15. HABSHA KI HIJRAT [Migration to Abyssinia ]
HABSHA KI HIJRAT
Aik shehr se dusre shehr ko chale jaane ko hijrat kahete hain. Parh chuke ho keh arab mulk samunder ke kinare hai aur hijaz jis samunder ke kinare hai iska naam Baher-e-ahmar hai. Baher-e-ahmar ke is kinare Afriqah mein habsh ka mulk hai. Wahan ka Esaee badeshah bohat naik tha. Muslamaanon ki takleefen jab barh gaeen tou nubuwwat ke panchve saal hazrat Rasool Allah(ﷺ ) ki ijazat se giyara mard aur chaar ortein kashti mein baithkar habsha ko rawana hogae.
Habsha ke badeshah ko najashi kahete hain. Najashi ne un musalmaanon ko apne yahan barhe aman wo aamaan mein rakha. Quraish ko jab uski khabr hui tou unho ne najashi ke paas apne do safeer bheje keh ye hamare mujrim hain unko hamare hawale kardijie. Badeshah ne musalmaanon ko bulakar haal pocha Hazrat Ali(رضی اللہ عنہ ) ke bhai Hazrat Ja’far(رضی اللہ عنہ ) ne musalmaanon ki tarf se ye taqreer ki:
“Ae badeshah! Ham jahil the, but poojhte the, murdaar khaate the, badkaari karte the, padosiyon ko satate the, bhai bhai par zulm karta tha, zor aawar kamzoron ko khaajata tha. Itne mein ham mein aik shakhs peda hua jiski buzrughi, sachai aur imaandaari se ham waqif the. Usne hamko sache deen ki dawat di aur bataya keh ham buton ko poojna chorden, sach bolen, zulm se baaz aaeen, yateemon ka maal na khaae, padosiyon ko araam den, paak daman orton par badkaari ka dagh na lagaeen, namaz parhen, Roze rakhen, khairat den, hamne us shakhs ki khuda ka paighambar maana aur uski baton par aml kiya- Is jurm par hamari qoum hamari jaan ki dushman hogae aur hamko majboor karti hai keh ham isko chorkar usi pehli gumraahi mein rahen.”.
Najashi ne kaha: tumhare paighambar par jo kalaam utra hai kahin se parho. Hazrat Ja’far(رضی اللہ عنہ ) ne Sura Maryam ki chand ayaten parhi, najashi par uska ye asr hua keh uski ankhon se ansu jaari hogae, phir kaha, khuda ki qasm! Ye kalam aur Enjeel dono aik hi chiragh ke partou hain- ye kahekar quraish ke admiyon se kaha keh tum wapis jaou, mein un mazloomon ko wapis na donga.
Musalmaanon ne jab najashi ki ye maherbaani dekhi tou ba’ad mein aur bhi bohat se musalmaan chupkar rawana hogae yahan tak keh unki ta’dad wahan kam o baish tarasi (83) hogae.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “RAHEMAT-E-ALAM”
BY ALLAMAH SAYYED SULEMAN NADWI(رحمه الله)
Migration to Abyssinia
The next step the Prophet t (ﷺ ) ook was aimed at preserving the Muslim community from increasing belligerance. He had heard much about the King of Abyssinia, who was known to be a just Christian ruler, one who would allow no persecution in his land. The Prophet (ﷺ ) directed the Muslim community to migrate to Abyssinia and to take shelter.
The first batch of Muslims migrated in the month of Rajab, five years after Muhammad (ﷺ ) had become a Prophet. Twelve men and four women made the journey across the red sea. Uthman bin Affan (رضی اللہ عنہ )was the leader of the group, accompanied by his wife, one of the Prophet’s (ﷺ ) daughters. Their voluntary exile marked the first instance of a family migrating for religious reasons since the time of Ibraheem( علیہ السلام) and Lut ( علیہ السلام) (Lot) (Peace be upon them both).
Late one night the small group of immigrants slipped out of Makkah and made their way to Sha’iba, a port south of Jeddah. Fortunately, two cargo ships were present there. The group boarded the ship and sailed to Abyssinia. There they found the refuge they needed until Allah made it safe for them to return to Makkah.
When the Quraysh found out that a group of Muslims had fled, they erupted in anger. They swiftly sent some men to bring them back to teach them such a lesson that they would recant their faith. However, the Quraysh reached the coast too late – the Muslims had already made their way out to sea. Tired and disappointed, the Quraysh returned to Makkah to begin plotting their next move.
