21. BADAR KI LARAYI[BATTLE OF BADR]:

BADAR KI LARAYI

Badla lene ke liye aik barhi larhaee zaruri thi aur laraee ke liye sarmaya ki bhi zarurat tha- Makkah walon ne apna sarmaya dekar aik tijarati qafilah shaam ko bheja- phele Waqiyeh ke do dhae(2 1/2) mahenon ke ba’ad Ramazan 2 hijiri mein ye qafilah laut kar aaraha tha ke makkah walon ko khabar pohanchi keh musalmaan is par chaapa maarna chahate hain- Yeh khabar paatey hi qurasih ke barhe barhe sardar aik hazar sipaahiyon ko lekar makkah se nikle- Idhar Aap(ﷺ) ko iski khabar mili tou Aap bhi kuch musalmaanou ke sath medina se chal parhe- Qhafilah tou bach kar makkah pohanch chuka tha magar makkah walon ne kaha keh ham badar pohanchkar khushi manaenge aur nach rang aur sharab aur kabab ke jalse karinge- Badar aik gaou ka naam tha jahan saal ke saal yu bhi mela lagta tha.

      Medina se aik mil nikalkar Aap (ﷺ) ne parhou kiya- Bachon ko wapis kiya- Medina mein munafiqon aur yahudiyon ka dar tha- isliye Abu lababa (رضی اللہ عنہ) Sahabi ko medina ka hakim banakar medina lauta diya aur do admiyon ko aage bheja keh quraish ka pata lagaen- Jab badar ke qareeb pohanche tou khabar pohanchane waalon ne khabar di Quraish waadi ke dusre sirey tak agae hain- ye sunkar Aap(ﷺ ) yahin rukhgae.

      Raat bhar dono lashkar Aamne samne parhe rahe- Musalmaanon ne bhi kamar kholkar aaram kiya magar Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) raat bhar khare Namaz aur duaaon mein lage rahe- Subh hone ko ae tou musalmaanon ko Namaz ke liye awaaz di- Namaz ke ba’ad Jihaad par wa’az farmaaya- ye musalmaanon ka pahela lashkar tha aur kafiron se unki ye paheli larhae thi.

Aik naik dil quraishi ne chaha keh ye larhae taljae aur Ibn Hazarmi ka khoon baha uske warees ko dediya jae(Shara’i istelah mein “dait” yani qatl kiye jane wale ke khoon ki qeemat). utbah quraish ka sardar aur Hazarmi ka halaf uske liye tayar tha magar Abu Jahel ne is tajweez ko kamyab na hone diya.

Subh hui tou dono Faujen maidan mein aakar khari huen. Aik tarf ek hazar (1000) ka dil badal tha jo lohe mein gharq tha aur dusri tarf Teen sou tera (313) musalmaan the jinke paas pore hatiyaar bhi na the lekin haq ka zor unke bazoun mein tha aur Deen ka josh unke seenon mein umarh raha tha- Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) laraee ke maidaan se zara hatkar aik chapar ke saye mein Allah ke huzor sar jhukae fatah ki dua mang rahey the aur arz karrahe the keh Khudawand! Agar aj ye teri muthi bhar poojne waale mitgae tou phir zameen par teri paristish na hogi.

Larhaee is tarha shuru hui keh phele Ibn hazarmi ka bhai Aamir jisko apne bhai ke khoon ka dawah tha aage barha- aik ghulam muslamaan uske muqable ko nikla aur maragaya- iske ba’ad atibah jo quraish ke lashkar ka sardar tha  barhi shaan se nikla- iske sath Walid aur shaibah bhi aage barhe- idhar Musalmaanou ki tarf se bhi medina ke teen ansari muqable ko nikle- utba ne unka naam wo nasb pocha aur jab maloom hua keh ye medine wale hai tou pukara “Muhammad(ﷺ )! Yelog hamare jorh keh nahi. Aap(ﷺ ) ke farmaane se ye ansari sahabi hat ae aur abh Hamzah(رضی اللہ عنہ ) aur Ali(رضی اللہ عنہ ) aur Ubaidah(رضی اللہ عنہ ) maidaan mein ae.

     Utbah Hazrat Hamza (رضی اللہ عنہ ) se aur walid Ali (رضی اللہ عنہ ) se muqabil huay aur maare gae- lekin shaibah ne Hazrat Ubaidah(رضی اللہ عنہ ) ko zakhmi  kardiya- ye dekhkar Hazrat Ali(رضی اللہ عنہ ) aage barhe aur shaibah ka kaam tamam kardiya- Hazrat Zubair(رضی اللہ عنہ ) ne Sayed bin Al aas ka muqabla kiya aisi taan kar barchi maari keh wo dham se zameen par aaraha.

