Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله)

Halaat Imam Bukhari

Abu Muhammad Haafiz Abdul Sattar al Hammad (hafizahullah)

Sayyadna Abu Huraira Radhiallahu anhu bayan karte hain keh jab Surah Juma naazil hui to ham Rasool Allah ke paas baithe huye the. Maine sawaal kiya: Allah ke Rasool! Surah Juma ki is aayat:  “Aur unhi mein se kuch doosre log hain, Jo unse nahi mile”, ka misdaq kaun log hain? Hazrat Salman Farsi bhi wahan baithe huye the. Rasool Allah ne apna dast-e-mubarak un (ki raan) par rakh kar farmaya: Agar Imaan suraiyya sitaare ki bulandi par hota, to un logon mein se kayi log wahan tak pahunch jaate, aur imaan ko wahan se haasil karte.

RasoolAllah ne is Aayat-e-karima ka misdaaq ahle faaras ko thehraya hai, ke ye log doosron se badhkar deen-e-Islam ki khidmat karenge, chunanche aisa hi hua. Sahaba Ikraam ke daur ke baad Islam ki nashr-o-isha’at ka jitna kaam ahle faaras ne sar-anjaam diya, ye sa’adat doosre logon ko naseeb na ho saki. Bade bade muhaddiseen aur fuqaha-e-‘azaam ki aksariyat usi ilaaqey se talluq rakhti hai. Imam Bukhari  bhi usi ilaqey se taalluq rakhte they, kyun k us waqt Bukhara Sheher mulk-e-faaras ka hissa tha. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne deen-e-Islam ki sar-bulandi ke liye jo khidmaat sar-anjaam di hain, unka silsila bohot wasee’ hai. Allah Ta’ala unhe apne yahaan ajar-e-azeem ata farmaye. Ameen.

Naam-o-Nasab:

Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Mugheera bin Bardazba Ja’afi Bukhari. Bardazba, faarsi zuban ka lafz hai, jiske maane kaashtkaar aur zara’at pesha ke hai. Choonke Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ke jadd-e-‘aala kheti baadi karte they, is liye Bardazba ke naam se mash-hoor huye. Ye buzurg apne abaai mazhab ke mutabiq Majoosi aatish parast they. Unke bete aur Ibrahim ke walid Mugheera, Yamaan Ja’afi ke haath par musalman huye. Us zamaane ke dastoor ke mutabiq jo shakhs kisi ke haath par musalman hota, wo usi ke qabiley ki taraf mansoob hota tha. Is binaa par aap Ja’afi kehlaye. Kyun keh Arab qubool-e-Islam ke rabt-e-khaas ko walaa-e-Islam se tabeer karte they, aur phir us wala ki shaakhein door-door tak phailti jaati theen, usi keh saath wo apni nisbatein qayem kar lete they. Imam Bukhari  ko bhi unke jadd-e-aala ki nisbat-e-waala ki wajah se Ja’afi kaha jata hai. Choonke aap Bukhara mein paida huye they, is bina par aap Bukhari kehlaye. Goya aap ki do (2) nisbatein hain: aik watan Bukhara ki wajah se Bukhari, aur doosri walaye Islam ki binaa par Ja’afi hai.^[1]

Wilaadat:

Aap 13 Shawwal 194h, ba-mutabiq 21 July 810CE baad az namaz-e-juma Bukhara sheher mein paida huye. Bukhara, Roos ke ilaaqe Uzbekistan mein Maawra un Nahar ke bade shehron mein se aik hai, jo Cheen, Iran, aur Afghanistan ki sarhadon ki shaah-e-raah par waaq’e hai. Us sheher mein un teeno mulkon ke raste aakar aapas mein milte hain.

