Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ( رحمة الله)

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ( رحمة الله) ki Halaat-e-zindagi:

 

Yun to Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ( رحمة الله) ki seerat-o-sawaneh hayaat par mukhtalif Ulama ne apni apni zubaan mein apne apne mizaaj ke mutaabiq kitaabein tehreer farmaayi hain, aur in mein se baaz Kitabein  to is hawale se itni kaafi aur waafi hain ke phir in safhaat mein usay zikr karne ki zaroorat maloom nahi hoti lekin chunke is ke baghair sirf yeh muqadma hi nahi, poori kitaab adhoori mehsoos hoti hai is liye hum HAYAAT E AHMED ke chand goshon par mukhtasar guftgu karna zaroori samajhte hain.

 

Nasab Naama:

 

Imam Ahmed ( رحمة الله) ka nasab naama in ke sahab zaade Abdullah Bin Ahmed ( رحمة الله) ne yun bayan farmaya hai:

Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Hanbal Bin Hilal Bin Asad Bin Idrees Bin Abdullah Bin Hayyan Bin  Abdullah Bin Anus Bin Auf Bin Qaasit Bin Maazin Bin Sheebaan Bin Zahal Bin Su’bah Bin ‘Akaabah Bin Su’b Bin Ali Bin Bakrr Bin Waail Zahli Sheebani, Marwazi Baghdaadi.

 

Wilaadat aur ibtidaai Nash-o-numaa:

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ( رحمة الله) maah Rabi’ us sani 164 Hijri mein paida huye, in ke Walid ain jawani ke aalam mein sirf tees (30) saal ki umar mein hi faut ho gaye the, lihaaza Imam Sahab ( رحمة الله) ki Parwarish aur nigehdaasht in ki walida ke nazuk kandhon par apni poori zimmedariyon ke sath aan padi. Khud Imam Sahab( رحمة الله) ka kehna hai ke maine apne baap dada mein se kisi ko nahi dekha.

 

Talab-e-Ilm:

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ( رحمة الله) Ibtidayi maktab ki taaleem haasil karne k baad 179 Hijri mein Ilm-e-hadees k husool mein mashghool huye, jabke in ki umar mehez pandrah (15) saal thi aur 183 Hijri mein Koofa ka safar kiya aur apne ustaad Hasheem ki wafaat tak wahan muqeem rahe, is ke baad deegar mulkon aur shehron mein  Ilm-e-hadees haasil karne k liye aate aur jate rahe.

 

Shuyukh o Asaatzah:

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ( رحمة الله) ne jin maahireen-e-fann aur ba kamaal muhaddiseen se iktisaab-e-fann kiya wo apne zamane k aaftaab-o-maahtaab they. In mein se chand ek ke naam zaada numaayan hain. Maslan,

• Ishaaq Bin Essa,

• Ismaail Bin ‘Alaih,

• Sufyaan Bin Ainiya,

• Abu Dawood Tiyaalsi,

• Abdul Rahman Bin Mehdi,

• Abdul Razzaq Bin Hamaam,

• Fazal Bin Dakeen,

• Qutaibah Bin Saeed,

• Wakee’ Bin Jaraah,

• Yahya Bin Aadam,

• Yahya Bin Saeed Alquttan waghaira.
•  

Tilamazah wa Shagirdaan-e-Rasheed*:

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) se Ilm-e-hadees haasil karne walon mein bhi apne zamane k baday baday muhaddiseen ke naam aate hain, jin mein se chand ek ke naam yeh hain, maslan:

1. Imam Bukhari (رحمة الله),
2. Imam Muslim (رحمة الله),
3. Imam Abu Dawood (رحمة الله),
4. Ibrahim Bin Ishaaq Harbi,
5. Abdullah Bin Ahmed,
6. Sauleh Bin Ahmed,
7. Bashar Bin Moosa,
8. Baqi Bin Mukhlad,
9. Rajaa Bin Murji,
10. Abu Zar’aa Damashqi,
11. Abu Haatim Raazi,
12. Muhammad Bin Yousuf Bekandi waghaira.

Aur is mein aham baat yeh hai ke baaz aise hazraat ke asmaa-e-garami bhi Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) se samaa’-e-hadees karne wale shagirdon ke zumray mein aate hain jo khud Imam Ahmed  (رحمة الله) k asaatzah wa shuyukh mein se hain maslan,

• Wakee’ Bin Juraah,

• Yahya Bin Aadam,

• Imam Shafaii’ (رحمة الله),

• Qutaiba Bin Saeed,

• Aur Abdul Rahman Mehdi waghairah.