Ab Aam hamla shuru hogaya- Medina mein Abu jahel ki shararat aur muslamaanon se dushmaani ka charcha aam tha- Ansar ke do naou jawan iski taak mein nikle aur logon se pata pochkar baaz ki tarha uspar aise jhapte keh dam mein wo khaak aur khoon mein luthra parha tha- aik dusre musalmaan ne jaakar uska sar katliya.

       utbah aur Abu jahel ka maara jana tha keh quraish har kar bhagne lage aur muslamaanon ne unko pakarna shuru kiya- Quraish ke sattar (70) admi jo makkah ke barhe barhe raees the maare gae aur itne hi admi giraftaar hue aur musalmaanon me se sirf Chawda (14) bahaduron ne shahadat pae.

Allah ki Ajeeb qudrat hain keh teen saou tera (313) admiyon ne jo hatiyaaron se bhi pori tarha saje na the aik hazar(1000)!ki fauj ko haradiya- Yeh sach aur jhoot aur andheray aur ujaalay ki laraee thi- Sach ki jeet hui aur jhoot ki haar, andhera chaat gaya aur ujala chaa gaya.

QAIDI:  

 

Badar ke qaidiyon ke sath musalmaanon ne barha Accha bartou kiya – Musalmaan unko khana khilate aur khud khajoor khalete the- Jinke paas kapre nahi the unko kapre diye- Qaidiyon mein aik shakhs Suhail bin umro pakar kar aya tha – ye barha zor aawaar muqarar tha- Aam majmoo’ mein muslamaanon ke khilaf taqreerien karta aur logon ko ubharta tha- Baaz sahabiyon ne kaha : ya Rasool Allah iske dant ukharwa lijiye keh phir acchi tarha bol na sake- Aap(ﷺ ) ne is rayee ko pasand na kiya aur farmaaya: agar mein iske jism ka koi hessa bigaronga you Go Nabi hoon magar Allah iske badle mein mere jism ka bhi koi hessa bigarega- Ba’az pur josh Sahabi chahate the keh in qaidiyon ko qatl kardiya jae magar Aap(ﷺ ) ne unki baat bhi nahi maani aur ye tae kiya keh unme jo Ameer hai wo fidya dekar choot jae aur jo ghareeb ho lekin likhna parhna janta ho wo Dus(10) musalmaan bacho ko likhna parhna seekha den aur jo ye bhi nahi janta tha wo Allah ki raah mein azad kardiya gaya.

       Badar ki jeet ne musalmaanon ki qismat ka paansa palat diya- Ab wo sirf aik Deen aur aik illahi nizam ke daey na the balkeh aik uthti hui Siyasi Quwat the jinka maqsad na sirf Arab ki choti choti senkron Be-Nizam riyasaton ki jagah aik mazbot aur ba qaida hukumat khari karna balkeh Qaiser, kasra, ki zalimanah hukumaton ko mita kar duniya mein adl wo insaaf aur barabari aur masawaat ki saltanat qayem karna tha.

   Quraish ka barha zor tutgaya- makkah keh aksar raees maare gae – unki jagah ab ka raees Abu Sufyan bana- is fatha ne munafiqoun ke dil bhi dharka diye- Unko pata chalgaya keh ab tarazoo ka kaunsa palra bhari ho raha hai- Udhar yahud bhi hushiyaar hogae aur unko ye dar hone laga keh ab jaldi hi is naey taqat ka sar na kuchal diya gaya tou unka kahin theekana nahi.

BADAR KA INTEQAAM: 

 

Badar ki laraee tou aik Hazrami ke khoon ke liye khari ki gae thi- Ab quraish ko apne (70) maqtulon keh khoon keh badle ka khayal hua- Badar mein jo maare gae the unka matam horaha tha, marsiye Parhe jaate the- Saazishen ki jaati theen ke musalmaanou se iska badla kiun kar liya jae – Abu sufyan ne jo ab makkah ka raees tha, qasm khae thi keh jab tak wo musalmaanon se badla na lelega duniya ka luft na uthaega. Badar ke teen(3) mahenon ke ba’ad usne apni qasm is tarha pori ki ke do sou(200) sawariyon ko lekar medina ke ass paas gaya aur yahud sardaron se baat cheet ki- yahud ne isko medina par hamle ke bhaid batae- Sabh ko wapis hote hue aik musalmaan ko qatl kiya aur musalmaanon ke chand makanon aur ghaas ke dher me aag lagadi. Musalmaanon ko khabr hui tou dorre magar wo nikal chuka tha- Is waqiye ko Gazwa-e-soyeq (Satou waali laraee) kahete hain, kiun keh Abu sufyan ke saathiyon ka tousha is safar mein Soyeq yani satto tha, jisko wo ghabrahat mein phenkte gae the.

