03. Imam Abdur Razzaq Bin Hammam [126-211]

Imam Abdur Razzaq Bin Hammam(رحمه الله)

 

Naam-o-Nasab:

 

Abdurrazzaq naam, Abu Bakar Kuniyat aur nasab naama ye hai: Abdurrazzaq bin Hammam bin Nafe’.

 

Wiladat, watan aur khandan:

 

Yaman ke mash hoor sheher aur paya takht San’a mein 126 Hijri mein paida huye, Qabeela humair se wala ka talluq tha, San’ani Humairi ki nisbaton se zyada mash-hoor aur Yemeni bhi kahe jatey thay.

 

Asaatzah:

 

Buland paaya muhaddiseen aur Kibaar ayimma fan mein Ibn Jareeh, Imam Auzaa’i, Sufyan Soori, Sufyan bin Uyenah, Abdullah bin abi Sabrah, Imam Malik, Mua’tmar bin Sulaiman, Mu’ammar bin Rashid Azdi aur Haisam bin Bishar waasti waghairah se a’izzah wa mutallaqeen mein apne walid Hammam aur chacha Wahab se aur dusray Ulama-o-mashayekh mein Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin abi Yahya, Ismail bin ayyash, Aiman bin Nabil, Soor bin yazeed kalayi, Jaafar bin Sulaiman, Dawood bin qaid faraar, Zakariya bin Ishaaq Makki, Saeed bin basheer, Saeed bin Abdul azeez, Abdul Rahman bin Zaid Aslam, Abdul azeez bin abi Ziyaad Abdullah bin ziyad bin Sama’an, Abdullah bin Umar Umri aur Abu Ma’ashar, Najeeh Sanadi waghairah se sharf-e-talammuz hasil hai, Mu’amar Azdi se khas talluq tha, saat aath saal tak mustaqil unki khidmat mein hazir hotey rahay.

 

Tilamazah:

 

Unkay talamizah mein khud unkay baaz Shuyukh Ibn Uyenah aur muatamar bin Sulaiman ma’asireen wa Iqran mein Abu Usamah Hammaad bin Salma aur wakee’, Ayimma Islam aur naqadeen hadees mein Imam Ahmad, Ishaq bin rahwiya, Ali bin Madeeni, Muhammad bin Yahya Zahli aur Yahya bin Mueen aur dusray mash-hoor logon mein Ibrahim bin Moosa, Abu Masood raazi, Ahmad bin Saaleh, Ahmad bin Mansoor Maadi, Ahmad bin Yusuf Salma, ishaq bin Ibrahim Deri, Ishaq bin Ibrahim Saadi, Ishaaq bin Mansoor kosaj, Hujjaj bin Shayar, Hasan bin Ali khilal, Zaheer bin Harb, Salma bin Shabeeb, Abd bin Humaid, Abdullah bin Muhammad musnadi, Abdul Rahman bin Bashar, Umar wal Naqid, Muhammad bin Rafe’, Muhammad bin mehraan Hamaal, Yahya bin Jaafar baikandi aur Yahya Ibn Moosa waghairah shamil hain.

 

Rehlat-o-safar:

 

Muarrikheen ne tijarat ke liye shaam aur Hajj-o-ziyarat ke liye Makkah muazzamah tashreef le jane ka zikr kiya hai, magar hadees ki talab-o-justajoo ke liye safar ki tasreeh nahi ki hai, unkay mashayekh ke naamon se zahir hota hai ki unhone mash hoor aur aham markaz ka safar zaroor kiya hoga.

 

Maqbooliyat-o-marji’at:

 

Unkay fazl-o-kamal aur Ilmi azmat ne unki zaat ko marje’ khalayeq bana diya tha, muarrikheen ka bayan hai ki “Rasulallah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) ke baad unkay ilawah kisi aur shakhs ke paas is qadar zyada log safar ke liye nahi aaye, aksar Ulamaye Islam unki bargaah kamaal mein hazir huye thay.” Moorakh Yafa’i ne unko المراحل إليه من الافاق yaani vo shakhs jiskay paas log mukhtalif aitraaf-o-aknaaf se aatay thay, likha hai.

