Imam Ibn Sa’ad (رحمه الله)

 

Kitaab “Tabqaat Ibn Sa’ad” : Is kitaab kay musannif Hafiz Allamah Abu Abdullah muhammad bin Sa’ad Al Yarboo’i hain Jin ko Qabilah Bani Yarboo’ se khandani intisab tha. Basrah mein yeh khandaan muqeem tha Ur wahin Ibn-e-Sa’ad paida hue.

In ki Ibtidayi zindagi saadat Bani Hashim ki ghulami mein guzri, bohot dinon tak Muhammad bin Umar Al Waqidi ki kitabat bhi karte rahe hatta keh “kaatib-e-waqidi” kay nam se mash’hoor bhi huye. Us zamane mein mushahir ayimma istifadah karte rahe aur jab aap Azad huye to tamam Zindagi nashr Ilm kay liye waqf kar di.

Baghdad mein aake muqeem huye jo Ilm-o-hikmat ka markaz tha. Bade bade naamwar moor Muhaddiseen maslan Hasheem, Sufyan bin ainiya’ ibn-uliya’ Waleed-bin-Muslim se hadeesein riwayat kein aur us tarah Islam ne apne Ghulamon ki wo tarbiyat ki keh azaadgan rozgaar us kay halqa bagosh ho gaye.

Is baab mein itna shaghuf tha keh jo buzurg neechy tabqe kay they magar jalalat-e-shan mein wo sabqeen par fouq le gaye the Ibn-Sa’ad un se bhi riwayat karte hain aur yahi bayes hai keh Sheikh Al Islam fil-hadith Yahya bin Ma’een se unhone aksar riwayat ki hai.

Qareeb qareeb jitne asateen Ilm Hadith guzre hain sab kay sab unhe siqah wa sabt-o-sadoq-o-hujjat maante hain. Chunancheh Ilm-ul-rijal kay buzurg tareen naqaad Abu hatim ne bhi unki tauseeq ki hai. Nihayat A’ala ye keh Mashayekh Muhaddiseen ko un ki Shagirdi ka fakhar hai Ibn abi duniya jaise yaktaye rozgaar un kay halqa-e-dars mein baith te hain aur un ki sanad se Hadeesein riwayat karte hain. Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal (رحمت الله عليه) keh uloo manzilat kay shehra-e-Afaaq hain. Inke majmua Ahadees kay ajza manga manga kay istifadah kiya karte the.

 

Ibn Sa’ad mukhtalif Uloom Islam kay jam’e they Jin ki jam’e wa mukhtasir taqseem ho sakti hai:

 

(1) Hadith bi jami’el Asnaaf

(2) Ghareeb-ul-Quran wa ghareeb-ul-Hadith: Ye bhi qism awwal ka hi aik shoba hai magar Ibn Sa’ad kay tabahhur wa tafannun ne us mein aik mustaqil haisiyat paida kar li thi.

(3) Fiqah

(4) Tareekh

(5) Adab

(6) Seerat-e-Nabvi (ﷺ) Akhbaar Sahabah رضى اللہ تعالى عنہما

Qudmaayee musannifeen un tamam uloom mein sar aamad zamana tasleem karte aaye hain.

 

Teen mabsoot-o-mustaqil kitaben inhon ne yadgar chhodi:

 

1) Tabaqat-e-Kabeer

2) Tabaqat-e-Sagheer

3) Tareekhe-e-Islam

In mein do akhri kitaabein Dunia se napayd ho chuki hain. Awwaluz-zikar bhi napayd thi magar mustashriqeen almani ki koshishon ne is gumshudah gauhar shabe chiragh ko dhundh nikala aur A’ala hazrat badshahe Islam Zillullah fil arzain mahiyyul millata wal hikmata wal haqqa wad deen , Umdah muluk was salateen, nizamul Malik Asif jaah, Sabe’ tajdar dakkan ayyadahullah wabid dawlahq wa Rafa shadah wa sheed shawkah ki badee’ul misal ma’arif nawazi wa mu’allim afzazi kay tufail mein aj is ka Urdu tarjuma hadiya-e-ahle nazar hai.

Is fan mein jis qadar ma’roof musannifat hain ye kitab taqreeban in sab ki maakhiz hai aur sab hi ne ise mustanid maana hai. Is mein aise aise sabaq amoz waqiat milte hain jo kisi dusri tareekh mein mil hi nahin sakte. Baii.n hama wa khas baatein nazar andaz nahi ho saktin.

