176. Ijtehaad-o-Iftaa

Ijtehaad-o-Iftaa

[Sawaal]

Kia Islami ahkaam ke baare mein ijtehaad ka darwaaza har insaan ke liye khula hai ya mujtahid ke liye kuch sharaait zaroori hain? Kia waazeh daleel ki ma’arifat ke baghair mehez apni raae se fatwa dena har insaan ke liye jaaiz hai? Aur is Hadees ka Kia darja hai jis ke alfaaz ya mafhoom yeh hai ke:

أَخْبَرُكُمْ عَلَى الْفُنْيَا أَخْرَؤُكُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ

“Tum mein se jo fatwa dene mein ziyaada jurrat se kaam leta hai, Woh jahannum ki aag ke baare mein bhi ziyaada diler hai?”

(Sunan Al-Daarmi, Al-Muqadma, Baab Al-Fatya-o-maa fihi min Al-Shiddat, 157)

[Jawab]

Ahkaam-e-shar’iya ki ma’arifat ke baare mein ijtehaad ka darwaaza har us shakhs ke liye khula hai, Jo is ka Ahl ho baayin taur ke jis masala mein woh ijtehaad kar raha ho us ke baare mein us se Aayaat aur Ahadees ka ‘ilm ho, Un ke fehm aur un se matlooba istadlaal ki us se qudrat haasil ho, Jin Ahadeea se istadlaal kar raha ho, Sehat-o-zo’uf ke e’itbaar se un ke darje ka ‘ilm ho, Zer-e-behs masaail mein ijm’a ke maqaamaat ka ‘ilm ho taakeh woh musalmaanon ke ijm’a ke khilaaf muaqqif ikhtiyaar na kar sake, ‘Arabi zabaan ki bhi itni pehchaan zaroori ho, jisse uske liye naswis ke mafhoom ka samajhna mumkin ho taakeh woh istadlaal-o-istanbaat kar sake. Kisi bhi insaan ke liye yeh jaaiz nahi ke woh Deen ke baare mein apni raae se koi baat kare ya logon ko ‘ilm ke baghair fatwa de balkeh us ke liye zaroori hai ke shar’i daleel se rehnumaai haasil kare, Phir Ahl-e-ilm ke aqwaal se istefaada kare aur dekhe un ke saamne kon se dalaail hain aur un ke istanbaat-o-istadlaal ka Kia tareeqa hai, Phir jis par us se qana’at haasil ho jaae aur jis se woh bataur-e-Deen apne liye pasand kar le Us ke mutaabiq guftugu bhi kar sakta hai aur fatwa bhi de sakta hai.

Hadees:

أَمْرَاكُمْ عَلَى الْفُنْيَا أَخْرَؤُكُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ

(Sunan Al-Daarmi, Al-Muqadma, Baab Al-Fatya-o-maa fihi min Al-Shiddat, H: 157)

Ko Hafiz ‘Abdullah-bin-‘Abdul Rehman Daarmi ne apni “Sunan” mein ‘Ubaidullah-bin-Abi Ja’afar Misri se murasalan riwaayat kiya hai.

(وصلی الله على نبينا محمد و آله وصحبه وسلم)

__Fatwa-e-committee__