 

Aiteraaf Kamaal:

 

Allamah Zahabi aur Hafiz Ibn Hajar ne unko makhzan Ilm bataya hai, aik martaba Imam Ahmad se pucha gaya ki unse zyada behtar aur bartar muhaddis ka aapko Ilm hai? Farmaya nahi unke muaasir Hishsham ko aiteraaf tha ki “Ham logon mein sabse zyada sahib-e-Ilm Abdurrazzaq hain”.

 

Hifz-o-Zabt:

 

Ibrahim bin Ibaad deri ka bayan hai ki Abdurrazzaq ko 17 hazar hadeesein zabani yaad thi, Hishsham bin Yusuf farmatey hain “Ham logon mein sabse behtar hafiza unka tha.”

 

Saqaahat:

 

Unki saqahat par Ulama ka ittefaq hai, Allamah Zahabi farmatey hain kibe shumaar ahle hadees ne unko Siqah aur mutqan kaha hai, Abu Hatim farmatey hain ki “Abdurrazzaq ki hadeesein likhe jane aur ehtejaj ke layeq hain”. Abu Zur’a farmatey hain ki unki hadeesein Sabit aur mo’tabar hain, Ibn-e-Jaan Yaqub bin Shayba Ajri, Ajli aur Bazzar waghairah nenunki tauseeq ki hai, aur Zahli waghairah ne unko Ahadees ke maamle mein bada mutayaqqiz qarar diya hai. Imam Ahmad se Ibn Juraij ke shagirdon mein unkay aur barsani ke bare mein pucha gaya to farmaya Abdurrazzaq zyada Siqah aur m’otabar hain. Mash hoor muhaddis Mamar ki hadeeson ke sabse bade Hafiz aur sabse zyada mustanad Raawi yahi thay, Yahya bin Muayyen farmatey hain ki Mu’ammar ki hadeeson ke liye Abdurrazzaq se zyada behtar aur mo’tabar koi nahi. Imam Ahmad ke nazdeek Mu’ammar ki Abdurrazzaq ke wasta se marwi hadeesein basariyon ke tawassut se marwi riwayaat se zyada behtar hain aur jab unki kisi hadees ke mutalliq unke tilamazah mukhtalif ul raaye hote thay to Abdurrazzaq ki riwayat ko qubool kartay thay.

 

Paisha:

 

Abdurrazzaq tijarat paisha thay, aur ba silsila-e-tijarat Shaam Jaya kartay thay.

 

Shayr-o-sukhan:

 

Shayr-o-sukhan ka zauq tha, aksar ye shayr padha kartay thay.

 

فذاك زمان لعبنا به  وهذا زمان بنا يلعب

 

Aik vo zamana tha jisse ham kheltay thay aur ab ye zamana hai jo hamse khel kar raha hai.

 

Wafaat:

 

85 saal ki umar mein jabki hosh-o-hawas baja nahi rehtay thay 211 Hijri mein wafat payi. Ibn Saad ke bayan ke mutabiq shawwal ka mahina tha.

 

Tasneefaat:

 

Hafiz Abdurrazzaq mutaddad kitabon ke Jame’ va musannif bhi thay, magar unme se aksar madoom-o-nayaab hain, baaz ke naam ye hain:

• Jame’ya Sunan Abdurrazzaq uski aksar hadeeson ki Sihah mein takhreej ki gayi hai.
• Kitab ul Sunan fil Fiqh
• Kitab ul maghaazi
• Tafseer mein bhi aik kitab likhi thi
• Musannif, Abdurrazzaq ki sabse zyada aham aur mash hoor kitab hai, isi ko Fiqhi abwaab par murattab kiya gaya hai, uski ahmiyat isse zahir hai ki musannif ke jo majmuye maujood hain usmein musannif Ibn Abi Shayba ke baad sabse mash hoor yahi hai aur qadamat ke lihaz se ye uspar bhi fauqiyat rakhti hai.