Bachpan Ke Halaat:

Imam Bukhari abhi chhote they, ke unke walid Ismail bin Ibrahim ka saaya sar se uth gaya. Phir unki waledah ne unki tarbiyat ki, jo bohot saabra, haleem ul tib’e theen, bohot Ibadat guzaar aur mustajaab ul d’awaat theen. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah bachpan mein kisi marz ki wajah se dono ankhon ki binaayi se mehroom ho gaye, to unki waledah ko bohot sadma hua. Allah ki bargah mein ro-ro kar duayein keen ke lakht-e-jigar ki binaayi waapas aa jaye. Bilaakhir Allah Ta’ala ne shab khezi ki duaon ko sharf-e-qubooliyat se nawaza. Aap ne Ibrahim Khalilullah ko khwab mein dekha, unhon ne aapko basharat di ke Allah Ta’ala ne aapke lakht-e-jigar ki basaarat wapas kardi hai. Chunache jab neend se bedaar  huyeen to dekha ke bete ki aankhein raushan hain.

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah farmate hain ke main abhi Quran-e-Majeed hifz kar raha tha ke mujhe ahadees hifz karne ka ilhaam hua. Jab main maktab se faarigh hua to us waqt meri umar taqriban 10 baras thi. Maine Quran-e-Majeed hifz kar liya tha, aur kuch ibtedayi kitaaben bhi padhli thi. Uske baad maine mukhtalif asaatza ke paas aana-jaana shuru kar diya.

Imam Bukhari Ki Zahaanat:

Allah Ta’ala ne Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ko zehen rasaa aur quwwi hafiza ataa farmaya tha. Aapne isnaad samet laakhon ahadees yaad kar rakhi thi. Aapka apna bayan hai: “Mujhe lakh (100,000) Saheeh ahadees aur do (2) lakh (200,000) ghair Saheeh ahadees yaad hain”. Balkeh aap farmate hain ke sanad mein koi taaba’i ho ya sahabi, main unki waldiyat, jaaye paidaish, aur san wafaat, algharz sab kuch jaanta hoon. aik dafa Imam Bukhari  ke saamne kisi ne unke Shaikh Imam Ishaq bin Raahwiya ka ye qaul pesh kiya: “Maine apni kitab mein 70,000 ahadees ko dekhta hoon”. Ye sun kar Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne farmaya: “Shayad us zamaane mein koi aisa shakhs bhi ho jo do (2) lakh ahadees apni kitabon mein dekhta ho”. Imam Bukhari ne agarche apna naam nahi liya, lekin unki muraad apni zaat thi.

Aik martaba Imam Bukhari Baghdad tashreef le gaye to Baghdad ke mashayekh ne jamaa ho kar Imam Bukhari ka imtehan lene ka program banaya. Imtehan ka tareeqa ye tay  huya ke 10 Ulama ko muqarrar kiya gaya, aur har aalim ko 10-10 ahadees di gayi, phir unhon ne sanad aur matan mein tabdeeli ki, is tarah aik hadees ki sanad doosri hadees ke matan ke saath mila diya, doosri hadees ka matan kisi aur hadees ki sanad ke saath mila diya. Is tarah unhon ne 100 ki taadaad mein maqloob ahadees taiyyaar ki.

Har aik aalim ki duty lagaai gai ke jab majlis khoob jam jaae to baari baari un ahadees ko Imam Bukhari   par pesh kiya jaae. Jab Baghdad mein majlis hadees qaaem hui, jis mein muqaami aur baeooni be-shumaar log maujood they, aur ahle majlis mutmaeen ho kar baith gaye, jo tae-shuda program ke mutaabiq un das (10) Ulama mein se aik aalim Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah aur ahle majlis mutamayin ho kar baith gaye to tay shuda program ke mutaabiq un das (10) Ulama mein se aik aalim Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  ke saamne aaya aur aik maqloob hadees pesh ki. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  ne farmaya: “Main usey nahi pehchaanta”. Jab usne doosri hadees pesh ki to Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ne wahi jawab diya ke main usey nahi jaanta, is tarah usne apni 10 ahadees poori kar li.