 

Hifz-o-Zakaawat:

 

Abdullah Bin Ahmed kehte hain ke ek martaba mujhse mere waalid sahab (رحمة الله) ne farmaaya ke Wakee’ ki koi bhi kitaab le lo, phir agar tum in ki koi hadees bayan karo to main tumhein us ki sanad suna dunga, aur agar tum mujhe us ki sanad sunaoge to main tumhain us ka matan suna dunga. Yahi Abdullah Bin Ahmed kehte hain ke ek martaba mujhse Imam Abu Zar’aa (رحمة الله) ne farmaaya ke tumhare waalid ko das laakh hadeesain yaad hain, kisi ne Imam Abu Zar’aa (رحمة الله) se pucha ke aap ko kaise pata chala?

To aap ne farmaaya ke Main ne un ka imtihaan liya hai aur un se muzaakirah kiya hai. Inhi Abu Zar’aa (رحمة الله) se Saeed Bin Umro ne pucha ke aap zyada baday haafiz-e-hadees hain ya Imam Ahmed(رحمة الله)? Unho ne jawaab diya: Imam Ahmed.

 

Saeed ne pucha ke aap ko kaise maaloom hua?

 

Unho ne farmaaya ke main ne un ki kitaabon mein kuch aisi kitaabein bhi payi hain jin k aaghaaz mein un k shuyukh ka naam darj nahi hai lekin us k bawajood wo har juzz k baare mein yeh baat apne hafizay mein rakhte hain k kaunsa juzz kis sheikh se suna hai jabke mujh mein yeh salaahiyat nahi hai.

 

Masala Khalq Qur’an:

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) ke zuhd-o-wara’ aur taqwa-o-ikhlaas par aaj tak koi qadghan nahi lagai ja saki, wo Muhaddiseen mein she’baa (رحمة الله),  Yahya Alquttan (رحمة الله), aur Ibn e Madeeni (رحمة الله) ke paaye ke muhaddis they, Fuqha mein Lais (رحمة الله), Maalik(رحمة الله), Shafi’i aur Abu Yousuf (رحمة الله) ke hum rutba Fuqha mein shumaar hote the, aur zuhd-o-wara’ mein Fazeel (رحمة الله) aur Ibrahim Bin Adham (رحمة الله) jaisa maqaam-o-martaba rakhte the, wo Sahaba-e-karaam ke bahimi ikhtilafaat par mabni Sabaai riwaayaat naqal karne walo ka sakht alfaaz mein tazkirah karte they, musalman Mard-o-aurat ke khoon se hath rangeen karne walon se riwayat lena jayez nahi samajhte the, bahut se masayel aur ahaadees mein apni raye ke izhaar se ehtaraaz karte the, yahi wajah hai ke in ke mashayekh-o-asaatzah aur tilamazah-o-shagirdan rasheed yaksaan taur par in ki izzat-o-ehtiraam karte the, balke baaz muarrikheen ke mutaabiq to ghair Muslim tak in ki taazeem-o-ehtaraam karte the, is pas-e-manzar mein masla-e-Khuluq ul Qur’an Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) ki zindagi ka ek aham tareen waqiya hai jis ki kuch tafseel yahan naqal ki jati hai.

Hazrat Umar Farooq (رضي الله عنه) ki shahadat ke baad fitnon ka jo darwaza khula, us ka nateeja Hazrat Usman Ghani (رضي الله عنه ) ki alamnaak aur mazloomana shahadat ki soorat mein saamne aaya aur Hazrat Usman Ghani (رضي الله عنه) ki shahadat ke baad se ummat jo baaham dast-o-garebaan hui to aaj tak is silsilay ko roka nahi ja saka, is ki ibtidaa jung Jamal aur waqiyah siffeen se hui jis ke fauri baad “Khawaarij” ka ek giroh paida hua jis ne akaabir sahaba ( رضي الله عنهم أجمعين) ki takfeer-o-tazheek ki aur Sabaayi taaqaton ne rawaafiz ko Janam diya.

Udhar khilafat-e-Banu Umaiyya ke baad Banu Abbas ne zamaam-e-khilafat sambhaali to Ameen ur Rasheed tak halaat mein ek tehraao raha. Ameen k baad jab Mamoon ur Rasheed barsar-e-iqtidaar aaya to bahut se wo firqay jo us k pesh rau khulafaa ke zamane mein dabb gaye the ya zair-e-zameen chale gaye the, ek dum bahar nikal aaye aur khalifa Mamoon ur Rasheed unka sarparast Aa’la ban gaya. In mein Firqa e Mu’tazilah aur Jahmiyah ki raye yeh thi ke Quran Kareem dusri makhlooqat ki tarah ek makhlooq hai aur jis tarah dusri makhlooqat haadis hain issi tarah Quran Kareem bhi haadis hai. Jabke Imam Ahmed aur deegar akaabir muhaddiseen ki raye yeh thi ke Quran Kareem Allah Ta’ala ka kalaam hai aur Allah Ta’ala ka kalaam us ki sifat hai aur Allah Ta’ala ki sifaat qadeem hain, lihaza Qur’an Kareem ko makhlooq kehna jayez nahi hai.

