Hz Umar ibn Khattab( رضي الله عنه)

 

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه)

After the demise of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) was made the second Caliph and was known by the name Ameerul Momineen.

Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) was the follower of truth and never accepted weakness. He was the one in whose caliphate the victories of Islam increased.

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Parents

 His fathers’s name was Khattab bin NufailHis mother’s name was Hantama bint Hashim bin Mugheera bin Abdullah bin Umar bin Makhzoom.

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Name And Lineage

His full name was Umar bin Khattab bin Nufail bin Abdul Uzza bin Riyaah bin Abdullah bin Qurt bin Rizaah bin Adee bin kaab.

His lineage converges with that of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in Ka’b ibn Lu’ayy ibn Ghalib.

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Kunniyat

His kunniyat was Aby Hafs because he was very brave. The young lion is known as Hafs.

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Title

Al-Farooque was his title. He was given the title Al-Farooque (the criterion) because he (رضي الله عنه) showed his Islam openly in Makkah and through him Allah distinguished between disbelief and faith.

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) didn’t do deeds openly because of the weakness of the companions of the Prophet. But, after accepting Islam Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) told the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that they are on the right path whereas the rest are not. So, they would offer namaz openly.

He (رضي الله عنه) took the Muslims to offer namaz in two columns. In front of one column was Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) and in front of another was Hz Hamza (رضي الله عنه) who accepted Islam 3 days ago.

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Birth

He (رضي الله عنه) was born 13 years after the Year of Elephant in 584 AD in Makka. He (رضي الله عنه) was 13 years younger than the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Qualities

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) had a great personality. He (رضي الله عنه) had some qualities:

• Tall
• Wide Chest
• Fair Complexion
• Muscular, Solid and Strong
• A Good Horse-Rider
• A Good Trader
• Literate
• Ashra e Mubashshara
• Father-in-Law of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
• Second Caliph of Islam
• The Caliph in whose caliphate the victory of Islam was the maximum
• Enemies feared him
•  

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Wives and Children

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) had 8 wives. At a time, he (رضي الله عنه) had four wives as per the Islamic Shariah. His three weddings were done in the Pre-Islamic Days of Ignorance and 5 weddings were done after accepting Islam.

3 Wedding in Pre Islamic Days of Ignorance

1) Zainab bint Mazoon : She accepted Islam

2) Quraiba : She was divorced

3) Umme Kulsum bint Jarwal : She was divorced

5 Weddings After Accepting to Islam

4) Umme Hakeem

5) Jameela

6) Aatika

7) Umme Kulsum bint Ali bin Abi Talib

8) Subayia

✦ Children

He (رضي الله عنه)  had 9 sons and 7 daughters.

Sons

1) Abdullah

2) Ubaidullah

3) Aasim

4) Zaid Akbar

5) Zaid Asghar

6) Abdurahman Akbar

7) Ayaaz

8) Abdurrahman Ausat

9) Abdurrahman Asghar

Daughters

1) Hafsa

2) Ruqaiyya

3) Fatima

4) Ayesha

5) Safiyya

6) Jameela

7) Zainab

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه) in the Pre-Islamic Days of Ignorance

In the Pre-Islamic Days of Ignorance, he (رضي الله عنه) was not an ordinary person but:

1) Leader of the Quraish

2) Afraid of none

3) Stick to his decisions

4) Honest and Truthful

5) Stick to his Promises

6) Strictly against the Islam

✦ Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) After Accepting Islam

Acceptance of Islam of Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه)

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه)  was strictly against the Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) supplicated, “O Allah, support Islam with the more beloved of these two men to You: Abu Jahl ibn Hisham or Umar ibn Khattab.” And the most beloved of them to Him was Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه). Allah created the circumstances that led Umar to Islam.

(Abu Jahl ibn Hisham whose kunniyat was Abul Hakam, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) named him Abu Jahl i.e., father of illiterate.

