062. Qur’an-e-Kareem ki Muhakkim-o-Mutashaaba’ Aayaat

Qur’an-e-Kareem ki Muhakkim-o-Mutashaaba’ Aayaat

[Sawaal]

Qur’an-e-Kareem ki Muhakkim aur mutashaaba’ Aayaat kon si hain? Qur’an-e-Kareem ki tamaam Aayaat ko Muhakkim hi kio na bana diya gaya taakeh log haqq ke siwa aur koi ta’weel kar hi na sakte?

[Jawab]

Aap ko ma’loom hona chaahiye ke Qur’an-e-Kareem ki ta’reef mein Allah Ta’ala ne teen ausaaf zikr farmaae hain:

(1) Qur’an saare ka saara Muhakkim hai, Chunaanche farmaaya:

الٓر‌ ۚ تِلۡكَ اٰيٰتُ الۡكِتٰبِ الۡحَكِيۡمِ

(Younis 1 10)

“Yeh us kitaab ki Aayaat hain jo hikmat-o-Daanish se labrez hai.”

Aur farmaaya:

الٓرٰ‌ ۚكِتٰبٌ اُحۡكِمَتۡ اٰيٰـتُهٗ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتۡ مِنۡ لَّدُنۡ حَكِيۡمٍ خَبِيۡرٍۙ

(Haud 1 11)

“Yeh woh kitaab hai jis ki Aayatein mustehkam hain.”

(2) Doosri sift yeh ke Qur’an-e-Kareem mutashaaba’ hai jaisa ke Irshaad hai:

اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُتَشَبِها

(Al-Zamar 23 39)

“Allah ne nihaayat achi baatein naazil farmaai hain (Yaane) kitaab (Jis ki Aayatein baaham) milti julti hain.”

Yeh hukm ‘aam hai jo sab Qur’an ko shaamil hai aur is ke ma’ani yeh hain ke Qur’an mehakam hai. apne akhbaar’ Ahkaam aur alfaaz ke e’itbaar se nihaayat mustehkam hai. Aur yahan mutashaaba ke ma’ani yeh hain ke kamaal, ‘Umdigi, Tasdeeq aur hum aahingi ke e’itbaar se Qur’an ke ba’az maqaam ba’az deegar se mushaabihat rakhte hain. Qur’an-e-Kareem ke ahkaam-o-akhbaar mein qat’an koi tanaaquz nahi hai balkeh saare ka saara Qur’an ek doosre maqaam ki tasdeeq bhi karta hai aur us ki sachaai ki shahaadat bhi deta hai, Jahan insaan ko bazaahir koi ta’rruz mehsoos ho wahan tadabbur aur ghour-o-fikar se kaam lena chaahiye, Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْءَ انَّ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا

(Al-Nisaa 4 82)

“Bhala yeh Qur’an mein ghour kio nahi karte agar yeh Allah ke siwa kisi aur ka (Kalaam) hota to us mein (Bohat sa) ikhtilaaf paate۔”

(3) Qur’an ka teesra wasf yeh bayaan hoa hai ke is ki ba’az Aayatein Muhakkim aur ba’az mutashaaba’ hain, Chunaanche Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

هُوَ الَّذِىۡۤ اَنۡزَلَ عَلَيۡكَ الۡكِتٰبَ مِنۡهُ اٰيٰتٌ مُّحۡكَمٰتٌ هُنَّ اُمُّ الۡكِتٰبِ وَاُخَرُ مُتَشٰبِهٰتٌ‌ؕ

(Aal ‘Imran 3 7)

“Wahi to hai jis ne tum par kitaab naazil ki jis ki ba’az Aayatein Muhakkim hain (Aur) wahi asal kitaab hain aur ba’az mutashaaba’ hain.”