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah har hadees ke mutalliq yehi kehte they, main usey nahi pehchaanta. Pehle shakhs ke baad doosra shakhs khada hua, usne bhi tay-shuda mansoobe ke mutaabiq 10 maqloob ahadees pesh ki. Is tarah baaqi Ulama ne bhi baari-baari ahadees ko ulat palat kar paish kiya. Imam Bukhari har aik ko yahi jawab dete they: “Main is hadees ko nahi pehchaanta”. Ahle majlis mein se kuch hazraat to mansube ki teh tak pohonch gaye, aur kuch tazabzub ka shikar hone lagey, aur Imam Bukhari   ke haafze aur zahaanat mein shak-o-shubha karne lagey.

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne pehle shakhs ko bulaya aur usey kaha: “Toone pehle ye hadees is tarah padhi, jabke saheeh hadees apne matan aur sanad ke saath aise hai”. Phir uski pesh-karda doosri hadees padhi aur asal matan aur sanad ki nishaan-dahi farmayi. Isi tarah baaqi 8 ahadees durust karke bataayi. Phir aapne doosre shakhs ko bulaya aur uski pesh kardah maqloob ahadees, saheeh matan aur sanad ke saath batayi. Usi tarah har admi ko bulaate rahe, aur har aik ki 10 maqloob ahadees ko saheeh sanad aur matan ke saath bataate rahe.

Is waqiyah ko Haafiz Ibn-e-Hajar Rahimahullah ne apni sanad ke saath bayan kiya hai, aur uske baad bayen alfaaz us par tabsarah kiya hai: “Is waqiyah ko sunne ke baad insan Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke haafize ka sikka tasleem kar lene par majboor ho jaata hai. Lekin us majlis mein 100 saheeh ahadees ka bayan kar dena koi taajjub angez baat nahi, balke taajjub-o-hairat is baat par hai ke aapne maqloob shudah 100 ahadees ko sirf 1 dafa sun lene ke baad unhein usi tarteeb ke saath yaad kar liya, aur usi majlis mein unhein dohra diya”. Haafiz Ibn-e-Hajar Rahimahullah ne bhi isse milta-julta waqiyah bayan kiya hai.

Baharhaal, Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  Hifz-e-ahadees, Tezi-e-zehen, Diqqat-e-nazar, Kasrat-e-faqaahat, ‘ilal hadees ki Wase’e maarfat, Maarfat-e-asaneed, Quwwat-e-hafiza aur Mallika-e-ijtehaad-o-istembaat mein apni misaal aap they.

Rehlaat-e-Bukhari:

Muhaddiseen ki istelaah mein “رحله” Rehla us safar ko kaha jaata hai, jo hadees ya uski sanad-e-‘aali haasil karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Imam Bukhari   Rahimahullah apni Umar ke solahwein (16) baras tak apne hi mulk ke asaatza se tehseel-e-ilm karte rahe, kyun ke ilmi safar ke liye muhaddiseen ke yahan ye shart hai ke jab ilmi safar ka qasad ho, to apne watan ke shuyookh se jis qadar ahadees mil sake, unhein haasil kar liya jaye, agarche wo qaleel taadaad mein ho.

• Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne sabse pehel Ilaaqa-e-hijaaz ka iraada kiya, jo keh Uloom-e-shariat ka maawa aur Rasool Allah   ka maskan aur nuzool-e-wahee ka muqaam tha. Nez wo Markaz-e-Islam aur Jumla-e-Sahaba Ikraam ki jaaye sukoonat tha, lehaza aap 210h mein apni waaldah maajda ke hamraah Makkah Mukarrama pohche. Us waqt Makkah Mukarrama mein jin shuyookh ki dars gaahein mumtaaz thi, aur jo log Imam-e-fan-o-marja’a-e-khalaaeq they, wo hasb-e-zail hain: Abu al Waleed Ahmad bin Al Azraqi, Abdullah bin Yazid, Ismail bin Saali Saaegh, Abu Bakar Abdullah bin Zubair, Allama Humaidi. Unke ilawa doosre shuyookh se bhi kasb-e-faiz kiya, jinka Makkah Mukarrama mein qiyam tha.
• Makkah Mukarrama mein husool-e-ilm se faraaghat ke baad Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne Madina Taiyyaba ka rukh kiya, aur 212h mein Madina Taiyyaba pohche. Wahan jin ahle ilm ka charcha tha, aur jo log dars-e-hadees dete they, un mein sar-e-fehrist hasb-e-zail shuyookh hain, jinse Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne ilm-e-hadees haasil kiya: Ibhraim bin Munzir, Matraf bin Abdullah, Ibrahim bin Hamza, Abu Saabit Muhammad bin Obaidullah, aur Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah al Owaisi. Wazeh rahey keh Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne Madina Taiyyaba mein dauraan-e-Iqaamat apni kitab Tareekh Kabeer ka maswadah chandni raaton mein likha.
• Madina Taiyyaba mein tehseel-e-ilm se faraghat ke baad Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne Basra ka qasad kiya, jo un dino wus’at Ilm aur Isha’at-e-hadees ke aitebaar se bohot taraqqi par tha. Aapne Basra ka safar chaar martaba kiya, aur hasb-e-zail shuyookh se ilm haasil kiya: Imam Abu Aasim an Nabeel, Safwan bin Isa, Badal bin Mahbar, Harmi bin Ammarah, Afwan bin Muslim, Muhammad bin Al-Arah, Sulaiman bin Harb, Abul Waleed al Tayaalsi aur Muhammad bin Sanaan.
• Basra ke baad aapne Kufa ka rukh kiya, jo un dino Ilm-o-irfaan ka gehwara tha. Wahan ke chand mashahir shuyookh hasb-e-zail hain: Abdullah bin Musa, Abu Nayeem, Ahmad bin Yaqoob, Ismail bin Abaan, Al Hasan bin Ar Rabea, Khalid bin Mukhlad, Saeed bin Hafs, Talq bin Ghanaam, Umar bin Hafs, Qubaisa bin Uqba aur Abu Ghassaan. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne Kufa mein in hazraat se rawayaat li.
• Baghdad, Saltanat-e-Abbasiya ka daar-ul-hukumat tha. Sarkaari taur par Ulama-o-mashayekh ki qadar afzaai ne Baghdad ko marj’a-e-uloom bana diya tha. Wahan har taraf se ahle kamaal jamaa ho gaye they. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  ne husool-e-ilm ke liye Baghdad ka kayi martaba safar kiya. Baghdad ke shuyookh mandarja zel hain: Imam Ahmad bin Hambal, Muhammad bin Isa Al Sabaagh, Muhmmad bin Saaeq aur Sareej bin Noman. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah jab akhri martaba Baghdad se wapas aane lagey aur Imam Ahmad bin Hambal   se mulaqaat karne ke liye gaye to Imam Mausoof ne unhein bade dardnaak lehje mein farmaya: “Aap logon, ahle zamana, aur ilm ko chhod kar khurasaan jaa rahe hain”. Jab Haakim-e-Bukhaara Abu Tahir ne Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah par buhtaan lagakar Bukhara badar karne ka mansooba banaya, to Aap Ahmad bin Hambal keh mazkura maqole ko yaad karke bohot afsos karte they. Farmate they: “Ab mujhe unki baat yaad aati hai”.
• Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah Shaam bhi gaye, wahan hasb-e-zel mashayekh  se Ilm haasil kiya: Imam Yusuf Faryaabi, Abu Nasar Ishaq bin Ibrahim, Aadam bin Abi Iyaas, Al Hakam bin Naaf’e aur Heewah bin Shareeh. Unke alawa doosre ahle ilm ma’asireen se bhi takmeel-e-ilm ki.
• Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah husool-e-ilm ke liye Misr bhi gaye, aur wahan Usman bin Saeed Saaegh, Saeed bin Abi Mariyam, Abdullah bin Saaleh, Ahmad bin Saaleh, Ahmad bin Shabeeb, Asbagh bin Farj, Saeed bin Abi Isa, Saeed bin Kaseer, aur Yahya bin Abdullah se ahadees haasil ki.
• Isi tarah aapne Jazirah ka safar kiya. Wahan Ahmad bin Abdul Malik al Harrani, Ahmad bin Yazid al Harrani, Amr bin Khalaf, aur Ismail bin Abdullah ar Raqi se khoob-khoob istefada kiya.
• Aap ne Muru mein Ali bin Hasan, Abdaan, Muhammad bin Maqaatil.
• Balkh mein Makki bin Ibrahim, Yahya bin Bashar, Muhammad bin Abaan, Hasan bin Shuja, Yahya bin Musa, Imam Qutaiba.
• Heraat mein Ahmad bin Abu al Waleed al Hanafi.
• Nishapur mein Yahya bin Yahya, Bashar bin Hakam, Ishaq bin Raahwiya, Muhammad bin Raafe.
• Ree mein Ibrahim bin Musa.
• Waasit mein Hassan bin Hassan, Hassan bin Abdullah aur Saeed bin Abdullah se ahadees haasil kee’n.