One midday on a very hot day, Umar (رضي الله عنه) went out with his sword  by his side in anger, looking for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and a group of his Companions, namely abu Bakr, Ali and Hamzah, among the Muslim men who stayed with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and had not migrated with those who migrated to Abyssinia. He (رضي الله عنه) was told that they had gathered in Dar-al-Arqam at the foot of As-Safa. He (رضي الله عنه) was met by Nuyam ibn Abdullah an-Nahham who said: “ Where are you headed, O Umar?” He (رضي الله عنه) said: “I am looking for this sabi (this one who has changed his religion), who has divided Quraysh, insulted their intelligence, criticized their religion and slandered their gods. I am going to kill him.” Nuyam told him: “What a bad course you have taken, O Umar. By Allah, you are fooling yourself, and have become careless, and you are going to be the cause of Banu Adiyy’s doom. Do you think that Banu Abd Manaf will leave you walking on the face of the Earth after you kill Muhammad?” They argued until their voices became loud, then Umar (رضي الله عنه) said: “I think you have changed your religion (i.e., became Muslim). If I find that to be true, I will start with you.” When an-Nahham realized that your family and the family of your brother-in-law have become Muslim and have forsaken you and the misguidance you follow.” When he heard what he said, he asked “Which of them?” He said, “Your brother-in-law, your paternal cousin and your sister.”

When Umar heard that his sister and her husband had become Muslim, anger overtook him and he went to them. When he knocked at the door they said, “Who is it?” He said, “The son of Al-Khattab.” They were reading a paper that was in their hands, but when they realized that Umar was there, they rushed to hide and they left the paper where it was. When he came in and his sister saw him, she recognized the evil intent that was on his face. So, she hid the paper beneath her leg. He (رضي الله عنه) said: “What is this muttering and whispering that I heard in your house?” For they had been reading Surah Taha. They said: “We were just talking amongst ourselves.” He said: “Perhaps you have changed your religion?” His brother-in-law said: “O Umar, what if the truth were in something other than your religion?” Umar attacked his brother-in-law Saeed, pulling his beard and they wrestled. Umar was very strong, and he threw Saeed to the ground and jumped on him, then sat on his chest. His sister came to her husband’s defence, but he pushed her away with his hand, and her face started to bleed. She said angrily: “O enemy of Allah, are you hitting me because I believe in Allah alone?” He said, “Yes.” She said: “Do what you like. I bear witness that there is no God except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). We have become Muslim whether you like it or not.” When Umar heard that, he regretted what he had done. He got up off his brother-in-law and sat down, then he said, “Give me this paper that you have.” She said: “I will not do that.” He said, “ Woe to you! What you said moved me. Give it to me so that I may look at it. I give you my solemn word that I will not betray you; you can take it back and put it wherever you want.” She said: “You are unclean, and none can touch [it] but the purified. Get up and wash yourself.” So Umar went out and washed himself, then he came back to his sister and she gave the paper to him, on which was written Surah Taha and some other surahs. He saw on it the words, Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Raheem (in the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). When he read the words ar-Rahman ar-Raheem, he was alarmed and threw the page down, then he regained control on himself, picked it up again, and read ayat no.14.

When Khabbab (رضي الله عنه) heard that he came out of the house where he had been hiding and said: “Be of good cheer, O Umar, for I hope that this is the answer to the dua of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) which he spoke on Monday: “O Allah, support Islam with the one of these two men who is more beloved to You: Abu Jahl ibn Hisham or Umar ibn Khattab.”

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) desired to meet the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and headed to meet him with his sword at the house where he was. Seeing Umar (رضي الله عنه) with the sword, the Companions of the Prophet were afraid. Hz Hamza (رضي الله عنه) said : “Open the door for him, if Allah wants good for him, he will become Muslim, and if He wants something other than that, then it will be easy for us to kill him.”

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and accepted Islam. When the Companions of the Prophet realized that Umar accepted Islam, all of them said, “AllahuAkbar”.

2) Migration of Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه)

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)  told his Companions to migrate when Kuffar-e-Makka troubled them.The Companions of the Prophet migrated to Madina at night.

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) went to Kaabah with his sword, did Tawaaf, offered 2 rakaats namaz and told the people of Quraysh, “May your faces become ugly! Allah will only rub these noses in the dust. Whoever wants his mother to be bereft of him and his children to become orphans or his wife to become a widow, let him meet me behind this valley.” Ali said, “No one followed him except a few of those who were weak and oppressed. He taught them and told them about Islam, then he went on his way.”

3) Islamic Conquests And Expansion Of The System By Umar (رضي الله عنه)

In the Caliphate of Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه), Islamic conquests began to increase as well as the Islamic System.