Yahan Muhakkim se muraad woh Aayatein hain jin ke ma’ani waazeh aur zaahir hain kyunke is ke maqaabil yahan alfaaz yeh hain:

وَآخَرُ منشفت

Aur ek lafz ki tafseer us ke bamuqaabil iste’maal hone waale lafz hi se ma’loom ho sakti hai, Yeh tafseer ka ek ahem qaida hai jo mufassir ke saamne rehna chaahiye maslan Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

(فَانْفِرُ والبَاتِ أَوِ انْفِرُو اجْمِيْعًا)

Is mein lafz “Subaat” ke samajhne mein insaan ko mushkil mehsoos hoti hai lekin jab hum is ke bamuqaabil iste’maal hone waale alfaaz انْفِرُو اجْمِيْعًا ko dekhte hain to yeh mushkil door ho jaati hai aur baat samajh mein aa jaati hai ke subaat ke ma’ani mutfarriq aur alag alag ke hain. Isi usool ke mutaabiq jab hum is Aayat-e-kareema:

وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَبهت

(Aal ‘Imran 3 7)

“Jis ki ba’az Aayatein mehakam hain (Aur) wahi asal kitaab hain aur ba’az mutashaaba hain”

Par ghour karte hain to ma’loom hota hai ke Muhakkim se muraad woh Aayatein hain jin ke ma’ani bilkul waazeh aur ghair mushtaaba’ hain ke unhein ‘aam-o-khaas sabhi log jaante hain jaise (وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلوةَ وَآتُوا الزَّکٰوة) jaisi ayaat jin ki ma’ani bilkul zaahir hain. Isi tarah Qur’an-e-Kareem ki ba’az ayaat mutashabihaat hain, Jin se muraad aisi Aayaat hain jin ke ma’ani bohat se logon ke liye makhfi hain ke un ke ma’ani Allah Ta’ala aur raasikh fil ‘ilm ‘Ulama hi jaante hain jaisa ke farmaaya:

وَاُخَرُ مُتَشٰبِهٰتٌ‌ؕ فَاَمَّا الَّذِيۡنَ فِىۡ قُلُوۡبِهِمۡ زَيۡغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُوۡنَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنۡهُ ابۡتِغَآءَ الۡفِتۡنَةِ وَابۡتِغَآءَ تَاۡوِيۡلِهٖۚ وَمَا يَعۡلَمُ تَاۡوِيۡلَهٗۤ اِلَّا اللّٰهُ ؔ‌ۘ وَ الرّٰسِخُوۡنَ فِى الۡعِلۡمِ

(Aal ‘Imraan 3 7).

“Aur ba’az mutashaabihaat hain to jin logon ke dilon mein kaji hai woh mutaashabihaat ka itteb’a karte hain taakeh fitna barpa karen aur muraad-e-asli ka pata lagaaein halaankeh muraad-e-asli Allah ke siwa koi nahi jaanta aur jo log ‘ilm mein dastgaah kaamil rakhte hain.”

Yahaan qiraat ke baare mein Aimma-e-salaf ke do qawl hain. Ek qawl to yeh hai ke illa Allah par waqaf kiya jaae aur doosra qawl yeh hai ke yahan waqf na kiya jaae balkeh wasal ke saath Yaane us se aage mila kar padha jaae. Baharhaal yahaan dono tarah padhna jaaiz hai.

Saa’il ne jo yeh poocha hai ke is mein Kia hikmat hai ke saare Qur’an ko Muhakkim kio na banaaya gaya aur us ki ba’az Aayaat ko mutashaaba kio banaaya gaya hai? Is ka jawaab do tarah se hai ek yeh ke ma’ani-e-‘aam ke e’itbaar se Qur’an saare ka saara Muhakkim hai jaisa ke hum ne jawaab ke aaghaz mein zikr kiya hatta ke is Aayat-e-kareema ke hawaale se bhi Qur’an Muhakkim hai aur woh is tarah ke jab hum mutashabihaat ko Muhakkim ke saath mila kar jaaiza lein ge to is ke ma’ani bhi waazeh aur zaahir hojaaein ge aur is tarah saara Qur’an hi Muhakkim ho ga.