Is ke baad khilafat  Banu Abbas ke rehnumaaon, Mu’tazilah k sakht geer Ulama aur Muhaddiseen ahle Sunnat wal Jama’at ke sarkheel Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) ke darmiyaan ek taweel Jung shuru ho gayi jis mein fatah bil aakhir haqq hi ki hui, aur Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) is imtihaan mein surkhru huye. Is imtihaan ki tafseel zail mein  mufakkir Islam Maulana Sayyad Abu ul Hassan Nadwi (رحمة الله) ke ek mazmoon se ki ja rahi hai jo un ki mashhoor ‘aalam kitaab Tareekh  da’wat o azmiyat ki pehli jild ka ek aham hissa hai.

Hazrat tehreer farmaate hain ke mamoon ne Khalq Qur’an k maslay par apni poori tawajju markooz kar di. 218 Hijri mein is ne Waali Baghdad Ishaaq Bin Ibrahim ke naam ek mufassil farmaan bheja jis mein ayimma-e-muslimeen aur bil khusoos muhaddiseen ki sakht mazammat aur haqaarat aameez tanqeed ki, in ko khalq Qur’an k Aqeedah se ikhtilaaf karne ki wajah se tauheed mein naaqis, mardood ul shahaadah,  saaqit ul aitebaar aur sharaar-e-Ummat qaraar diya, aur Haakim ko hukm diya ke jo log is maslay ke qaayel na hon, un ko un ke ohde se maa’zool kar diya jaye aur khalifa ko is ki ittilaa’ ki jaye.

Yeh farmaan Mamoon ki wafaat se chaar (4) maah qabl ka hai, is ki naqalein tamam Islami soobon ko bheji gayin aur soobedaaron (Governaron) ko hidayat ki gayi ke apne apne soobon ke Qazaah ka is maslay mein imtihaan lein aur jo is maslay se muttafiq na ho, us ko us ke ohde se hata diya jaye.

Is farmaan k baad Mamoon ne Haakim ko likha ke saat (7) baday muhaddiseen ko jo is Aqeedah ke mukhallifeen ke sar giroh hain, is ke paas bhej diya jaye. Wo sab aaye to Mamoon ne un se Khalq Quran ke baare mein sawaal kiya, un sab ne usse ittefaaq kiya aur un ko Baghdad wapis kar diya gaya, jahan unho ne Ulama-o-muhaddiseen k ek majmey ke saamne apne is Aqeedah ka izhaar kiya lekin shorish khatam na hui aur aam musalman aur taqreeban tamaam muhaddiseen apne khayal par qaiem rahe.

Inteqaal se pehle Mamoon ne Ishaaq Bin Ibrahim ko teesra farmaan bheja, jis mein Zara tafseel se pehle khat ke mazmoon ko bayan kiya tha, aur imtihaan ke daayere ko wasee’ kar ke ahalkaaraan-e-saltanat aur ahle Ilm ko bhi is mein shamil kar liya tha, aur is sab k liye is Aqeedah ko zaroori qaraar diya tha, Ishaaq ne farmaan-e-Shahi ki ta’meel ki aur mashaheer Ulama ko jama kar ke un se guftgu ki aur un ke jawabat aur mukaalmay ko badshah ke paas likh kar bhej diya. Mamoon is mahzar ko padh kar sakht bura farokhta hua. In Ulama mein se do (Bashar Bin Al Waleed aur Ibrahim Bin Al Mehdi) ke qatal ka hukm diya aur likha ke baqiyah mein se jis ko apni raye par israar ho, us ko paa-ba-jaulaan  ke paas bhej diya jaye. Chunanche baqiya tees(30) Ulama mein se (jo pehle qayel nahi hue the) , chaar(4) apni raye (Adam Khalq Quran) par qayem rahe, yeh chaar(4) ashkhaas Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله), Sajadah, Qawareeri, aur Muhammad Bin Nooh the. Dusre din Sajaadah aur  teesre din Qawaareeri ne bhi apni raye se rujoo’ kiya, aur sirf Imam aur Muhammad Bin Nooh baqi rahe jin ko Mamoon ke paas tartoos hathkadiyon aur bediyon mein rawana kar diya gaya. In ke hamraah unnees(19) dusre muhaddiseen the, jo Khalq Quran ke munkir aur is ke ghair makhlooq hone ke qayel the. Abhi yeh log Ruqqa hi puhunche the ke Mamoon ke inteqaal ki khabar mili aur in ko Hakim-e-Baghdaad ke paas waapis kar diya gaya. Raaste mein Muhammad Bin Nooh ka inteqaal ho gaya aur Imam aur unke rufaqaa Baghdaad pahunche.

