum oon (wool) ka ek khilona de kar behlaye rakhte. Jab koi khaane ke liye rota to wahi de dete, yahan tak ke iftaar ka waqt aa jata.
(Sahih Bukhari: 1960 and Sahih Muslim: 1136)
➤ Ta’leeqaat e Bukhari mein “Baab saum us sibyaan (bachchon ke Roza rakhne ke baare mein baab)” ke tehat yeh riwayat zikr ki gayi hai ke Umar Radhiallahu Anhu ne Ramadhan ul Mubarak mein nasha karne waale shakhs ko maarte huwe farmaya: Tu tabaah ho jaaye, hamare to bachche bhi Roze se hain.
Ⓔ Bina uzr ke jaan boojh kar Roza chorne waala:
Ramadhan mein baghair uzr ke jaan boojh kar Roza chorne waala gunaah e kabeera (bade gunaahon) ka murtakib hai (means bagair uzr ke jaan boojh kar Ramadhan mein Roza chorna yeh kabeera gunaah hai). Use sab se pehle apne gunah se sachchi tauba karni chahiye aur jo Roza chora hai us ki baad mein qaza bhi kare. Aur agar koi Roze ki halat mein jimaa’ (sexual intercourse) kar leta hai use qaza ke saath kaffara bhi ada karna hoga. Kaffara mein londi azad karna ya musalsal do maheene ka Roza rakhna ya saath (60) miskeeno ko khaana khilana hai.
Yaad rahe bina uzr Roza todne ka bhayanak anjaam hai. Mustadrak waghera ki riwayat hai:
عَنْ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ إِذْ أَتَانِي رَجُلانِ فَأَخَذَا بِضَبْعَيَّ فَأَتَيَا بِي جَبَلا وَعْرًا فَقَالا لِي : اصْعَدْ , فَقُلْتُ : ” إِنِّي لا أُطِيقُهُ ” ، فَقَالا : إِنَّا سَنُسَهِّلُهُ لَكَ فَصَعِدْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي سَوَاءِ الْجَبَلِ إِذَا أَنَا بِأَصْوَاتٍ شَدِيدَةٍ , فَقُلْتُ : ” مَا هَذِهِ الأَصْوَاتُ ؟ ” , قَالُوا : هَذَا عَوَى أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ بِي فَإِذَا أَنَا بِقَوْمٍ مُعَلَّقِينَ بِعَرَاقِيبِهِمْ مُشَقَّقَةُ أَشْدَاقُهُمْ تَسِيلُ أَشْدَاقُهُمْ دَمًا ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ : ” مَنْ هَؤُلاءِ ؟ ” قَالَ : هَؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ يُفْطِرُونَ قَبْلَ تَحِلَّةِ صَوْمِهِمْ
Tarjumah: Abu Umama al Bahili Radhiallahu Anhu kehte hain ke main ne Rasoolallah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam se suna Aap farma rahe the: Ek martaba mein so raha tha mere paas do aadmi aaye unhon ne mujhe baazu se pakda aur woh dono mujhe ek mushkil pahad ke paas le aaye to unhon ne kaha ke is par chadho main ne kaha main is par chadhne ki taqat nahi rakhta, unhon ne kaha hum is ko Aap ke liye aasaan kar dete hain to main us par chadh gaya yahan tak ke jab pahad ke darmiyaan mein tha to main ne khaufnaak aawazein sunien to main ne kaha yeh aawazein kya hain? To unhon ne kaha ke yeh aag waalon ki cheekh o pukaar aur wawelah hai, phir mujhe ek jagah le jaaya gaya to maine wahan kuch logon ko dekha jo ulte latkaaye gaye the un ki baanchen (muh ke dono atraaf) phaadi hue thein aur un se khoon beh raha tha main ne kaha yeh kon hain to kaha yeh woh log hain jo Roza iftaar ke waqt se pehle hi khol dete the.
{Sahih ut Targheeb (Albani): 1005}
Hamari naseehaat ke liye ek Hadees hi kaafi hai.
⚠ Rozedaar ko chahiye ke Ramadhan mein bhalaayi ka kaam kare or munkar kaam se bache. Jo aadmi Roze se ho or jhoot bole, bura kaam kare or buri harkaton se na ruke aise Rozedaaron ke Roze ki koi haisiyat nahi hai. Allah aise logon ko pasand nahi farmata hai:
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ :مَنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ قَوْلَ الزُّورِ وَالْعَمَلَ بِهِ وَالْجَهْل فَلَيْسَ لِلَّهِ حَاجَةٌ فِي أَنْ يَدَعَ طَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ
Tarjumah: Abu Hurairah Radhiallahu Anhu ne bayan kiya ki Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne farmaya: Jo koi (Roze ki halat mein) jhoot bolna, fareb karna or jihalat ki baaton ko na chore Allah Taala ko uske bhooka or piyaasa rahne ki koi zaroorat nahi.