Doosre yeh ke Allah Ta’ala ne kuch Aayaat ko mutashaaba qaraar diya hai, Jin ke samajhne ke liye tadabbur, Ghour-o-fikar aur unhein Muhakkim ki taraf loutaane ki zaroorat hoti hai. Allah Ta’ala ne unhein ek khaas hikmat ke pesh-e-nazar mutashaaba banaaya hai aur woh hikmat hai ibtala, Imtihaan aur aazmaaish ke ba’az log in Ayaat-e-mutashabihaat ko fitna ka zari’ya bana lete hain aur un ke hawaale se Qur’an par ta’an-o-tashkeek ka ilzaam thehraate hain halaankeh jis tarah Allah Ta’ala ke bayaan farmaae hue ahkaam-e-shari’yat ya us ki Aayaat-e-shari’yat. . . . . maslan. . . . . Qur’an. . . . . mein se kuch mutashaaba hain Isi tarah is ki koni-o-qadri Aayaat mein se bhi ba’az mutashaaba hain. Allah Ta’ala apne bandon ke imtihaan ke liye ba’az ashya ka hukm deta hai taakeh woh aazmaae ke bande us ke hukm par ‘amal karte hain ya nahi jaisa ke us ne Ahl-e-sabaat par hafta ke din machli ke shikaar par paabandi ‘aaid kar ke un ki aazmaaish ki thi aur us mein bhi un ki aazmaaish thi ke hafta ke din sataah-e-aab par badi kasrat se machliyaan numoodaar hoti then aur hafta ke ‘ilaawa baaqi dinon mein numoodaar nahi hoti thin lekin woh log is aazmaaish mein sabar na kar sake aur shikaar ke liye unhon ne ma’roof-o-mashoor heela ikhtiyaar kar liya ke Jumm’a ke din jaal laga liya taakeh us mein machliyan phans jaaein aur itwaar ko un ka shikaar kar lein lekin us heela saazi par Allah Ta’ala ne unhein saza di’ Isi tarah Allah Ta’ala ne hazraat Sahaaba Karaam رضي الله عنهم ki bhi aazmaaish ki, Chunaanche mulaahiza farmaaiye Aayat-e-Kareema:

يَتَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَيَبْلُوَلَكُمُ اللَّهُ بِشَيْ ءٍ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ تَنَالُهُ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَرِمَا حُكُمْ لِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَن يَخَافُهُ بِالْغَيْبِ

(Al-Maa’idah 5 94)

“Momino! Kisi qadar shikaar se jin ko tum haathon aur neezon se pakad sako Allah tumhari aazmaaish kare ga (Yaane haalat-e-ahraam mein shikaar ki mumania’t se) taakeh ma’loom kare ke is se ghaibaana kon darta hai.”

Allah Ta’ala ne Hazraat Sahaaba Karaam رضي الله عنهم ki bhi aazmaaish ki, Halaat-e-ahraam mein shikaar sahulat ke saath un ki dastaras mein tha lekin Sahaaba Karaam ne sabar kiya aur Allah Ta’ala ke us Haraam qaraar diye shikaar ko haath bhi na lagaaya. Isi tarah ayaat-e-Qur’aniya mein bhi ba’az mutashaaba ashya hoti hain jin mein baazahir ta’rruz aur ek doosre maqaam ki takzeeb hoti hai lekin raasikh fil al-‘ilm log jaante hain ke in ayaat mein tatbeeq ki Kia soorat hai lekin Ahl-e-fitna-o-shar in ayaat ki wajah se yeh kehne lagte hain ke Qur’an-e-Majeed mein ta’aruz aur tanaquz hai:

فَاَمَّا الَّذِيۡنَ فِىۡ قُلُوۡبِهِمۡ زَيۡغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُوۡنَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنۡهُ ابۡتِغَآءَ الۡفِتۡنَةِ وَابۡتِغَآءَ تَاۡوِيۡلِهٖۚ وَمَا يَعۡلَمُ تَاۡوِيۡلَهٗۤ اِلَّا اللّٰهُ

(Aal ‘Imraan 3 7)

“To jin logon ke dilon mein kaji hoti hai woh us mein se un Aayaaton ki pairwi karte hain jo baaham mukhtalif m’anon ki mutahamil hoti hain, Woh log fitna ke mutalashi hote hain aur un Aayaat ki haqeeqat ma’loom karna chaahte hain halaankeh un ki haqeeqat to Allah Ta’ala ke siwa kisi ko ma’loom nahi.”

__Shaikh Ibn-e-‘Usaymeen__