Mamoon ne apne jaanasheen Mu’tasim Bin al Rasheed ko wasiyat ki thi ke wo Quran k baare mein is ke maslak aur Aqeedah par qayem rahe aur issi ki policy par Amal kare (wa khuz biseeratin akheeka fil Quran) aur Qaazi Ibn e Abi Dawwod ko badastoor apna wazeer aur musheer banaye rahe , chunanche Mu’tasim ne in dono wasiyaton par poora poora Amal kiya.

 

Imam Ahmed Ibtilaa-o-Imtihaan:

 

Ab masla Khalq Quran ki mukhaalifat aur Aqeedah Saheeha ki himayat aur hukoomat waqt k muqaable ki zimmedari tanha Imam  Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) ke upqr thi, jo giroh-e-muhaddiseen ke Imam aur Sunnat-o-Shari’at k us waqt ameen the. Imam Ahmed ko Riqqa se Baghdaad laya gaya, chaar chaar bediyaan unke paon mein padi thi, teen din tak unse is masle par munazirah kiya gaya, lekin wo apne is aqeedah se nahi hatay. Chauthay din Waali-e-Baghdad k paas un ko laya gaya, us ne kaha ke Ahmed! Tum ko apni zindagi aisi doobhar hai, Khaleefa tum ko apni talwaar se qatl nahi karega lekin us ne qasam khayi hai ke agar tum ne us ki baat qubool na ki to maar par maar padegi, aur tum ko aisi jagah daal diya jaega jahan kabhi sooraj nahi aaega.

Is ke baad Imam ko Mu’tasim k saamne pesh kiya gaya aur unko is inkaar-o-israar par atthaais (28) koday lagaye gaye, ek taaza jallaad sirf do koday lagata tha, phir dusra jallaad bulaya jata tha, Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) har koday par farmaate the:

“أعطوني شيئا من كتاب الله أؤ سنة رسول حتى أقول به”

“Mere saamne Allah ki kitaab ya us ke Rasool (ﷺ) ki sunnat se kuch pesh karo to main us ko maan lun”.

 

Waqiye ki tafseelaat Imam Ahmed ki zubaan se:

 

Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) ne is waqiye ko khud tafseel se bayaan kiya hai, wo farmaate hain:

Main jab us maqam par pahuncha jis ka naam “Baab ul Bustaan” hai to mere liye sawaari layi gayi, aur mujh ko sawaar hone ka hukm diya gaya, mujhe us waqt koi sahara dene wala na tha, aur mere paun mein bojhal bediyaan thi. Sawaar hone ki koshish mein kayi martaba main girte girte bacha, aakhir kisi na kisi tarah sawaar hua aur Mu’tasim ke mehel mein puhuncha, mujhe ek kothri mein daakhil kar diya gaya,  aur darwaza band kar diya gaya, aadhi raat ka waqt tha aur wahan koi chiraagh nahi tha, main ne namaz ke liye masah karna chaha aur hath badhaya to pani ka ek piyala aur tasht rakha hua mila, main ne wuzoo kiya aur namaz padhi, aglay din Mu’tasim ka qaasid aaya aur mujhe khaleefa ke darbaar mein le gaya,  Mu’tasim baitha hua tha, Qaazi Al Qaza Ibn e Abi Dawood bhi maujood tha aur in ke hum khayaalon ki ek badi jami’yat thi. Abu Abdul Rahman Al Shafi’i bhi maujood the, issi waqt do aadmiyon ki gardanain bhi udayi ja chuki thi. Main ne Abu Abdul Rahman Al Shafi’i se kaha ke tum ko Imam Shafi’i (رحمة الله) se masah ke baare mein kuch yaad hai? Ibn Abi Dawood ne kaha ke is shakhs ko dekho ke is ki gardan udayi jane wali hai, aur yeh Fiqh ki tehqeeq kar raha hai, Mu’tasim ne kaha ke in ko mere paas laao! Wo barabar mujhe apne paas bulata raha yahan tak ke main usse bahut qareeb ho gaya,  us ne kaha: Baith jao! Main bediyon se bahut thak gaya tha aur bojhal ho raha tha, thodi der ke baad maine kaha ke mujhe kuch kehne ki ijaazat hai? Khaleefa ne kaha: Kaho! Main ne kaha k main puchna chahta hun ke Allah ke Rasool ne kis cheez ki taraf daawat di hai? Thodi dair ki khamoshi k baad us ne kaha:

“لا أله ألا ألله”

ki shahadat ki taraf, main ne kaha: To main is ki shahadat deta hun.