4) Extreme Knowledge of Quran And Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)

5) Kept Control Over Enemies

6) Took Care Of His Subjects

At night, when everyone was asleep, Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) used to disguise and meet his subjects to know about their conditions.

7) He was very God-Fearing

• Umar Farooque Mulhim

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) decreed that in every Ummah, Allah sends some people

(Allah puts the truth in those hearts that are truthful)

• Ilhaam: Putting things down

When Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) suggested the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) something and he refused then Allah revealed a verse of the Quran.

Examples:

1) Making Standing-Place of Ibraheem (Maqam-e-Ibraheem) As The Place Of Prayer

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) told the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that they should offer prayer(namaz) at Maqam-e-Ibraheem after doing tawaaf.

Sahih Bukhari : 125

وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا ٱلْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةًۭ لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًۭا وَٱتَّخِذُوا۟ مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمَ مُصَلًّۭى ۖ وَعَهِدْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسْمَـٰعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيْتِىَ لِلطَّآئِفِينَ وَٱلْعَـٰكِفِينَ وَٱلرُّكَّعِ ٱلسُّجُودِ ١٢٥

And (remember) when We made the House a rendezvous for men and a (place of) security, and take (for yourselves) a place of prayer on the standing-place of Ibrahim. And We enjoined Ibrahim and Isma’il (saying): “Purify (you two) My House for those who make circuit and those who abide (in it for devotion) and those who bow down (and) those who prostrate themselves”

2) Covering up (Putting Hijab) For Women

When Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) saw that different kinds of people were visiting the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), then Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) told the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to ask the mother of the believers to observe Hijab (and Allah revealed the verse of Hijab) so that no one can look them with wrong intentions.

Surah Ahzab:59

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ قُل لِّأَزْوَٰجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَآءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِن جَلَـٰبِيبِهِنَّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰٓ أَن يُعْرَفْنَ فَلَا يُؤْذَيْنَ ۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًۭا رَّحِيمًۭا ٥٩

O you Prophet, say to your spouses and your daughters and the women of believers, that they draw their outer garments closer to them; that will (make) it likelier that they will be recognized and so will not be hurt. And Allah has been Ever-Forgiving, Ever-Merciful.

3) Issue Of The Prisoner Of Badar

After the battle of Badar, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked for advice to his Companions related to the prisoners.

Hz Abubakr Sidiqque (رضي الله عنه) suggested taking ransom and leaving the prisoner. Hz Umar Farooque ( advised to hand them over to their relatives so that they would kill them. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) accepted the suggestion of Hz Abubakr Siddique (رضي الله عنه) and took ransom and left the prisoners.رضي الله عنه)

Allah’s command revealed that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would had killed them.

Surah Anfal:67

مَا كَانَ لِنَبِىٍّ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥٓ أَسْرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يُثْخِنَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌۭ ٦٧

It is not fit for a prophet that he should take captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land. You ˹believers˺ settled with the fleeting gains of this world,1 while Allah’s aim ˹for you˺ is the Hereafter. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.

4) The Issue Of Not Leading The Funeral Prayer Of Hypocrites

When the leader of the hypocrites, Abdullah bin Ubayi bin Salul died, his son Abdullah bin Abdullah bin Ubayi bin Salul who was the Companion of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked him to lead the funeral prayer of his father and stand at his grave so that Allah may forgive his father. When Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) came across that, he (رضي الله عنه) forbade the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to do so but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led the funeral prayer. Then Allah’s command was revealed.

Surah Tauba:84

وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰٓ أَحَدٍۢ مِّنْهُم مَّاتَ أَبَدًۭا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَىٰ قَبْرِهِۦٓ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَمَاتُوا۟ وَهُمْ فَـٰسِقُونَ ٨٤

And do not ever offer ˹funeral˺ prayers for any of their dead, nor stand by their grave ˹at burial˺, for they have lost faith in Allah and His Messenger and died rebellious.

5) The Issue Of Istizaan (Seeking Permission Before Entering Someone’s House)

One day after Zuhar, Hz Umar Farooque (رضي الله عنه) was sleeping in his house. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent his slave to call Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه). The slave directly entered his room and saw him in a condition that he shouldn’t had.

