209. Mareez ki tahaarat ke ahkaam

Mareez ki tahaarat ke ahkaam

الْحَمْدُ للهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَالصَّلُوةُ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى أَشْرَفِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ – وَبَعْدُ

Allah Subhaan-o-Ta’ala ne har Namaz ke liye tahaarat ka hukm diya hai lehaaza napaaki ko door karna aur najaasat ka aazala karna khuwah woh badan mein ho ya kapde mein ho ya us jagah mein ho jahan Namaz padhni ho, Namaz ki shar’it mein se hai lehaaza jab musalmaan Namaz ka iraada kare to us ke liye waajib hai ke choti napaaki ki soorat mein Wuzu kare aur badi napaaki ki soorat mein ghusl kare aur bol-o-baraz ki soorat mein zaroori hai ke paani ke saath istanja kiya jaae ya dheelon ko iste’maal kar liya jaae taa ke tahaarat-o- nazaafat mukammal taur par haasil ho jaae. Tahaarat-o-nazaafat se muta’lliq ba’az ahkaam ka zikr hasb-e-zail hai:

Dono raaston se nikalne waali har cheez maslan bol-o-baraz ki wajah se paani se istanja waajib hai. Neend ya mehez-e-hawa khaarij hone ki wajah se istanja nahi hai balkeh sirf Wuzu karna ho ga kyunke istanja ka hukm to azala-e-najaasat ke liye hai aur neend-o-khurooj-e-hawa ki soorat mein najaasat nahi hai.

Dheeley pathron ke hon ya jo cheez pathron ke qaaim maqaam ho sakti ho, Dheelon ke liye zaroori hai ke woh teen hon aur paak hon kyunke Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) se yeh saabit hai ke aap ne farmaaya:

مَنِ اسْتَجْمَرَ فَلْيُوتِرُ

“Jo shakhs dheele iste’maal kare woh taaq iste’maal kare.”

(Sunan Abi Dawood, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, Baab Al-Astar fi Al-Khala, H: 35, -o-Sunan Ibn-e-Maaja, Kitaab Ak-Tahaarat, H: 337)

Nez Aap (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

إِذَا ذَهَبَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ فَلْيَذْهَبْ مَعَهُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ فَإِنَّهَا تُجْزِى عَنْهُ

“Tum mein se koi jab qaza-e-haajat ke liye jaae to woh apne saath teen dheele le jaae yeh us ke liye kaafi hon ge”.

(Sunan Abi Dawood, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, Baab Al-Istanja Bal Ahjaar, H: 40)

Nabi (ﷺ) ne, mana’ farmaaya hai ke dheele teen se kam hon lear’ Haddi aur khaane ki kisi cheez ko aur har us cheez ko jo qaabil-e-ehtiraam ho bataur-e- dhela iste’maal karna jaaiz nahi. Afzal yeh hai ke pathron ko bataur-e-dhela iste’maal kiya jaae ya jo cheezein un se mushaabihat rakhen’ Maslan tissue papers waghaira aur phir dhelon ke ba’d pani iste’maal kiya jaae kyunke pathar a’in-e-najaasat ko zaa’il karte hain aur pani mahaal-e-najaasat ko paak karta hai lehaaza us se khoob khoob safai ho jaati hai. Aadmi ko ikhtiyaar hai ke woh paani ke saath istanja kare ya patharon waghaira ke saath safai kare. Hazrat Anas رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ se riwaayat hai ke:

يَدْخُلُ الْخَلَاءَ فَأَحْمِلُ أَنَا وَغُلَامُ نَحْوِي إِدَاوَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ وَعَنَزَةٌ فَيَسْتَنجِيْ بِالْمَاءِ

“Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) jab khala mein daakhil hote to mein ya mere jaisa koi aur ladka paani ka bartan aur neza utha leta aur Aap (ﷺ) paani se istanja farmaate.”

(Sahih Bukhari, Kitaab Al-Wuzu, Baab Hamal Al-‘Anza ma’a Al-Maa fi Al-Istanja, H: 152, -o-Sahih Muslim, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, Baab Al-Istanja baalmaa H: 271)

Hazrat Ayesha رضی اللہ عنہا se riwaayat hai ke unhon ne ‘Aurton ki ek jama’at se farmaaya:

يَدْخُلُ الْخَلَاءَ فَأَحْمِلُ أَنَا وَغُلَامُ نَحْوِي إِدَاوَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ وَعَنَزَةٌ فَيَسْتَنجِيْ بِالْمَاءِ

“Apne shoharon se kaho ke woh paani ke saath tahaarat karen, Mein un se baat karne mein haya mehsoos karti hoon aur Rasoolullah (ﷺ) Isi tarah kiya karte the.”