Shah Waliullah sahab ne hadees ki kitabon ke teesray tabqay mein is ka zikr kiya hai. Iski sabse aham khusoosiyat ye hai ki iski aksar riwayatein sulaasi hain, Musannif Abdurrazzaq bhi abtak shaya nahi hui hai. Germany aur Hijaz ke kutub khaanon mein iskay mukammal aur naqis nuskhay maujood hain.

 

Abdurrazzaq par naqd-o-jirah:

 

Baaz Ulamaye Jrah wa Tadeel ne Abdurrazzaq par naqd-o-Jirah bhi ki hai:

• Shayiyyat : Unki janib shayiyyat ki nisbat ki jati hai lekin uskay mutalliq unka khud bayan hai ki “Mujhe is baat par kabhi Sharh sadar nahi hua ki janab Ameer ko shaykhain se afzal qarar dun”, Salma bin Shabeeb unka qaul naqal kartay hain ki “Hazrat Abu Bakar, Umar aur Usman (رضى الله عنهم) par khuda ki rehmat ho, jis shakhs ke dil mein un buzurgon ki muhabbat na ho vo momin nahi, mujhko apne amaal mein sabse zyada bharosa in Hazrat ki muhabbat hi par hai”. Abul Al Azhar farmatey hain ki “Abdurrazzaq ne bataya hai ki vo shaykhain ki tafseel ke qayel thay aur kehtay thay ki khud Hazrat Ali se bhi yahi sabit hai, vo apne ko shaykhain se afzal aur behtar kehne se mana kartay thay, Janab Ameer ki Shaan mein is se badi aur kya gustakhi hogi ki unse muhabbat rakhnay ke bawajood uskay Aqeedah wa maslak ki  mukhalifat ki jaye, jis cheez ko unki shayiyyat  se tabeer kiya jata hai uski haqeeqat sirf is qadar hai ki baaz akabir ki tarah woh bhi Hazrat Ali aur ahle bayt ke baday garweedah thay. Lekin dusray Sahabah ke muratib-o-darjaat ko ahle sunnat ki tarah maantay thay, Isliye unke muasireen aur tilamazah tak ko unki shayiyyat  ka ilm na tha. Imam Ahmad se unkay sahabzada Abdullah ne iskay mutalliq sawal kiya to unhone jawab diya ki ke meray kaanon ne unse is tarah ki koi baat nahi suni hai, unkay bare mein mujhko sirf is qadar maloom hai ki vo Ahadees se bada shaghaf rakhtay thay”. Hafiz Zahabi farmatey hain ki unpar shayiyyat ka aiteraz kiya jata hai, halaanki uski haqeeqat sirf qadar thi ki voh Hazrat Ali se badi muhabbat aur unkay qatil se sakht nafrat karte thay, Ulamaye Jirah wa Tadeel ne mutafaqqih par unki tauseeq ki hai aur unki riwayaat ko tasleem kiya hai, Kutub Sihah mein unki riwayaat iska saboot hai.

 

• Soo-e-hifz wa fitoor-e-aqal:

 

Dusri Jrah ye hai ki zayeefi mein unki basarat zaayel ho gayi thi aur soo-e-hifz aur fitoo aqal mein mubtala ho gaye the lekin ye illat mehez akhri daur ki hadeeson ke liye Qaadeh aur maane ho sakti hai iskay pehle kay riwayaat ke saboot-o-aitebaar mein isse farq nahi aata balki baaz Ulama ne budhape ki sirf unhi riwayaton ko kamzor kaha hai jinko woh yaaddasht se bayan kartay thay. Baaz aur bhi aiterazaat kiye gaye hain lekin Hafiz Ibn Hajar aur Allamah Zahabi ne unko sarasar muhmal aur be niyaaz qarar diya hai.

 

REFERENCE:

Book: “Tazkeeratul Muhadiseen”

Taleef: ‘Ziya Udddin Islaahi’