33. HAUZAAN AUR SAQEEF KA MUARKA [Battle of Hunayn]
HAWAZAN AUR SAQEEF KA M’ARKAH
Shawwal 8 hijri:
Makkah jo hijaz ki Rajdhaani aur Arab ki mazhabi jagah thi- Jab iski chat par Islam ka jhanda buland hua tou saare arab me isko Deen-e-Islam ki sachai ka nishaan manliya aur har tarf se log kufr ke phande se nikal nikal kar islaam ki aamaan mein aarahe the magar makkah ke qareeb Hawazan aur Saqeef do aise taqatwar qabileh the jo kisi dusre qabileh ki maataheti ke nang ko gawara nahi karna chahate the- Hawazan ke qabileh ke sardaron ne auron ko bhi ubhaara aur hunain ke maidaan mein Islam ke khilaf aik mila jula bohat barha jatha aikhatta kiya- Musalmaanon ki bara(12) hazar fauj jisme barha hessa quraish ke nou musalmaanon ka tha, Barhe saro saman se iske muqable ko nikli- Hawazan ke log teer chalane mein apna jawab nahi rakhte the unki pehli hi barh mein musalmaanon ke paou ukhar gae.
Gou musalmaanou par ab teeron ka meenah baras raha tha aur un bara hazar fauj muntashar hogae thi magar Nabi Kareem(ﷺ ) apni jagah par the- Aap ne daeni janib dekha aur pukara, Ae Ansar ke giroh! Awaz ke sath jawab mila ke ham hazir hai- Phir Aap ne bain janib pukara, Ab bhi wohi awaz ae- Aap sawari se utar parhe aur josh ke lehje mein farmaaya: mein hoon Allah ka banda aur Uska paighambar! Mein bilashuba paighambar hoon aur Abdul Mutallib ka farzand hoon- Hazrat Abbas(رضی اللہ عنہ ) ne musalmaanon ko awaz di, Ae Ansar ke giroh ! Aur ae wo logon! Jinho ne Islam par jaan dene ki ba’et ki hai, aage barho- Un Asr mein doobi hui awazon ka kanon mein parhna tha keh Islam ke jaanbaaz palat parhe aur us josh se barhe keh Zarhen utar kar phenkdi aur ghonro se kud parhe- Ab maidan ka rang badal gaya – kafiron ki fauj kaae ki tarha phat gae aur unke lashkar mein bhagdarh machgae-
Kafiron ki fauj ka kuch hessa bhag kar taif mein jama hua – Taif mein Saqeef ka qabilah apne ko quraish ke barabar ka janta tha- Unka Qilah bhi barha mazboot tha aur qileh mein laraee ka saara samaan bhi tha- Unho ne qilah band karke laraee shuru ki- Musalmaanon ne qileh par bar bar hamle kiye lekin qilah fatah nahi hua- Musalmaanon ko is qileh ko yu chorkar hatna gawara na tha- Unho ne Rasool Allah( ﷺ) se aik din ki muhalat chahi- Ijazat mili tou dusre din barhe zor se hamlah kiya magar kamyaabi ab bhi dur thi- Musalmaanon ne arz ki, Ae Allah ke Rasool(ﷺ )! Unke haq mein Bad dua kijie- Barakat wale lab hile tou ye Alfaaz nikle “Allah! Saqeef ko hidayat naseeb kar aur unko Islam ke Aastaane par laa.” Dua ka ye teer na chuka- Do saal bhi ghuzarne nahi pae the Saqeef ke logon ne khud medine mein aakar Islam ka kalma parha.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “RAHEMAT-E-ALAM”
BY ALLAMAH SAYYED SULEMAN NADWI(رحمه الله)
Battle of Hunayn
The conquest of Makkah had silenced its citizens, but neighbouring tribes clamoured for a confrontation. Qays Milan assembled for consultation with Banu Thaqif and Banu Hawazen in the forefront. They said among themselves, “As Muhammad (ﷺ )has already won the war against his people, none remains to prevent him from fighting against us. Why should we not take the initiative?”