(Jaam’a Al-Tirmizi, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, Baab maa jaa fi Al-Istanja baalmaa H: 19)

Agar aadmi dono mein se ek par iktifa karna chaahe to afzal yeh hai ke paani par iktifa kare kyunke paani maqaam ko bhi paak karta hai aur ‘ain-e-najaasat ko bhi zaail karta hai, Is se nazaafat bhi khoob hoti hai. Agar dhelon par iktifa kare to phir teen dhele iste’maal kare, Agar maqaam saaf ho jaae to behtar warna chaar aur paanch iste’maal kare hatta ke maqaam paak saaf ho jaae lekin afzal yeh hai ke aadmi taaq tadaad mein iste’maal kare kyunke Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

مَنِ اسْتَجْمَرَ فَلْيُوتِر

“Jo dhele iste’maal kare, us se taaq iste’maal karne chaahiyein.”

(Sunan Abi Dawood, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, Baab Al-Astar fi Al-Khala, H: 35, -o- Sunan Ibn-e-Maaja, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, H: 337)

Dhela daaein haath se iste’maal nahi karna chaahiye kyunke Hazrat Salman رضی اللہ عنہ se riwaayat hai ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ne mana’ farmaaya ke:

نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَنْجِيَ أَحَدُنَا بِيَمِينِهِ لَا يُمْسِكُ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ وَهُوَ يَبُولُ وَلَا يَتَمَسَّحْ مِنَ الْخَلَاءِ بِيَمِينِهِ

“Hum mein se koi daaein haath se istanja na kare, Peshaab karte waqt daaein haath se apne aala-e-tanaasul ko na pakdo aur na daaein haath se istanja karo.”

(Sahih Bukhari, Kitaab Al-Wuzu, Baab Al-Nahi ‘an Al-Istanja baalemen, H: 153, -o-Sahih Muslim, Kitaab Al-Tahaarat, Baab Al-Nahi ‘an Al-Istanja baalemen, H: 267)

Agar baayan haath kata ho ya us mein koi bemaari ho to phir is tarah ki haalat mein bawaqt zaroorat daayan haath iste’maal karne mein koi harj nahi.

Islami shariy’at ki buniyaad chunki asaani aur sahulat par hai is liye Allah Ta’ala ne ‘uzr mein mubtala logon ke liye ‘ibaadat ke adaa karne mein hasb-e-‘uzr takhfeef kar di hai taakeh woh kisi harj aur mushaqqat ke baghair apni ‘ibaadat adaa kar saken.

Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَج

(Al-Hajj 22 78)

“Aur (Allah Ta’ala ne) tum par Deen (Ki kisi baat) par tangi nahi ki.”

Aur farmaaya:

يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ

(Al-Baqrah 2 185)

“Allah tumhare haqq mein asaani chaahta hai, Sakhti nahi chaahta.”

Aur farmaaya:

فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ

(Al-Taghabun 16 64)

“So jahan tak ho sake, Tum Allah se daro.”

Aur Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaaya hai:

إِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ

“Jab mein tumhein koi hukm doon to maqdoor bhar ita’at baja laao.”

(Sahih Bukhari, Kitaab Al-A’itisam baalkitaab-o-Al-Al-Sunnat, Baab Al-Iqtidaa-o-basunan-e-Rasoolullah ﷺ, H: 7288, -o-Sahih Muslim, Kitaab Al-Hajj, Baab Farz Al-Hajj maratan fi Al-‘Amar, H: 1337)

Isi tarah Aap (ﷺ) ne yeh bhi farmaaya ke:

“Deen asaan hai.”

Mareez ko jab paani ke saath tahaarat haasil karne ki istata’at na ho Yaane hadas-e-Asghar ki soorat mein Wuzu aur hadas-e-Akbar ki soorat mein ghusl karne se ‘aajiz ho ya us se marz mein izaafa ka khauf ho ya bemaari ke durust hone mein taakheer ka andeesha ho to woh tayammum kar le Yaane dono haathon ko paak mitti par ek baar maare aur apni ungliyon ke andar ke hisson ko apne chehre par phere aur hatheliyon ko dono baazuon par phere jaisa ke Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai

وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنكُم مِّنَ الْغَابِطِ أَوْ لَمَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاهُ فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُ

(Al-Maa’idah 5 6)

“Aur agar tum bemaar ho ya safar mein ho ya tum mein se koi bait-ul-khala se ho kar aaya ho ya tum ‘Aurton se hum bistar hue ho aur tumhein paani na mile to paak mitti lo aur munh aur haathon ka masaah (kar ke tayammum) kar lo.”