 

1) Anbiyae Sabiqeen عليهم السلام kay halat mein kitabullah wa Ahadees RasullAllah (ﷺ) se jo baatein zaayed mazkoor hain wo amooman ahad jahiliat ya us kay qareebi zamane kay yahudion aur Isaayion se makhiz hain. Jinhen ahle kitaab kehte the aur jin kay paas Taurat wa talmood wa shuruh wa hawashi aur ek sau (100) kay qareeb mutanaqisul mataalib wa mutakhaliful ma’ani injeelon ka ek bada tumaar tha.

Jo waqiyaat ahle kitaab riwayat karte the Ulama-e-Arab unhi ki zimmedari par in ko naqal kar dete they aur in ko tehqeeeq kay mutalliq ye aslul usul qarar de rakha tha keh  لا نصدقها و لا نكذبها (ham in kahanion ki na tasdeeq karte hain na takzeeb). Ahle Arab kay Shane tehqeeeq asal mein wahan se shuru hoti hai Jahan se Tareekhe-e-Islam ka aghaz hai aur usi ki tadeel-o-tamhees in ki manshaye haqeeqi bhi hai.

2) Is kitab mein mojzaat ki aksar riwayaten maujud hain aur yahi wo khaar hai jo hamare zamane ki maddi ankhon mein khatakta hai. Ye buzurg samajhte hain keh qanoone qudrat kay tamam waqiyat par goya wo haawi ho chuke hain aur un ki raye mein kisi Khaariq adaat ka sudoor goya namuse fitart kay manaqis hai. Yahi bayes hai keh is kitaab se bhi wo badguman ho rahe hain lekin is ko kya karenge keh Islam hi nahin dunia kay har mazhab ka bada sarmaya maujzat se mamur hai aur khud Ilmo hikmat bhi Aslan is kay manafi nahin.

 

عقل را نیست سر عربدہ ایں جا با نقل

پنبہ را آشتیں ایں جابہ شرار افتاد است

 

Ye maqam is behes ki tosee’ ka nahin hai. Ahle nazar ko khaas isi masle ki Ilmi tehqeeeq ke liye ek mustaqil kitab ka intezar karna chahye jo surmaye deedah ulil absar hogi. In sha Allah.

 

وما توفيقى إلا بالله. عليه توكلت و إليه انيب

 

Aik mabsoot naaqdana muqadme ko bhi is tarjume kay sath zaroorat thi aur khaas riwayaton par az royee usool takhreej wa ta’deel makhsoos ta’aleeq bhi karni thi. Lekin afsoos hai keh us ka mauqa nahi mila. Taaham us ناصر الدينيه والحضارة العربية والمدينة الإسلامية Sheher Yaar Ilm par mu’eed hikmat wa hunar mata’nal Allah bidawaam hayatehi, wa qawam ayatehi, bil-hazh illa wafi walqist illa wadar’ hi ka yaman Iqbal hai keh jam’e usmaniya mein itna bada wase’e Kaam hua aur ho raha hai.

 

ہر کرا باسبزش سر سودا باشد

پائے ازیں دائرہ بیروں نہ نہد تاباشد

 

Ibn-e-Sa’ad ka san wiladat 168 Hijri aur Saal wafat 230 Hijri hai. 62 Saal ki umar thi jab wa asal sabhaq (سبحق) huye aur Dar-ul-Islam Baghdad mein dafan kiye gaye. Imam Zahabi keh sar giroh Muhaddiseen hain Tabqaat Ibn-e-Sa’ad ko bade fakhar se riwayat karte hain. Us tafakhar ki Jo sanad unhe hasil thi. Taqreeban asal kitaab ki sanad riwayat bhi wahi hai aur unhi safhaat mein alehda sabat ho chuki hai.

Allahu Akbar aik wo zamana tha keh Islam kay ghulam itne bade Imam hote the. Aise sar karda Inam hote they aur ab aik yeh waqt hai keh Jo naam nihaad Azad hain jihalat kay haathon wo bhi aseer Iztahaad hain, فهل من مدكر ؟

  چوں ازو چشتی ہمہ از توگشت

 

REFERENCE:

Book: “TABQAAT IBN SA’AD” (Urdu)

Tarjumah: ‘Allamah Abdullah al-ammadi”