Phir maine kaha: Ke aap k jadd-e-amjad Ibn-e-Abbas ( رضي الله عنه) ki riwayat hai k jab Qabeela-e-Abdul Qais ka wafad Aan Hazrat (ﷺ) ki khidmat mein haazir hua to unhone Imaan ke baare mein aap se sawal kiya.

Farmaaya: Tumhein maaloom hai ke Iman kya hai?

Unhone kaha Allah aur us ke Rasool (ﷺ) ko zyada maloom hai.

Farmaaya: Is baat ki gawaahi ke Allah ke siwa koi mabood nahi aur Muhammad (ﷺ) Allah k rasool hain, Namaz ki pabandi, zakaat ki adayegi, aur maal-e-ghaneemat mein se paanchway hissay ka nikaalna, Is par Mu’tasim ne kaha ke agar tum mere pesh rau ke hath mein pehle na aa gaye hote to main tum se ta’aruz na karta. Phir Abdul Rahman Bin Ishaaq ki taraf mukhaatib ho ke kaha ke main ne tum ko hukm nahi diya tha ke is azmayish ko khatam karo, Imam Ahmed kehte hain ke maine kaha Allah u Akbar. Is mein to musalmano ke liye kushaaish hai, khaleefa ne Ulama-e-Haazireen se kaha ke in se munazirah karo aur guftgu karo, phir Abdul Rahman se kaha ke in se guftugu karo aur

(Yahan Imam Ahmed is munazire ki tafseel bayan karte hain):

Ek aadmi baat karta aur main us ka jawab deta, dusra aadmi baat karta aur main us ka jawab deta, Mu’tasim kehta: Ahmed! Tum par Khuda rehem kare, tum kya kehte ho,main kehta: Ameer ul momineen! Mujhe kitaab ullah ya sunnat-e-Rasool (ﷺ) mein se kuch dikhaiyye to main us ka qayel ho jaun, Mu’tasim kehta ke agar yeh meri baat qubool kar len to main apne hath se in ko azaad kar dun, aur apni fauj o Lashkar k sath in ke paas jaun aur in ke astaana par haazir hun.

Phir kehta: Ahmed! Main tum par bahut shafeeq hun aur mujhe tumhara ussi tarah khayal hai jaise apne bete Haroon ka, tum kya kehte ho?

 

Main phir wohi jawab deta ke mujhe kitaab ullah ya Sunnat-e-Rasool (ﷺ) mein se kuch dikhao to main qayel hun, jab bahut der ho gayi to wo uktaa gaya aur kaha jaao, aur mujhe qaid kar diya aur main apni pehli jagah waapis kar diya gaya. Agle din phir mujhe talab kiya gaya aur munazirah hota raha, aur main sab ke jawab deta raha yahan tak ki zawaal ka waqt ho gaya. Jab uktaa gaya to kaha ke in ko le jao, teesri raat ko main samjha ke kal kuch ho kar rahega, maine dori mangwayi aur usse apni bediyon ko kass liya aur jis izaar band se maine bediyaan baandh rakhi thi, usko apne pajamay mein phir daal liya ke kaheen koi sakht waqt aaye aur main barhana ho jaun. Teesre roz mujhe phir talab kiya gaya, maine dekha ke darbaar bhara hua hai, main mukhtalif dyorhiyaan aur muqamaat tayy karta hua aage badha. Kuch talwaarein liye khade the,  kuch koday liye, agle dono dino ke bahut se log aaj nahi the, jab main Mu’tasim k paas puhuncha to kaha baith jao, phir kaha in se munazirah karo aur guftgu karo, log munazirah karne lage, main ek ka jawab deta phir dusre ka jawab deta,  meri awaaz sab par ghaalib thi, jab dair ho gayi to mujhe alag kar diya gaya aur un ke sath takhliya mein kuch baat kahi,  phir unko hata diya aur mujhe bula liya.