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) went to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said, “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ),  I wish that Allah would give us some commands and prohibitions with regard to asking permission to enter.” Then the words were revealed

Surah Nur:58

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِيَسۡتَـٔۡذِنكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَبۡلُغُواْ ٱلۡحُلُمَ مِنكُمۡ ثَلَٰثَ مَرَّـٰتٖۚ مِّن قَبۡلِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلۡفَجۡرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُم مِّنَ ٱلظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنۢ بَعۡدِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلۡعِشَآءِۚ ثَلَٰثُ عَوۡرَٰتٖ لَّكُمۡۚ لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَلَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ جُنَاحُۢ بَعۡدَهُنَّۚ طَوَّـٰفُونَ عَلَيۡكُم بَعۡضُكُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ

O you who have believed, let those whom your right hands possess and those who have not [yet] reached puberty among you ask permission of you [before entering] at three times: before the dawn prayer and when you put aside your clothing [for rest] at noon and after the night prayer. [These are] three times of privacy for you. There is no blame upon you nor upon them beyond these [periods], for they continually circulate among you – some of you, among others. Thus does Allah make clear to you the verses; and Allah is Knowing and Wise.

✦ Merits Of Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه)

1) A Palace Has Been Built For Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) In Jannah

Sahih Bukhari: 3680

Narrated Abu Huraira:

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيْلٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذْ قَالَ ‏ “‏ بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ رَأَيْتُنِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ، فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ تَتَوَضَّأُ إِلَى جَانِبِ قَصْرٍ، فَقُلْتُ لِمَنْ هَذَا الْقَصْرُ قَالُوا لِعُمَرَ فَذَكَرْتُ غَيْرَتَهُ فَوَلَّيْتُ مُدْبِرًا ‏”‏‏.‏ فَبَكَى وَقَالَ أَعَلَيْكَ أَغَارُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ

While we were with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) he said, “While I was sleeping, I saw myself in Paradise, and suddenly I saw a woman performing ablution beside a palace. I asked, ‘For whom is this palace?’ They replied, ‘It is for `Umar.’ Then I remembered `Umar’s Ghira (self-respect) and went away quickly.” `Umar wept and said, O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! How dare I think of my ghira (self-respect) being offended by you?

2) Had A Lot Of Knowledge

Sahih Bukhari:3681

Narrated Hamza’s father:

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْكُوفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي حَمْزَةُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏”‏ بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ شَرِبْتُ ـ يَعْنِي اللَّبَنَ ـ حَتَّى أَنْظُرُ إِلَى الرِّيِّ يَجْرِي فِي ظُفُرِي أَوْ فِي أَظْفَارِي، ثُمَّ نَاوَلْتُ عُمَرَ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَالُوا فَمَا أَوَّلْتَهُ قَالَ ‏”‏ الْعِلْمَ ‏”‏‏.‏

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “While I was sleeping, I saw myself drinking (i.e. milk), and I was so contented that I saw the milk flowing through my nails. Then I gave (the milk) to `Umar.” They (i.e. the companions of the Prophet) asked, “What do you interpret it?” He said, “Knowledge.”

3) Seeing Hz Umar ( رضي الله عنه), Saitan Used To Ran Away

Sahih Bukhari:3683

Narrated Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas:

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَالَ ح حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ اسْتَأْذَنَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَعِنْدَهُ نِسْوَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُكَلِّمْنَهُ وَيَسْتَكْثِرْنَهُ، عَالِيَةً أَصْوَاتُهُنَّ عَلَى صَوْتِهِ فَلَمَّا اسْتَأْذَنَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قُمْنَ فَبَادَرْنَ الْحِجَابَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَضْحَكُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَضْحَكَ اللَّهُ سِنَّكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ عَجِبْتُ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ اللاَّتِي كُنَّ عِنْدِي فَلَمَّا سَمِعْنَ صَوْتَكَ ابْتَدَرْنَ الْحِجَابِ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يَهَبْنَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ يَا عَدُوَّاتِ أَنْفُسِهِنَّ، أَتَهَبْنَنِي وَلاَ تَهَبْنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقُلْنَ نَعَمْ، أَنْتَ أَفَظُّ وَأَغْلَظُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ إِيهًا يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا لَقِيَكَ الشَّيْطَانُ سَالِكًا فَجًّا قَطُّ إِلاَّ سَلَكَ فَجًّا غَيْرَ فَجِّكَ ‏”‏‏.‏