(Sahih Bukhari: 6057)
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “Ramazaan ke kuch Ahkaam-o-Masael”
Taleef: “Shaikh Maqbool Ahmad Salafi Hafidhahullah”
Roman Transliteration by: Umar Asari
Who Is Exempt from fasting during Ramadan?
Summary of answer
These are the valid reasons for breaking the fast during Ramadan: 1- sickness, 2- traveling, 3 – pregnancy and breastfeeding, 4- senility and old age, 5- intense hunger and thirst, and 6- compulsion.
Answer
Praise be to Allah.
One of the ways in which Allah has made things easy for His slaves is that He has only enjoined fasting upon those who are able to do it, and He has excused those who are unable to fast for a legitimate shar’i reason.
Valid reasons for breaking fast
The legitimate reasons for which one may be excused from fasting are as follows:
Sickness
Sickness means everything that means that a person is not healthy.
Ibn Qudamah said:
“The scholars agree that it is permissible for the sick person not to fas t in general. The basis of that is the ayah in which Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.” [al-Baqarah 2:184]
It was narrated that Salamah ibn al-Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “When this ayah was revealed – ‘And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day)’ [al-Baqarah 2:184 – interpretation of the meaning] – those who wanted not to fast could do that, and pay the fidyah (i.e., feed one poor person for each day). That remained the case until the following ayah was revealed, i.e., the verse:
‘And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day)’
[al-Baqarah 2:184 – interpretation of the meaning] – so it abrogated it.”
The sick person who fears that fasting may make his sickness worse or that it will slow down his recovery or damage a part of his body, has the option of not fasting, and indeed it is Sunnah for him not to fast and it is makruh for him to complete his fast, because that may lead to his death. So he has to be cautious and protect himself. Moreover, if the sick person is very ill, that makes it permissible for him not to fast. But if a healthy person fears difficulty or tiredness, it is not permissible for him to break his fast, if all that happens to him when he fasts is that he becomes tired.
Traveling
In order for traveling to result in a concession excusing one from fasting, the following conditions must be met:
- The journey must be long enough that prayers may be shortened.
- The traveler must not intend to settle in the place to which he travels.
- His journey must not be for any sinful purpose, rather it should be for a sound purpose, according to the majority of scholars. That is because being allowed not to fast is a concession and relief that the sinner does not deserve on his journey, because the purpose of his journey is to commit sin – such as one who travels in order to commit banditry, for example.
Cancellation of the concession for traveling
This concession of traveling is cancelled by two things:
- When the traveler returns home and enters his hometown, which is the place where he resides.
- When the traveler decides to stay indefinitely, or for a lengthy period in one place, and the place is fit for settling in. Thus he becomes a resident (or non-traveller), so he should pray his prayers in full and not break his fast in Ramadan, because the rulings on travel no longer apply to him.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
The fuqaha are agreed that pregnant and breastfeeding women may break their fast in Ramadan, on the condition that they think there is a risk that they or their children may become ill or more ill, or be harmed or may die. The evidence for this concession in their case is the ayah (interpretation of the meaning):
“and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasts) must be made up] from other days ” [al-Baqarah 2:185]
This does not refer to merely being sick, for the sick person who will not be harmed by fasting is not allowed to break the fast; here sickness is mentioned as a metaphor for any situation where fasting when sick may cause harm. This is what is meant by sickness here. That may be the case in pregnancy and when breastfeeding, so these two cases are included in the concession of breaking the fast. The evidence that women in these cases are allowed not to fast is the hadith of Anas ibn Malik al-Ka’bi (may Allah be pleased with him), who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah has relieved the traveler of fasting and half of prayer, and He has relieved the pregnant and breastfeeding woman of fasting.”
Senility and old age
Senility and old age refers to one who is old and has lost his strength, or who is approaching death, so that every day he becomes weaker, until he dies, or who is suffering from a terminal or incurable illness and has no hope of recovery. The evidence that it is prescribed for such people not to fast is the ayah (interpretation of the meaning):
“And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day)” [al-Baqarah 2:184]
Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that this ayah has not been abrogated, and it applies to old men and old women who cannot fast, so for each day they should feed one poor person.
Intense hunger and thirst
If a person is overtaken by intense hunger or unbearable thirst , then he should break his fast and eat just as much as he needs to ward off that hunger, then he should refrain from eating for the rest of the day, and make up for that fast later on.
The scholars added to intense hunger and thirst the fear of weakness when meeting the enemy, or fearing or expecting an attack, such as when one is surrounded. So if a fighter knows for sure or thinks it most likely that there will be fighting because he is facing the enemy, and he fears that fasting may make him weak when fighting, and he is not traveling, then he may break his fast before fighting.
Compulsion
Compulsion means one person forcing another to do something or not to do something against his will, by means of threats.
And Allah knows best.
REFERENCE:
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/23296/who-is-exempt-from-fasting-during-ramadan