Accordingly, they decided to fight and mustered a large army under Malik bin Auf Nasari. They came down to Autas, their women and children and livestock with them. An old veteran, Durayd bin Simma, who was highly reputed in the art of warfare, accompanied the Hawazen army. When Durayd heard the groaning camels, the braying asses, the bleeting sheep and goats and the crying children, he asked Malik to explain their presence in the army. Malik replied that each number of the army was to be followed by his family and material possessions so that each man would fight fiercely to defend them.
Durayd said, “By God, you are a shepherd! Who can block the way of the deserter? Behold! If you win the battle, it is you alone who will be the winners with your swords and spears; if you are defeated, you will be disgraced in front of your families.” Then he advised Malik to send the non-combatants back home, but the latter refused. He assembled the women, children and livestock in Autas while he himself proceeded to the neighbouring valley of Hunayn with the troops, and lay in ambush.
When informed of the developments, the Prophet (ﷺ ) marched on at the head of twelve thousand soldiers from Makkah on Saturday, Shawwal 6, 8 A.H. He took one thousand coats of mail and other weaponry from Safwan bin Umayya on credit, and the administration of Makkah was entrusted to Uqab bin Usayd.
On the way, the troops came across a big tree named Dhat Al-Anwat. It was a shrine to the pagan city deity of war. From its branches, the pagan Arabs suspended their weapons, offered sacrifices beneath it and performed some rites of propitiation. Some people who had not quite grasped the essence of Islam beseeched the Prophet(ﷺ ) “Make us a Dhat Al-Anwat similar to theirs.” At this the Prophet (ﷺ )replied, “Allah is the Most Great! You have said what the people of Musa (ﷺ )said to him: “Fashion for us a god similar to their gods.’ Musa (ﷺ )replied, ‘You are an ignorant people!” (7: 138)
The Prophet (ﷺ )then added, “Verily, you will follow every custom of the people before you.”
The Muslims exuded overconfidence because of their great strength. Some even exulted that they could not be defeated now for want of numbers, and the Prophet (ﷺ ) grew displeased at their arrogance. When evening set in, a cavalier brought the news that Banu Hawazen had come out along with their women, children, camels and goats. The Prophet (ﷺ )smiled and remarked, “Inshaa Allah, all these will become the spoils of war for the Muslims.”
On the tenth of Shawwal, the Prophet (ﷺ )reached Hunayn. Before descending the valley at dawn, the Prophet (ﷺ ) arrayed the troops. He gave the standard of the Muhajireen to Ali bin Abi Talib, the standard of Aus to Usayd bin Hudayr, and that of the Khazraj to Hubab bin Mundhir. Each clan had its standard bearer. The Prophet (ﷺ ) himself wore a double coat of arms and a helmet covering his head and face. The vanguard then began to descend the valley, unaware of the enemy troops lying in wait.
The Muslim soldiers were still in the process of descending when the enemy troops sprang on them like a swarm of locusts. The onslaught forced the Muslim flanks to fall back and they fled in terror, each up-heeding of the other. Those in the rear followed suit, and a complete rout of the Muslims was in sight. This turn of events gladdened the hearts of the polytheists and the token converts to Islam. Abu Sufyan remarked, “Their [the Muslims] fight will not stop until they reach the sea.” Kildah, Safwan’s brothers, rejoice, “The spell of their sorcery has ended today!”
Another brother said, “Receive the glad tidings of the defeat of Muhammad and his followers! He will never be able to unite them.” Safwan, although a polytheist, chided those who mocked the Muslims and said, “By God, I would rather be defeated by a man from the Quraysh than a man from Hawazen.”
While his troops scattered in confusion, the Prophet (ﷺ ) remained steadfast on the battlefield. He pressed ahead, spurring his mule and declared: “Verily, I am the True Prophet (ﷺ ). I am the son of Abdul Muttalib.”