“رحمة الله عليهم أجمعين”

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  farmaya karte they keh: “Maine sirf unhi shuyookh se ahadees li hai, jo imaan mein kami-beshi ke qayel they, aur ‘amaal ko juzz-o-Imaan khayaal karte they, jaisa keh Sahaba-e-Ikraam aur taba’een-e-‘azzaam ka mauqif tha”.

• Tabqaat-e-Shuyookh-e-Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah: Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne be-shumaar mashayekh se kasb-e-faiz kiya, wo khud farmate hain: “Maine 1080 shuyookh se ahadees likhi hai, aur wo sab ke sab mohaddis they”. Haafiz Ibn-e-Hajar ne Imam Bukhari ke asaatza ko 5 tabaqaat mein taqseem kiya hai, wo hasb-e-zel hain:
• Pehla Tabqa: Is tabqe mein wo shuyookh shaamil hain, jinhon ne aapko taba’een ke waaste se ahadees sunayi, jaisa keh Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke ustad Muhammad bin Abdullah Ansari hain. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke bohot se asaatza aise hain, jo taaba’een se ahadees bayan karte hain. Mashayekh-e-Bukhari mein ye ‘aala tabqa hai.
• Doosra Tabqa: Is tabqe mein Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah keh wo shuyookh shamil hain jo Tabqa-e-Oola ke ham-asr to hain, lekin siqqaat-e-taaba’een se unka samaa’ (سَماع) sabit nahi hai. Masalan: Aadam bin Ayaas, Abu Mashar Abdul A’ala bin Mashar, Saeed bin Abi Mariyam, aur Ayyub bin Sulaiman waghaira. Ye tamam hazraat tabaqa-e-saniya se hain, jinse Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  ne ahadees bayan ki hain.
• Teesra Tabqa: Is tabqe mein Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke wo asaatza hain, jinki kisi taaba’i se mulaqat sabit nahi. Masalan: Sulaiman bin Harb, Qutaiba bin Saeed, Naeem bin Hammad, Ali bin Madeeni, Yahya bin Muyeen, Ahmad bin Hambal, Ishaq bin Raahwiya, Abu Bakar bin Abi Shaiba aur Usman bin Abi Shaiba waghaira. Is tabqe se riwayat karne mein Imam Muslim  bhi Imam Bukhari  ke saath shareek hain.
• ChauthaTabqa: Is tabqe mein Imam Bukhari ke wo mashayekh shamil hain, jo talab-e-hadees mein Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke saathi they, ya unhon ne unse kuch arsa qabl ilm-e-hadees padha. Masalan: Muhammad bin Yahya Zahli, Abu Haatim Raazi, Abd bin Humaid, Ahmad bin Nasar, aur Muhammad bin Abdur Raheem waghaira. In asaatza se Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ne wo ahadees riwayat ki hain, jo pehle teen (3) tabqaat se naa mil saki.
• Paachwan Tabqa: Is tabqe mein wo asaatza shamil hain, jo umar aur ustad ke aitebaar se Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke shaagirdon mein se hain. Masalan: Abdullah bin hammad al Aamli, Abdullah bin Abil Aas Khwarzami aur Hussain bin Muhammad Qabbani waghaira.