`Umar bin Al-Khattab asked the permission of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) to see him while some Quraishi women were sitting with him, talking to him and asking him for more expenses, raising their voices above the voice of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ). When `Umar asked for permission to enter, the women quickly put on their veils. Allah’s Apostle allowed him to enter and `Umar came in while Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was smiling, `Umar said “O Allah’s Apostle! May Allah always keep you smiling.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “These women who have been here, roused my wonder, for as soon as they heard your voice, they quickly put on their veils. “`Umar said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! You have more right to be feared by them than I.” Then `Umar addressed the women saying, “O enemies of yourselves! You fear me more than you do Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) ?” They said, “Yes, for you are harsher and sterner than Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ).” Then Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “O Ibn Al-Khattab! By Him in Whose Hands my life is! Never does Satan find you going on a way, but he takes another way other than yours.”

4) Devotions And Practicing Upon Religion

Sahih Bukhari:3691

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri:

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أُمَامَةَ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ ‏”‏ بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ عُرِضُوا عَلَىَّ وَعَلَيْهِمْ قُمُصٌ، فَمِنْهَا مَا يَبْلُغُ الثَّدْىَ، وَمِنْهَا مَا يَبْلُغُ دُونَ ذَلِكَ، وَعُرِضَ عَلَىَّ عُمَرُ وَعَلَيْهِ قَمِيصٌ اجْتَرَّهُ ‏”‏‏.‏ قَالُوا فَمَا أَوَّلْتَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ‏”‏ الدِّينَ ‏”‏‏.‏

I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saying, “While I was sleeping, the people were presented to me (in a dream). They were wearing shirts, some of which were merely covering their (chests). and some were a bit longer. `Umar was presented before me and his shirt was so long that he was dragging it.” They asked, “How have you interpreted it, O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)?” He said, “Religion.”

5) The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) Named Him Inspirer (Mulhim) And Muhaddas (The One Who Had Expert Knowledge Of Hadith)

Sahih Bukhari: 3689

Narrated Abu Huraira:

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ قَزَعَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ لَقَدْ كَانَ فِيمَا قَبْلَكُمْ مِنَ الأُمَمِ مُحَدَّثُونَ، فَإِنْ يَكُ فِي أُمَّتِي أَحَدٌ فَإِنَّهُ عُمَرُ ‏”‏‏.‏

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Among the nations before you there used to be people who were inspired (though they were not prophets). And if there is any of such persons amongst my followers, it is ‘Umar.”

6) Allah Loves Hz Umar

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) supplicated, “O Allah, support Islam with the more beloved of these two men to You: Abu Jahl ibn Hisham or Umar ibn Khattab.” And the most beloved of them to Him was Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه). Allah created the circumstances that led Umar to Islam.

7) If There Were To Be A Prophet After The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), He Would Be Umar

Sunan Tirmizi:3686

Grade:Hasan (Darussalam)

Narrated ‘Uqbah bin ‘Amir:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “If there was to have a Prophet after me, it would have been ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab.”

8) He Is The Door To Prevent Temptation

Tabrani:909

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Until Umar is with you, no temptation will come upon you.

9) To Love Umar (رضي الله عنه) Is To Love The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)

Tabrani:6722

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: whoever maliced Umar, he maliced me and whoever loved Umar, he loved me.

10) The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) Used To Ask Hz Umar To Supplicate

Musnan Ahmad: 5229

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) was once going for umrah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) told him, “O my brother, remember me in your good supplications, don’t forget me.”

11) Extreme Genius and Intelligent

12) Always Did Justice

13) Feared Allah Alot

15) Took Care Of His Subjects

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) disguised himself at night, and went out on the streets of Madina to know about the conditions of his subjects. One night he disguised himself, and reached a woman’s house and saw that she had nothing to eat. Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) came to Baytu’l Mal (House of Wealth), filled stuff in sacks, carried it on his shoulder and was about to go to her.

A slave came to him and asked to give the sacks to him. He (رضي الله عنه) said, “ You will not be coming to carry my burden on the Day of Judgment, I have to carry it myself.”