Abu Sufyan bin Harith was holding the bridle of his mule, while Abbas was holding the stirrup, trying to keep the Prophet (ﷺ ) from advancing toward the enemy too swiftly. The Prophet (ﷺ )then dismounted and prayed to Allah, seeking His help. Then he instructed Abbas, who had a booming voice, to call his Companions.
Abbas called out, “O comrades of the tree! [i.e. those who took the pledge of Ridwan] Where are you!” All those who heard the cry were compelled to turn, and they called back, “Here we are!” Numbering about one hundred, they rushed purposefully toward the resounding voice. Reinforced thus, the Prophet (ﷺ )bore down upon the enemy, and a new battle between the two parties started.
A call was then given to the Ansar and then to Banu AlHarith bin Khazraj, and the Muslim squadrons returned to the valley one after another. Peace descended upon the Prophet (ﷺ )and the believers, and an unseen army fought side by side with the Muslims who began to fight with fresh resolve. The Prophet(ﷺ ) took a handful of dust and threw it at his enemies saying, “May their faces be disfigured.” At this the enemies’ eyes were stung by the dust, and from that moment on they became confused and helpless. In disarray, they fled the battleground.
The Muslim army pursued their terrified enemies, killing some and capturing others with ease. Along with the captured soldiers, the Muslims also rounded up the women and children of their enemies. Only moments before the Muslims had appeared to be on the verge of defeat, but Allah reunited them and endowed them with victory. Witnessing the Prophet’s (ﷺ ) miraculous triumph, many pagans embraced Islam.
The polytheists take flight
Three groups of pagan soldiers managed to escape, the largest group fleeing to Ta’if, another group to Nakhlah, and a third group barricaded themselves in Autas. The Prophet (ﷺ ) sent Abu Amr Ash’ari , the uncle of Abu Musa Ash’ari (رضی اللہ عنہ ), to Autas at the head of the squadron. He successfully dispersed the enemy before being martyred. Abu Musa Ash’ari (رضی اللہ عنہ ) then took over and led the squadron back with the spoils they had won.
Another squadron went on the Nakhlah in pursuit of the second group of pagans, and there they captured Durayd bin Simma and killed him. At the end of the fight, the Prophet (ﷺ ) asked his men to pile all the spoils of the battle in one spot. When everything was gathered, the spoils amounted to, 24,000 camels, 40, 000 or more goats, 160,000 dirhams worth of silver, and 6,000 women and children. The Prophet (ﷺ ) ordered everything be taken to Jerana, and he appointed Ma’ud bin Amr Ghifari (رضی اللہ عنہ ) to oversee the process.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: WHEN THE MOON SPLIT FINAL.