Second migration to Abyssinia
Their prostration at the close of Surah Al-Najim had left the Quraysh looking weak. This loss of strength had to be countered with increased hostility, or people would think they had become convinced of the truth of Muhammad’s (ﷺ ) message. Therefore, they began to intensify their persectuiton of the Muslims. Furthermore, the Quraysh were growing jealous of the hospitality the King of Abyssinia had extended to the Muslim immigrants in his country. They resolved to match his kindness to the Muslims in hostility.
For reasons of safety, the Prophet(ﷺ ) decided to again have a group of Muslims migrate to Abyssinia. Eighty-two or eightythree men and eighteen women got themselves ready for the journey. This time, of course, it would not be easy for them to slip past the Quraysh, but they managed to flee Makkah without their enemies noticing.
Quraysh attempt to extradite Muslims
The Quraysh found it difficult to accept the fact that a large group of Muslims had managed to escape their campaign of terror. Safe in Abyssinia, the Muslims now enjoyed the experience of not facing any opposition to their faith and way of life. The Quraysh, nonetheless, had a plan. They sent two of their very shrewd envoys, Amr bin Al-Aas and Abdullah bin Rab’ia to Abyssinia to have the Muslims extradited back to Arabia.
According to the plan, two representatives of the Quraysh first met the Abyssinian bishops and bribed them in order to gain access to the King. When they succeeded in getting an audience with him, they presented him with gifts from Arabia. Then they stated their case: “O King! Some foolish men from our city have taken refuge in your majesty’s country. They have abandoned our religion, but rather than accepting your religion, they have invented one of their own. Their families, knowing of their delusions, have sent us to Your Majesty to bring them back home.”
When they had made their plea to the King, the Abyssinian bishops stood and urged him to grant their request. The King, however, was a very fair judge. He said that he would allow both parties to make their statements before making a decision. The Muslim refugees were summoned to the King’s court. Then the King questioned them why they had entered an unknown religion that had caused them to abandon their families and tribes. Ja’far bin Abu Talib, the Prophet’s(ﷺ ) cousin, rose on behalf of the Muslims and said: “O King! We are a nation steeped in ignorance. We worshipped idols, ate carrion and committed many abominations. We neglected our kin and mistreated our neighbours. The strong among us devoured the weak. We lived thus until Allah raised among us a messenger, of whose noble lineage, truthfulness, honesty and purity were all aware.
“He invited us to acknowledge the Oneness of God, to worship Allah, and to renounce the stones and idols we and our forefathers used to venerate. He enjoined upon us to speak the truth, to keep our word, and to be kind and considerate to our relatives and neighbours. He forbade us to shed blood, to act wantonly, to lie and to deceive others. He forbade us to encroach upon the property of orphans or to vilify chaste women.
“He commanded us to worship Allah alone without associating anything with Him. He ordered us to pray, to fast, and to pay the poor their due. We acknowledged he was Allah’s messenger(ﷺ ) and believed in him. We followed him in whatever he brought from Allah, and we worshipped only one God without associating anything with Him. We treated as unlawful what he forbade and embraced what he made lawful for us. At this, our people were estranged. They persecuted us, tried to seduce us from our faith and force us to return to idolatry, pressing us to return to the abominations we used to commit earlier. When they tortured us, ground us under their tyranny and stood between us and our religion, we fled to your country, choosing you above others for refuge. We have come here, O King, to your country seeking your protection. We hope that we shall not be dealt with unjustly.”
The King listened patiently to Ja’far. The he asked Ja’far if he could recite something that had been revealed to Muhammad (ﷺ ). Ja’far then recited the opening verses of Surah Maryam, named after Mary, the mother of Jesus. The King wept until tears flowed down to his beard, and the bishops were also overcome. “Truthfully, this and what Jesus brought are from the same divine light.”
Then turning to the envoys of the Quraysh, the King siad, “You may go. By God, I shall never give them to you, not will they be ill-treated.”
The two envoys from the Quraysh now changed their tactics. The next day they returned to the King’s court and made another attempt to convince the King to expel the Muslims from his country. Amr tried to incite the King against the Muslims. “O King! They assert a dreadful thing about Jesus which is too shameful to be repeated before you.”
The King again summoned the Muslims to his court and questioned them about their belief regarding jesus. Ja’far bin Abi Talib replied: “We say about him that which our Prophet (ﷺ ) has taught us. Jesus was a human being and Allah’s Prophet(ﷺ ). He was a spirit and a word cast unto the blessed virgin Maryam.”