✦ Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه) Got Caliphate

In 13 Hijri, after the demise of Hz Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه), Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) was made the Caliph because at the time of prior to Hz Abu Bakr’s (رضي الله عنه) death, he (رضي الله عنه) chose Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه) as Caliph. Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) was the first person who was called Ameer-ul-Momineen. His Caliphate was 10 years 6 months.

✦ The Sermon Of Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه)

When Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) became Caliph, he ascended the minbar and wanted to sit at the same level as Abu Bakr had sat, then he said: “I would not like Allah to see me putting myself on the same level as Abu Bakr.” So he went down one step, then he praised Allah and said:

“O ye faithful! Abu Bakr is no more amongst us. After having led us for about two years, he has returned to His Maker. He has the satisfaction that he has successfully piloted the ship of the Muslim state to safety after negotiating the stormy sea. He successfully waged the apostasy wars, and thanks to him, Islam is now supreme in Arabia. Islam is now on the move and we are carrying Jihad in the name of Allah against the mighty empires of Byzantine and Persia.

After Abu Bakr, the mantle of Khilafat has fallen on my shoulders. I swear it before God that I never coveted this office. I wished that it would have devolved on some other person more worthy than me. But now that in national interest, the responsibility for leading the Muslims has come to vest in me, I assure you that I will not run away from my post, and will make an earnest effort to discharge the onerous duties of the office to the best of my capacity in accordance with the injunctions of Islam.

In the performance of my duties, I will seek guidance from the Holy Book, and will follow the examples set by the Holy Prophet and Abu Bakr. In this task I seek your assistance. If I follow the right path, follow me. If I deviate from the right path, correct me so that we are not led astray.

Now brothers I offer a few prayers and you say Amen to them.

O Allah I am hard, make me soft to promote the Truth, to comply with your injunctions and to aspire to a better life in the world hereafter.

O Allah make me hard for the enemies of Islam and for those who create mischief so that their desigus against Allah come to naught.

O Allah I am miser; make me generous in the promotion of the good.

O Allah save me from hypocrisy. Strengthen my resolves so that whatever I do, I do for the sake of winning Your approbation.

O Allah soften my heart for the faithful so that I attend to their needs with a sense of dedication.

O Allah, I am careless, make me responsible enough so that I do not lose sight of You.

O Allah I am weak in offering my obedience to You; make me active and fortify my faith.

O Allah bestow on me faith, and the power to do good.

O Allah give me the power of self-criticism and self assessment.

O Allah bestow on me the insight into the meaning of the Quran and the strength to act in accordance with what the Quran says.

O Allah You are capable of doing anything: bless us with Your favour. Amen.”

✦ Important Works Done During Hz Umar ibn Khattab’s (رضي الله عنه) Caliphate

1) Usage of migration as history.

2) Establishment of the court separately

3) Establishment of Baytul Maal (House of Wealth) in a proper manner.

4) Establishment of a separate department of army

5) Beginning of the work on Census.

6) Made small prisons.

7) Establishment of a separate Police department for solving the issues of the city.

8) Made rest houses between the way of Makkah to Madina.

9) Dug canal in different regions.

10) Beginning of the Post Office system.

11) Beginning of giving monthly expenses to orphans and widows.

12) Made a system of patrolling at night.

13) Established Taraweeh from congregation to the mosque

14) Establishment of Schools

15) Fixed the salaries of Imam and Muazzin.

✦ Victories Achieved At The Time Of Caliphate Of Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه)

In the caliphate of Hz Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه), the series of victories started. Armies were sent towards Iraq and Shaam which was then carried on by Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه).

1) Victories of Iraq

At the time of Hz Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) an army was sent to Iraq whose leader was Hz Musanna bin Harsa (رضي الله عنه). The series of victories in Iraq were kept on for a long time. A few of it is mentioned below:

1. i) Battle of Jasr
2. ii) Battle of Buwaib

iii) Battle of Qaadsiya

During the battle of Qaadsiya, Hz Musanna bin Harsa (رضي الله عنه) died due to which Hz Saad ibn Abi waqqas was sent to Iraq.