Compiled by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri
Edited and Translated by Tabassum Siraj – Michael Richardson Badr Azimabadi
ہوازن اور ثقیف کا معرکہ
شوال 8 ہجری
مکہ جو حجاز کی راجدھانی اور عرب کی مذہبی جگہ تھی۔ جب اسکی چھت پر اسلام کا جھنڈا بلند ہوا تو سارے عرب نے اسکو دین اسلام کی سچائی کا نشان مان لیا اور ہر طرف سے لوگ کفر کے پھندے سے نکل نکل کر اسلام کی امان میں آرہے تھے ۔ مگر مکہ کے قریب ہوازن اور ثقیف دو ایسے طاقتور قبیلے تھے جو کسی دوسرے قبیلے کی ماتحتی کے ننگ کو گوارا نہیں کرنا چاہتے تھے ۔ ہوازن کے قبیلے کے سرداروں نے اوروں کو بھی ابھارا اور حنین کے میدان میں اسلام کے خلاف ایک ملا جلا بہت بڑا جتھا اکٹھا کیا ۔ مسلمانوں کی بارہ ہزار فوج جس میں بڑا حصہ قریش کے نو مسلموں کا تھا ، بڑے سروسامان سے اس کے مقابلے کو نکلی ۔ ہوازن کے لوگ تیرکے حق میں بددعا کیجیے ۔ برکت والے لب ہلے تو یہ لفظ نکلے “اللہ!ثقیف کو ہدایت نصیب کر اور انکو اسلام کے آستانے پر لا” دعا کا یہ تیر نہ چوکا۔ دو سال بھی گزرنے نہی پائے تھے کہ ثقیف کے لوگوں نے خود مدینے میں آکر اسلام کا کلمہ پڑھا۔ چلانے میں اپنا جواب نہی رکھتے تھے ۔ ان کی پہلی ہی باڑھ میں مسلمانوں کے پاؤں اکھڑ گئے ۔
گو مسلمانوں پر اب تیروں کا مینہ برس رہا تھا اور ان کی بارہ ہزار فوج منتشر ہو گئی تھی ۔ مگر حضور ﷺ اپنی جگہ پر تھے آپ نے داہنی جانب دیکھا اور پکارا ، اے انصار کے گروہ !آواز کے ساتھ جواب ملا کہ ہم حاضر ہیں اور پھر آپ نے بائیں جانب پکارا ، اب بھی وہی آواز آئی ۔ آپ سواری سے اتر پڑے اور جوش کے لہجے میں فرمایا :
أَنَا النَّبِيُّ لاَ كَذِبْ
أَنَاابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبْ
میں ہوں اللہ کا بندہ اور اسکا پیغمبر ! میں بلاشبہ پیغمبر ہوں اور عبدالمطلب کا فرزند ہوں ۔
حضرت عباس رضی اللہ عنہ نے مسلمانوں کو آواز دی ، اے انصار کے گروہ ! اور اے وہ لوگو ! جنہوں نے اسلام پر جان دینے کی بیعت کی ہے ، آگے بڑھو ۔ ان اثر میں ڈوبی ہوئی آوازوں کا کانوں میں پڑنا تھا کہ اسلام کے جانباز پلٹ پڑے او اس جوش سے بڑھے کہ زرہیں اتار کر پھینک دیں اور گھوڑوں سے کود پڑے ۔ اب میدان کا رنگ بدل گیا ۔ کافروں کی فوج کائی کی طرح پھٹ گئی۔ اور ان کے لشکر میں بھگڈر مچ گئی۔
کافروں کی فوج کا کچھ حصہ بھاگ کر طائف میں جمع ہوا ۔ طائف میں ثقیف کا قبیلہ اپنے کو قریش کے برابر کا جانتا تھا ۔ ان کا قلعہ بھی بڑا مضبوط تھا
اور قلعے میں لڑائی کا سارا سامان بھی تھا ۔ انہوں نے قلعہ بند کر کے لڑائی شروع کی ۔ مسلمانوں نے قلعے پر بار بار حملے کیے لیکن قلع فتح نہی ہوا ۔ مسلمانوں کو اس قلعے کو یوں چھوڑ کر ہٹنا گوارا نہ تھا ۔ انہوں نے حضور ﷺسے ایک دن کی مہلت چاہی ۔ اجازت ملی تو دوسرے دن بڑے زور سے حملہ کیا مگر کامیابی اب بھی دور تھی ۔ مسلمانوں نے عرض کی ، اے اللہ کے رسول ﷺ ! ان کے حق میں بددعا کیجیے ۔ برکت والے لب ہلے تو یہ لفظ نکلے “اللہ!ثقیف کو ہدایت نصیب کر اور انکو اسلام کے آستانے پر لا” دعا کا یہ تیر نہ چوکا۔ دو سال بھی گزرنے نہی پائے تھے کہ ثقیف کے لوگوں نے خود مدینے میں آکر اسلام کا کلمہ پڑھا۔
حواله:
كتاب: “رحمتِ عَالم”
تاليف: “علاّ مه سيد سليمان ندوى”