Phir kaha: Ahmed! Tum par khuda rehem kare, tum meri baat maan lo, main tum ko apne hath se rihaa karunga. (Mu’tasim Imam Ahmed ke maamle main naram pad gaya tha, magar Ahmed Bin Dawood barabar usko garam karta raha aur ghairat dilata raha ke log kahenge ke Mu’tasim apne bhai Mamoon ke maslak se hatt gaya. Maine pehla sa jawab diya, is par usne barham ho kar kaha: Ke in ko pakdo aur kheencho aur inke hath ukhed do, Mu’tasim kursi par baith gaya aur jallaado aur taazyana lagane walo ko bulaya. Jalladon se kaha aage badho, ek aadmi aage badhta aur mujhe do koday lagaata, Mu’tasim kehta zor se koday lagaao, phir door hatt jata aur dusra aata aur do koday lagata, unnees (19) kodon ke baad phir Mu’tasim mere paas aaya aur kaha: Kyun Ahmed! Apni jaan ke peeche pade ho, bakhuda mujhe tumhara bahut khayal hai, ek shakhs ‘Ajeef mujhe apni talwar k dastay se chhedta aur kehta ke tum un sab par ghalib aana chahte ho. Dusra kehta ke Allah ke bande! Khaleefa tumhare sar par khada hua hai, koi kehta ke: Ameer ul Momineen! Aap rozay se hain, aur aap dhoop mein khade hue hain, Mu’tasim phir mujhse baat karta, aur main us ko wohi jawab deta, woh phir jallad ko hukm deta ke poori quwwat se koday lagao, Imam kehte hain phir is asnaa mein mere hawaas jaate rahe, jab mein hosh mein aaya to dekha ke bediyaan khol di gayi hain, haazireen mein se ek shakhs ne kaha ke hum ne tum ko ondhay munh giraa diya, tum ko ronda, Ahmed kehte hain ke mujh ko kuch ehsaas nahi hua.”

(Taareekh ul Islam lil Mazhabi, Tarjuma tul Imaam Ahmed ص 41-49 bi ikhtisaar o takhlees)

 

Be nazeer Azeemat-o-Istiqaamat:

 

Is ke baad Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal ko ghar puhuncha diya gaya, jab se wo giraftaar kiye gaye, rihaai ke waqt tak atthaaees (28) maheene unko habss mein guzre, unko 33-34 koday lagaye gaye, Ibrahim Ibn-e-Mus’ab jo sipahiyon mein se the, kehte hain ke maine Ahmed se zaada jarri aur dilair nahi dekha. Unki nigaah mein hum logo ki haqeeqat bilkul makkhi ki si thi…….. Muhammad Bin Ismail kehte hain ke maine suna hai ki Ahmed ko aise koday lagaye gaye ki ek koda agar hathi ko padta to cheekh maar kar bhaagta. Ek sahab jo waqiye ke waqt maujood they bayan karte hain ke Imam rozay se the, maine kaha bhi ki aap rozay se hain, aur aap ko apni jaan bachane ke liye is Aqeedah ka iqraar kar lene ki gunjaaish hai, lekin unhone is ki taraf iltifaat nahi kiya, ek martaba pyaas ki bahut shiddat hui to pani talab kiya. Aap k saamne barf ke pani ka pyala pesh kiya gaya, aap ne us ko hath mein liya aur kuch dair us ko dekha, phir baghair pani piye waapis kar diya.

Sahabzada kehte hain ke inteqaal k waqt mere waalid ke jism par zarb ke nishan the. Abul Abbas kehte hain ke ahmed jab Riqqa mein mahboos the, to logo ne unko samjhaana chaha aur apne bachao karne ki hadeesein sunayi to unhone farmaaya ke Khubaab ki hadees ka kya jawab hai, jis mein kaha gaya hai ke pehle baaz baaz log aise the jinke sar par aaraa rakh kar chala diya jata tha phir bhi wo apne deen se nahi hat’te the.

Yeh sun kar log na umeed ho gaye aur samajh gaye ke wo apne maslak se nahi hatenge aur sab kuch bardasht karenge.

 

Imam Ahmed ka kaarnama aur is ka sila:

 

Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) ki be nazeer saabit qadmi aur istiqamat se yeh fitna hamesha ke liye khatam ho gaya aur musalman ek baday deeni khatray se mehfooz ho gaye. Jin logon ne is deeni ibtilaa mein hukoomat-e-waqt ka sath diya tha aur mauqa parasti aur maslehat shanaasi se kaam liya tha, wo logon ki nigaahon se girr gaye aur un ka deeni wa Ilmi aitbaar jata raha. Is ke bil muqabil Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) ki shaan do baala ho gayi, unki muhabbat ahle sunnat aur Sahih ul Aqeedah musalmanon ka sho’aar aur alaamat ban gayi, unke ek mu’aasir Qutaiba ka maqula hai ke:

“أذا رأيت الرجل يحب احمد بن حنبل فاعلم انه صاحب سنة”

“Jab tum kisi ko dekho ke usko Ahmed Bin Hanbal se muhabbat hai to samajh lo ke wo sunnat ka mutba’a hai”.