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne khaas fayede ke tahat unse ahadees bayan ki hain. Masalan: Aik hadees apne asaatza aur saathiyon se na mil saki, to wo apne shagirdon se bayan karenge. Aisa karne mein Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ne Imam Wake’e ki baat par amal kiya hai. Wo farmate hain: “Admi us waqt tak aalim nahi ho sakta, jab tak wo apne se ‘aala, apne se ham-umar, aur apne se neeche wale se ahadees bayan nahi karta”. Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah khud farmate hain ke insaan muhaddis-e-kaamil us waqt tak nahi ban sakta, jab tak wo apne se ‘aala, apne ham-umar aur apne se kam-darja waale se ahadees bayan na kare.

Talamazah Bukhari:

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke talamazah hazaaron ki tadaad mein hain. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke shaagird Farbari kehte hain ke jin logo’n ne aapse Saheeh Bukhari ka samaa’ (سَماع) kiya hai, unki taadaad 90,000 hai.^[2] Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah se riwayat karne walon ko ham 3 tabqaat mein taqseem kar sakte hain:

• Pehla Tabqa: Is tabqe mein wo mashayekh hain, jinse Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne kasb-e-faiz kiya. Un mein se chand aik ye hain: Abdullah bin Muhammad Musandi, Abdullah bin Muneer, Ishaq bin Ahmad Sarmaari, Muhammad bin Khalf bin Qutaiba.
• Doosra Tabqa: Ye tabqa Imam Bukhari ke ham asr mashayekh par mushtamil hai, jo aapse ahadees bayan karte hain. Is tabqe mein mash-hoor mash-hoor talamazah ye hain: Abu Zar’aa Raazi, Abu Haatim Raazi, Ibrahim Harbi, Abu Bakar bin Abi Aasim, Moosa bin Haroon, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Mateen, Ishaq bin Ahmad bin Zeerak Faarsi, Muhammad bin Qutaiba Bukhari, Abu Bakar ‘Ayn.
• Teesra Tabqa: Is tabqe mein wo talamazah shamil hain, jinka shumaar bade bade huffaz mein hota hai. Chand aik ke naam ye hain: Saaleh bin Muhammad Jazra, Abul Hussain Muslim bin Hajjaaj Qashiri, Abul Fazal Ahmad bin Salma, Abu Bakar bin Ishaq bin Khuzaimah, Muhammad bin Nasar Maroozi, Abu Bakar bin Abi ad Duniya, Abu Bakar al Bazzaar, Hashid bin Ismail, Abul Qasim Baghwi, Hussain bin Ismail al Mahaamli.

Ye wo talamazah hain jinhon ne ba-raah-e-raast Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ke saamne zaawiye talmaz tay kiye hain, bil waasta talamazah ki taadaad mein qayamat tak izaafa aur aapke liye sadqa-e-jariya ka saamaan paida hota rahega.

ذلك فضل الله يؤتيه من يشاء.

Imam Bukhari Ka Maslak:

Imam Bukhari fiqhi, furooi, aur ijtehaadi masail mein murawwaja masaalik se bilkul azaad hain. Mazahib-e-‘Arba mein se kisi ki mukhalifat yaa mawaafqat ka inhesaar ta’assub yaa aqeedat ki bina par nahi balkeh daleel par hai. Jaisa keh Saheeh Bukhari ka mutaal’a karne se maloom hota hai. Hamare paas aapka maslak maloom karne ka waahid zariya aap ki taleef Saheeh Bukhari hai. Usse maloom hota hai ke aapka maslak darj-e-zel aayat-e-karima ka ‘ayina daar hai.

اتَّبِعُوا مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُم مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا مِن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ.

“Jo kuch tumhare parwardigaar ki taraf se tumhari taraf naazil kiya gaya hai, uski pairvi karo, uske siwa aur doston ki pairvi naa karo”.