Jo shakhs paani ke iste’maal se ‘aajiz ho us ka hukm wahi hai, Jo us shakhs ka hai jis ke paas paani hi na ho kyunke Nabi (ﷺ) ka Irshaad-e-Giraami hai:

إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى

“Tamaam am’aal ka inhisaar niyyaton par hai aur har aadmi ke liye sirf wahi hai jis ki woh niyyat kare.”

(Sahih Bukhari, Kitaab Bad Al-Wahi, Baab Kaif Kaan Bmbad Al-Wahi ila Rasoolullah ﷺ , H: 1)

Mareez ke halaat mukhtalif hote hain maslan:

(1) Marz ma’mooli ho aur paani ke iste’maal se halaakat , bemaari mein izaafa Shifa yaabi mein taakheer aur dard mein numayan izaafa ka koi khadsha na ho jaise sar dard ya daadh mein dard waghaira ho ya mareez ke liye garam paani ka iste’maal mumkin ho aur is se us se koi nuqsaan na pohanchta ho to us ke liye tayammum jaaiz nahi kyunke tayammum ka jawaaz nafi zarar ke liye hai aur yahan koi zarar hai hi nahi aur paani bhi us ke paas maujood hai lehaaza us ke liye paani ka iste’maal waajib hai.

(2) Agar marz aisa ho ke paani ke iste’maal se halakat Ya kisi ‘uzu ke nakaarah hone ya us se kisi aise marz ke paida hone ka andesha ho, Jis se jaan ko khatrah laahaq ho ya koi ‘uzo nakaarah hone ya us ki afaadiyat khatam hone ka andesha ho to aise mareez ke liye tayammum jaaiz hai kyunke Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا

(Al-Nisaa 4 29)

“Aur apne aap ko halaak na karo, Bilaashuba Allah tum par mehrbaan hai.”

(3) Agar marz aisa hai ke aadmi chal phir nahi sakta aur us ke paas koi aur insaan bhi nahi jo us se paani muhayya kar sake to us ke liye bhi tayammum jaaiz hai.

(4) Jis shakhs ke jism par zakham hon ya phode phunsiyaan hon ya koi ‘uzo toota hoa ho ya marz aisa ho ke paani ka iste’maal nuqsaan de ho aur woh jumbi ho jaae to us ke liye Sabiqa dalaail ki buniyaad par tayammum karna jaaiz hai aur agar us ke liye jism ke sahih hisson ka dhona mumkin ho to us se dhona waajib ho ga aur baaqi hisson ka tayammum kar le.

(5) Agar mareez kisi aisi jagah ho jahan paani na ho, Mitti bhi na ho aur na koi aisa shakhs maujood ho jo mitti ya paani laa kar de sake to woh hasb-e-haal Isi tarah Namaz padh le Namaz ko mu’akkhar karna jaaiz nahi kyunke Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ

(Al-Taghabun 64 16)

“So jahan tak ho sake tum Allah se daro.”

(5) Salsal-ul-baul ka woh mareez jo ‘ilaaj mu’aalija se bhi sahih na ho sakta ho to us se waqt hone ke ba’d har Namaz ke liye Wuzu karna chaahiye aur jism ke us hissa ko dho lena chaahiye jahan peshaab laga ho. Agar mushaqqat na ho to Namaz ke liye alag paak kapde iste’maal kare warna us ke liye ma’afi hai aur woh unhi kapdon mein Namaz padh sakta hai.

Irshaad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:

وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٌ

(Al-Hajj 22 78)

“Aur (Allah Ta’ala ne) tum par Deen ki kisi baat mein tangi nahi ki.”

Nez farmaaya:

يُريدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْمُسْرَ

(Al-Baqrah 2 185)

“Allah tumhare haqq mein asaani chaahta hai, Sakhti nahi chaahta.”

Aur Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaaya hai ke:

(إِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ فَأْتُوْا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ)

“Jab mein tumhein koi hukm doon to maqdoor bhar us ki ita’at baja laao.”

(Sahih Bukhari، Kitaab Al-E’itsaam baalkitaab-o-Al-Sunnat، baab Al-Iqtada basunan Rasoolullah، H: 7288،-o-Sahih Muslim، Kitaab Al-Hajj، Baab Farz Al-Hajj Marat fi Al-‘Amar، H: 1337)

Salsal-al-Bol ke mareez ko ehtiyat karni chaahiye ke peshaab us ke kapdon, Jism aur Namaz ki jagah ko na lage. Yaad rahe tayammum bhi har us cheez se baatil ho jaata hai jis se Wuzu baatil hota hai, Nez paani ke iste’maal ki qudrat ke haasil hone ya m’adoom hone ki soorat mein paani ke mil jaane se bhi tayammum baatil ho jaae ga. Wallahu A’alam.

__Shaikh Ibn-e-Baaz__