Ek dusre Aalim Ahmed Bin Ibrahim al durqi ka qaul hai:

 

[ من سمعتموه يذكر احمد بن حنبل بسوء فاتهموه على الأسلام ]

“Jis ko tum Ahmed Bin Hanbal ka zikr burayi se karte suno us ke Islam ko mashkook nazar se dekho”.

Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) hadees mein Imam-e-waqt the, musnad ki tarteeb-o-taaleef unka bahut bada ilmi karnaama hai. Wo mujtahid fil mazhab aur Imam-e-mustaqil hain, wo baday zaahid o ‘aabid they, yeh sab fazeelatain apni jagah par musallam hain, lekin in ki ‘aalamgir maqbooliyat-o-mahboobiyat aur ‘azmat-o-Imaamat ka asal raaz unki ‘azeemat aur istiqaamat, is fitna-e-‘aalam aashoob mein deen ki hifaazat aur apne waqt ki sab se badi baadshahi ka tanha muqabla tha, yahi in ki qubool-e-aam aur baqaaye dawaam ka asal sabab hai.

آوازہء خلیل ز تعمیر کعبہ نیست

مشہور شد ازاں کہ در آتش نکوءشت

In ke mu’asireen ne jinhone is fitna ki ‘aalam aashoobi dekhi thi, inke is karnaame ki ‘azmat ka badi faraakh dili se aitiraaf kiya hai aur Is ko deen ki barwqat hifaazat aur maqaam-e-siddiqiyat se taa’beer kiya hai. Inke ham ‘asr aur ham ustaad mashhoor muhaddis-e-waqt Ali Bin Al Madeeni (Jo Imam Bukhari k maya naaz ustaad hain) ka irshaad hai:

” أن الله اعز هذا الدين برجلين ليس لهما ثالث ، أبو بكر الصديق يوم الردة واحمد بن حنبل يوم المحنة “

“Allah Ta’ala ne is deen ke ghalbay wa hifaazat ka kaam do shakhson se liya hai jinka koi teesra humsar nazar nahi aata. Irtidaad k mauqe par Abu Bakr Siddique (رضي الله عنه) aur Fitna-e-Khalq Qur’an k silsilay mein Ahmed Bin Hanbal “.

 

Ahl-o-Ayaal:

 

Masla-e-Khalq Quran par is tafseeli behes ke baad hum apne asal mauzoo’ ki taraf laut’te huye hayaat-e-Ahmed ke baqiyah goshon par mukhtasir kalaam karne ke liye unke Ahl-o-Ayaal ka jayeza lete hain to maaloom hota hai ke Imam Ahmed ne chaalees (40) saal ki umar mein nikaah farmaya. Unka nikah Abbasa Binte Fazal se hua jin ke yahan Imam Ahmed ke sahabzaaday Sauleh paida huye, lekin kuch hi arsay baad Abbasa ka inteqaal ho gaya aur Imam Sahab (رحمة الله) ne Rehana naami khatoon se nikaah kar liya, jin ke yahan Imam Sahab ke doosre sahabzaaday Abdullah paida huye, aur kuch arsay baad hi Rehana bhi apne Khaaliq-e-Haqeeqi se ja milin. Phir Imam Sahab (رحمة الله) ne “Husn” naami ek baandi khareed li, jis se ek bachhi Zainab aur do judwaa bachhe Hassan aur Hussain paida huye, Lekin zyada der zinda na reh sake, albatta is ke baad Hassan aur Muhammad paida huye jo chaalees (40) saal tak zinda rahe, taaham Mourrikheen is baat par muttafiq hain ke Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) ki nasal bahut zyada chal nahi saki aur in ki deegar aulaad k ahwaal maaloom na ho sake.

 

Wafaat aur us se pehle zuhoor pazeer hone wale kuch aham Waqiyaat:

 

Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal (رحمة الله) ka maamool tha ke wo ek hafte mein ek Quran mukammal padhte the, Khatm Quran k mauqay par Dua ka ehtemaam karte aur log is mein shareek hote, ek martaba issi tarah khatm Qur’an k baad dua ka ehtemaam kiya hua tha ke dua se faraaghat k baad kehne lage:

Main Allah se kayi martaba Istikhara kar chuka hun aur ab Allah se ahad karta hun ke aaj ke baad aakhir dum tak koi hadees bayan nahi karunga. Chunanche Imam Sahab (رحمة الله) ne aisa hi kiya, jiska baaz mourrikheen  ke mutaabiq yeh wajah bayan ki gayi hai ke khaleefa-e-waqt ne inhain is hawalay se mana kiya tha, aur baaz mourrikheen ke mutaabiq khaleefa Mutawakkal ne in se apne sahabzaaday ko tanhaai mein dars-e-hadees ki farmayish ki thi jis par unhone yeh qasam kha li thi.