Rustom had prepared a huge army for that battle but before the battle he decided to have a talk with the Muslims. Hz Saad made Rib’ee bi Aamir as the ambassador and sent him to talk to Rustom. Rustom decorated the place beautifully where the meeting was about to be held, placed the carpets and sat on a throne made of gold as his purpose was to show luxury to the world. Rabi’ came inside with his humble dress on his horse until he stepped on the carpets and spoiled them with his spear. He jumped down from the back of his horse and sat beside Rustam. He was not amazed by the vanity they wanted to show him. The negotiations did not yield any fruits.

Hz Ribee told Rustam that if he accepted the real religion, then he would be safe else jihad will be the only option left. He was given 3 days to think and after that Battle of Qadseeya took place where Allah gave victory to the Muslims.

1. iv) Battle of Madaayin
2. v) Battle of Jalula

                After these victories, the whole of Iraq was conquested.

2) Victories of Shaam

Hz Khalid bin Waleed was made leader and was sent towards Shaam. He was the one who oftenly won battles and kept raising the flag of Islam.

Whilst someone wrote a letter to Hz Umar ibn Khattab ( رضي الله عنه) that the faith in people is decreasing. People had faith that whatever battle would be led by Khalid bin Walid, they would never lose but defeat and victory are in the hands of Allah.

After knowing this, Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) sent Hz Abu Ubaida instead of Hz Khalid bin Waleed as leader and he sent a letter to Hz Khalid bin Waleed to give the leadership to Hz Abu Ubaida. As soon as Hz Khalid bin Waleed got the letter, he gave the leadership to Hz Abu Ubaida.

People told Hz Khalid bin Waleed, “The decision of Umar was wrong, You did a lot of work. You rebel , we are with you.” Hz Khalid bin Walid said that the reason behind doing battle was to please Allah and be martyred in the way of Allah. It didn’t matter whether he would be martyred as a leader or as a soldier.

The Victories Of Shaam

1. i) Battle of Dahal
2. ii) Battle of Damishk

iii) Battle of Hims

1. iv) Battle of Yarmook

3) Conquest of Baitait-Ul-Muqaddas

Hz Amr bin Aas was sent to Baitul Muqaddas and Hz Ubaid bin Jarrah reached Baitul Muqaddas after conquesting Shaam. When Nassara got to know about that, he gave up and was ready to hand over Baitul Muqaddas to the Muslims but on the condition that he would hand over the key to Ameerul Momineen. A letter was sent to Hz Umar and was informed. Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) left Madeena and proceeded towards Baitul Muqaddas with one of his slaves, one camel, a bag filled with roasted gram flour (Sattu) and one bowl.

Hz Umar sometimes rode himself on his camel and sometimes he made his slave sit on his camel and started walking while holding the camel. When Hz Abu Ubaida came to get him, he saw that Hz Umar was holding his slippers in his hand and was walking while holding the camel and there were patches in his clothes. Hz Abu Ubaida told him to wear presentable clothes so that it would have a good impact on Nassara. Hz Umar told Abu Ubaida that if someone else would have told him, he would have died by then.

4) The Victory Of Misr

Hz Amr bin Aas was sent towards Misr and conquered Misr.

✦ The Martyrdom Of Hz Umar Ibn

Khattab (رضي الله عنه)

On 26 Zilhij, 24 hijri at the age of 63, Hz Umar ibn Khattab (رضي الله عنه) died.

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) came to offer the Fajr prayer. Abu Lu’lu, who was a non-believer, stabbed him with a dagger several times. After 2-3 days of that incident, he died. Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) made a team of 6 people for appointment of the Caliph and told the people to choose anyone of them as the Caliph.

1. i) Hz Ali bin Abi Talib
2. ii) Hz Usman Ghani

iii) Hz Talha bin Ubaidullah

1. iv) Hz Zubair bin Awwam
2. v) Hz Abdurrahman bin Auf
3. vi) Hz Saad bin Waqqas

Hz Umar (رضي الله عنه) asked the permission of Hz Aaisha to be buried beside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). She agreed although she wanted to keep the place for herself.

He (رضي الله عنه) was buried beside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه).

REFERENCE:

BOOK: ASHRA-E-MUBASHARA

Compiled BY: SHEIKH ABDUL HAMEED MADANI (Roman Urdu)

 “ENGLISH TRANSLATED BY SISTER ALIA SUBHANI”