Agarche kuch hazraat ne Imam Bukhari   ko Shafa’i, yaa Hanbali likha hai, lekin ye haqeeqat ke khilaaf hai. Aap mujtahid-e-mutlaq, Imam-ul-fiqh, aur Tehreek-e-azadi-e-fikr ke alam bardaar hain. Jaisa ke darj-e-zel misaalon se maloom hota hai:

• Shawaaf’e ke nazdeek Juma ki adaigi ke liye kam az kam 40 admiyon ka hona zaroori hai. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne unki tardeed karte huye baa’een taur unwaan qayem kiya hai: “Jab log Namaz-e-Juma ke waqt Imam ko chhod kar chale jayein to Imam aur baaqi maanda admiyon Ki Namaz Saheeh hai”. Phir uske tahat hadees zikr farmayi, ke Rasool Allah  Sallallahu alaihi wasallam ne 12 admiyo’n ke saath namaz-e-juma ada farmayi, jabki tijaarati qafila aane ki wajah se log dauran-e-juma chale gaye they.
• Ahnaaf ke yahan juma ki adayegi ki mutaddid sharayat hain. Unke yahaan aam dehaaton mein juma jayez nahi. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne us mauqif ki tardeed mein baa’een alfaaz unwaan qayem kiya: “Dehaton aur Shehron mein Juma ki Adaigi”. Phir aik hadees ka hawala diya keh Masjid-e-Nabawi keh baad pehla Juma Abdul Qais ki aik basti Jawasii mein shuru hua, jo Bahrain mein thi.
• Hanabala ka mash-hoor maslak hai ke zawaal-e-aftaab se pehle Juma jayez hai. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne saraahat farmayi ke ye mauqif saheeh nahi hai, aur tardeed mein aik unwaan qayem kiya: “Jab suraj dhal Jaye to Juma ka waqt hota hai”. Phir aapne uske tahat Hazrat Anas Radhiallahu anhu se marwi aik hadees bayan ki, ke Rasool Allah   Sallallahu alaihi wasallam zawaal-e-aaftaab ke baad juma padhte they.
• Maaliki hazraat ke nazdeek barish ki wajah se Juma chhod dena jayez nahi. Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne us mauqif se ittefaq nahi kiya, balkeh unki tardeed mein aik unwaan baa’een alfaaz qayem kiya: “Baarish ki wajah se Juma mein haazir naa hone ki rukhsat hai”. Uske tahat Hazrat Ibn-e-Abbas Radhiallahu Anhu ka qaul zikr kiya, ke agarche juma ki adayegi bohot zaroori hai, taaham barish ki wajah se main nahi chahta ke tumhein mashaqqat mein daaloon, aur tum mitti aur keechad mein luthde huye masjid mein aao.

Maulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri ne Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ke maslak ki wazaahat karte  huye likha hai: “Mere nazdeek haq baat ye hai ke Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ne apni saheeh mein kisi maslak ki taqleed nahi ki, balkeh ijtehaad ka raasta ikhteyar kiya hai. Unki faham-o-baseerat ne jo faisla kiya, unhon ne usey aazaadi ke saath apnaaya hai”. Masayel mein aik mujtahid ka doosre mujtahid ke saath muwaafiq hona cheeze deegar ast, ye baat mujtahid ke muqallid hone ki daleel nahi hai.

Taalifaat-e-Imam Bukhari:

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah ne mutaddid taalifaat ki soorat mein apna ilmi tarka ummat ke supurd kiya hai. Un tasaneef ki do (2) aqsaam hain.

① Jo aaj dastiyaab hain.

② Jinka zikr sirf muarrikheen ne kiya hai.

Dastiyaab taalifaat ki tafseel hasb-e-zel hai: Al Jaame as Saheeh: Jiska tafseeli tazkirah ham ayinda auraaq mein karenge.

Al Adab al Mufrad, Juzz Raful Yadain, Juzz al Qirat, Kitab ul Zoafa, Khalq Afaal al Ibaad, Baraa-ul-Waledain, At Taareekh-ul-Kabeer, At Taareekh-ul-Ausat, At Taareekh ul Sagheer.