Sauleh Bin Ahmed kehte hain ke 241 Hijri ke maah-e-Rabii’ ul awwal ki pehli budhh ki shab thi ke waalid sahab ko bukhaar shuru hua, saari raat wo bukhar mein taptay rahe aur saans dhoonkni ki tarah chalti rahi, inhain mukhtalif amraaz ne aa ghera tha lekin is ke bawajood in ki aqal mein kisi qism ki koi kami kotaahi waqey’ na hui thi, Marwazi ke baqaul Imam Ahmed nau (9) din tak beemaar rahe, agar kabhi wo logo ko apni ayaadat ke liye aane ki ijaazat dete to log fauj darr fauj unki ayaadat ke liye haazir hote the. Hatta ke ek waqt mein aane walon ki tadaad itni zyada hogayi ke galiyaan aur masjidain aur sadkein bharr gayin, hatta ke baaz taajiron ko apni tijaarat mauqoof karni padi.

 

Isi dauran Khaleefa ki jaanib se Haajin Bin Taahir aaya aur kehne laga:

 

Ameer ul momineen aap ko salaam kehte hain aur wo aap ki ziyaarat ke liye aana chahte hain, Imam Sahab ne farmaya ke main isey achha nahi samajhta, aur jis cheez ko main achha nahi samajhta, ameer ul momineen ne mujhe is se muaaf kar rakha hai. Apni wafaat se ek do din pehle badi mushkil se farmaaya:

Mere paas bachhon ko bulaao, chananche bachhon ko laaya gaya, wo un se chimat’te the, aur Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) unhain soonghte the, unke sar par hath pherte aur unhein duaen dete the, Marwazi kehte hain ke maine unke neeche ek bartan rakh diya tha, baad mein dekha to wo khoon se bhara hua tha, main ne tabeeb se is ki wajah poochi to us ne bataya ke gham ne in ke pait ke tukday kar diye hain.

Jumerat ke din unki beemaari mein izaafa ho gaya, shab-e-Juma isi tarah be qaraari mein guzri aur Jume k din Baarah (12) Rabii’ ul Awwal 241 Hijri ko aap ka inteqaal ho gaya. Ghusl aur takfeen k maraahil se faraaghat paane ke baad namaaz-e-janazah ka mauqa sab se aham tha, jis mein atraaf-o-aknaaf se logon ki itni badi tadaad jama ho gayi thi ke isse pehle kisi janazay mein logon ki itni badi tadaad nahi dekhi gayi. Baaz Mourrikheen ke mutaabiq unki namaz-e-jaanaza mein aath (8) laakh mardon aur saath (60) hazaar khawaateen ki shumooliyat ka andaza lagaya gaya hai, ek arsay tak log in ki qabar par haazir hote rahe aur apni ‘aqeedat ka izhaar karte rahe.

 

Imam Ahmed k sahabzaaday Abdullah Bin Ahmed:

 

In ki wilaadat maah e Jamaadus saaniyah 213 Hijri mein hui, Jabke maqam-e-paidaish Baghdaad hai, Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) ke Ahl-o-Ayaal ke tazkirah mein unki waalida aur deegar behen bhaiyyon ka tazkirah aa gaya hai , aur yeh bhi kar Abdullah hi Imam Ahmed (رحمة الله) k sahih janasheen saabit huye, aur unhone hi Imam Sahab (رحمة الله) ki musnad ko paaya-e-takmeel tak pahunchaya aur us mein bahut kuch izaafe kiye. Muhaddiseen ne in ki tauseeq ki hai, taaham ek waqt mein aa kar unhone Hams k Ohdaa-e-Qazaa ko qubool kar liya tha,  unhone satattar (77) saal ki umar payi aur ikkees (21) jamadius saaniyah 290 Hijri baroz itwaar wafaat payi. Namaz-e-jaanaza unke bhateeje Zuheer Bin Sauleh ne padhai aur musalmano ki ek ‘azeem jamaa’t ne in ki namaz-e-jaanaza mein shirkat ki.

 

REFERENCE:

Book: “MUSNAD IMAM AHMAD BIN HAMBAL” (Urdu)

Tarjuma: ‘Moulana Mohammad Zaffar Iqbal’