The King took a straw from the ground and said: “By God, Jesus, the son of Mary, does not exceed what you have said by the length of this straw. Go and live in my territory in peace and security. Those who ill-treat you will be punished. I shall not give you any trouble even if I were offered a mountain of gold in exchange.”
The King then ordered that all the gifts brought by the envoys from the Quraysh be returned. Having failed miserably, the two envoys left for Arabia in great shame.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: WHEN THE MOON SPLIT FINAL.
Compiled by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri
Edited and Translated by Tabassum Siraj – Michael Richardson Badr Azimabadi
حبش کی ہجرت
ایک شہر سے دوسرے شہر چلے جانے کو ہجرت کہتے ہیں۔
پڑھ چکے ہو کہ عرب ملک سمندر کے کنارے ہے اور حجاز جس سمندر کے کنارے ہے اس کا نام بحراحمر ہے۔بحراحمر کے اس کنارے افریقہ میں حبش کا ملک ہے۔وہاں کا
عیسائی بادشاہ بہت نیک تھا۔مسلمانوں کی تکلیفیں جب بڑھ گئیں تو نبوت کے پانچویں سال حضرت رسول اللہ صلے اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کی اجازت سے گیارہ مرداور چار عورتیں کشتی میں بیٹھ کر حبش کو روانہ ہوگئے۔
حبش کے بادشاہ کو نجاشی کہتے ہیں۔نجاشی نے ان مسلمانوں کو اپنے ہاں بڑے امن وامان میں رکھا۔قریش کو جب اس کی خبر ہوئی تو انہوں نے نجاشی کے پاس اپنے دو سفیر بھیجے کہ یہ ہمارے مجرم ہیں ان کو ہمارے حوالے کر دیجئے۔بادشاہ نے مسلمانوں کو بلا کر حال پوچھا حضرت علی رضی اللہ عنہ کے بھائی حضرت جعفر رضی اللہ عنہ نے مسلمانوں کی طرف سے یہ تقریر کی:
“اے بادشاہ ‘!ہم جاہل تھے،بت پوجتے تھے،مردار کھاتے تھے،بدکاری کرتے
تھے،پڑوسیوں کو ستاتے تھے،بھائی بھائی پر ظلم کرتا تھا،زور آور کمزوروں کو کھا جاتا تھا۔اتنے میں ہم میں ایک شخص پیدا ہوا جس کی بزرگی،سچائی اور ایمانداری سے ہم واقف تھے۔ اس نے ہم کو سچے دین کی دعوت دی اور بتایا کہ ہم بتوں کو پوجنا چھوڑ دیں،سچ بولیں،ظلم سے باز آئیں، یتیموں کا مال نہ کھائیں، پڑوسیوں کو آرام دیں، پاک دامن عورتوں پر بدنامی کا داغ نہ لگائیں،نماز پڑھیں،روزے
رکھیں ،خیرات دیں،ہم نے اس شخص کو اللہ کا پیغمبر مانا اور اس کی باتوں پر عمل کیا۔اس جرم پر ہماری قوم ہماری جان کی دشمن ہوگئ اور ہم کو مجبور کرتی ہے کہ ہم اس کو چھوڑ کر اسی پہلی گمراہی میں رہیں۔”
نجاشی نے کہا:تمہارے پیغمبر پر جو کلام اترا ہے کہیں سے پڑھو۔ حضرت جعفر رضی اللہ عنہ نے سورہ مریم کی چند آیتیں پڑھیں۔ نجاشی پر ان کا یہ اثر ہوا کہ اس کی آنکھوں سے آنسو جاری ہو گئے۔پھر کہا،اللہ کی قسم! یہ کلام اور انجیل دونوں ایک ہی چراغ کے پر تو ہیں۔یہ کہہ کر قریش کے آدمیوں سے کہا کہ تم واپس جاؤ، میں ان مظلوموں کو واپس نہ دوں گا۔
مسلمانوں نے جب نجاشی کی یہ مہربانی دیکھی تو بعد کو اور بھی بہت سے مسلمان چھپ کر روانہ ہوگئے یہاں تک کہ ان کی تعداد وہاں کم وبیش تراسی(83) ہوگئ۔
حواله:
كتاب: “رحمتِ عَالم”
تاليف: “علاّ مه سيد سليمان ندوى”