Unke alaawa kuch taalifaat ka muarrikheen ne zikr kiya hai, jo hasb-e-zel hain:

Al Jaam’e-ul-Kabeer, Al Musnad-ul-Kabeer, Al Tafseer-ul-Kabeer, Kitab-ul-Hiba, Kitab-ul-Ashrabah, Kitab-ul-Wahdaan, Kitab Asaami as Sahaaba, Kitab-ul-Mabsoot, Kitab-ul-Ulal, Kitab-ul-Kunaa, Kitab-ul-Fawaaed.

Abu Haatim Waraaq kehte hain ke maine Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah se arz kiya: “Aap ne apni tamam tasaneef mein jo kuch zikr kiya hai, wo aapko yaad hai?” To Imam Bukhari   ne jawab diya: “Un tasaneef mein jo kuch hai, un mein se koi cheez mujh par makhfi nahi hai, nez maine tamam kitabon ko 3-3 martaba tasneef kiya hai”. Imam Bukhari   khud farmate hain ke: “Maine un tasaneef mein 2 (do) lakh (200,000) se zyada ahadees jamaa ki hain”. Apni taalifaat ke mutaalliq farmate they: “Mujhe ummeed hai ke Allah Ta’ala musalmano ke liye in tasaneef mein barkat ataa farmayega”. In tamam tasaneef mein jo qubooliyat aur shohrat-e-dawaam Saheeh Bukhari ko Allah Ta’ala ne ataa farmaai, wo doosri kisi kitab ke hisse mein nahi aayi. Dua hai ke Allah Ta’ala Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ko itni azeem mehnat ka apne yahaan ajar-e-jazeel ataa farmae, aur hame’n qiyamat ke din khuddam-e-hadees mein uthaaye. آمين يا رب العالمين

Wafat:

Aap ne 30 Ramzan-ul-Mubarak 256h ba-mutaaibq 31^st Aug, 870CE eid-ul-fitr ki raat, ba-waqt namaz-e-isha 62 saal ki umar mein wafat paayi, aur eid ke roz baad-az namaz-e-Zohar basti-e-khartang mein dafan  huye, jo Samarqand se 6 meel ke faasle par hai. Choonke aapke janaaze par log ba-kasrat aaye, jiski binaa par sawari ki tangi pesh aayi, usi din se us basti ka naam Khartang mash-hoor ho gaya.

Imam Bukhari Rahimahullah  ko dafan karne ke liye jab qabar mein rakha gaya to mitti se kastoori ki tarah khushboo aane lagi, ye khushboo kai din tak aati rahi. Log aap ki qabar se khushboo waali mitti uthakar le jaate, hatta ke qabar ke ird-gird lakdi ka jangls laga diya gaya, taake wo mehfooz rahe. Abdul Wahid bin Aadam Tawawaisi kehte hain ke maine Nabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam  ko khwaab mein dekha, aap apne Sahaba Ikraam ke hamraah aik muqam par khade hain, goya aap kisi ka intezar kar rahe hain. Maine salaam kiya, aur arz kiya: “Aye Allah ke Rasool! Aap yahan kiske intezar mein hain?” Aap ne farmaya: “Main Muhammad bin Ismail Bukhari Rahimahullah ka intezar kar raha hoon”. Mujhe chand dinon ke baad Imam Bukhari  Rahimahullah ki wafaat ka pata chala, to maine dekha ke unki wafaat ka wohi waqt tha, jis waqt maine Nabi Sallallahu alaihi wasallam ko khwaab mein kisi ka intezar karte dekha tha.

REFERENCE:

BOOK: “SAHIH BUKHARI” (Urdu)

Tarjumah: ‘Fazilatus Shaykh ul Hadees Hafiz Abdul Sattar Hammad(حفظه الله تعالى)’

Taseeh: ‘Hafiz Salah Uddin Yusuf(حفظه الله تعالى)’