REFERENCE:

BOOK: “RAHEMAT-E-ALAM”

BY ALLAMAH SAYYED SULEMAN NADWI(رحمه الله)

The Battle of Badr 

The military raids undertaken by the Muslims were minor until this point. They had been more exploratory than anything else, but they had served to initiate Muslims into the conduct of warfare. It was the Battle of Badr, however, that was a milestone for Islam as the first decisive battle between the Muslims and the Quraysh. The Prophet ﷺ rode to Dhul Ashirah attempting to intercept a trade caravan from Makkah to Syria. The caravan, however, managed to flee to Syria. The Prophet ﷺ then dispatched two men to Hawraa in Syria to await the caravan’s return. When the scouts spotted the caravan approaching, they hurried back to Madinah to inform the Prophet ﷺ . Once the Prophet ﷺ heard that the caravan was returning, he mustered between 313 and 317 men, two horses and seventy camels. He then headed to Badr, about 155 km southwest of Madinah.

The Prophet ﷺ awarded the white standard to Mus’ab bin Umayr . The Muhajireen were given a separate standard which was carried by Ali ibn Talib, while the standard of the Ansar was borne by Sa’d bin Mu’adh .

Badr, ringed by high mountains, was accessible through three routes. One, called Al-Udwat Al-Qaswa, lay in the south; the second, called Al-Udwat Al-Duniya, approached from the north, and the third approached from the east and was used by the people of Madinah as the main thoroughfare to the settlement of Badr. There were some houses, wells and orchards in Badr, and for this reason Makkan caravans heading for Syria travelled along it and generally broke their journey there, staying anywhere from a few hours to a few days.

It would have been simple for the Prophet ﷺ and his men to seize the caravan by blocking all three escape routes. Success depended on the element of surprise, however, and the Muslims would have to appear only after the caravan pulled into Badr and seal off all three routes before the Quraysh could react. Accordingly, the Prophet ﷺ and his men left Madinah heading in the opposite direction from Badr. Once the Prophet ﷺ was at a safe distance away from Madinah, he changed routes and headed directly for Badr.

The caravan that the Muslims hoped to seize was headed by Abu Sufyan bin Harb. It consisted of forty men, one thousand camels and goods worth about fifty thousand dinars. Abu Sufyan was highly cautious, and he asked every person he met about the movements of the Muslims. He was at a great distance from Badr when he found out that a large band of Muslims had left Madinah. Acting quickly, they rounded up a squadron of 1,300 men to confront the Muslims and protect the caravan. All the notable chiefs of Makkah, except for Abu Lahab, joined the force, as well as every available man from each of the neighbouring tribes. Of the Makkan clans, only Banu Adiy refused to take part.

When the pagan army reached Juhfa, they received a message from Abu Sufyan informing them that the caravan was safe and that the army should return to Makkah. The men were preparing to return to Makkah, when Abu Jahl arrogantly refused to retreat. Only the men from Banu Zahra returned on the advice of their chief, Akhnas bin Shariq Thaqafi. The rest of the troops, now numbering one thousand, continued their journey. Upon reaching Udwa Qasmi, the Quraysh set up their camp in a spacious field, just behind the mountains that surrounded Badr.

The Prophet ﷺ learned that the Quraysh were approaching Badr, and he met with his men to discuss their options. Abu Bakr and Umar both gave their opinions, and Miqdad bin Amr voiced the prevailing sentiment: “O Prophet ﷺ, we will not say what the Children of Israel said to Musa: ‘You and your Lord go and fight, and we will sit here.’ (5: 24)

“We will fight along with you on your left and on your right, in front of you and behind you.”

Miqdad’s words gladdened the Prophet ﷺ with their sincerity; for he had worried the Ansar would fight in defence only if they were attacked in Madinah. After all, the Second Pledge of Aqabah did not call for the Ansar to fight alongside the Prophet ﷺ outside the city.

The Prophet ﷺ then asked the men if they all agreed. Sa’d bin Mu’adh , the chieftain of the Ansar said: “O Prophet ﷺ, I swear by the One Who has sent you with the Truth, that if you plunge into the sea, we will also plunge into the sea with you, and not a single man among us will lag behind. We will not hesitate if you dash against the enemies, for we are firm in war and bold in the fray. Lead us, and may Allah bless us and our mission!”

At this the Prophet ﷺ said: “I bring you glad tidings from Allah. He has promised me either booty from the caravan or victory on the battlefield. By Allah, there is a vision before me of a battlefield, and I see the exact places where each man will fall.”

Resolutely the Prophet ﷺ led his men onward to Badr, and they arrived there the same night as the Quraysh. The Muslims set up camp at Al-Udwat Al-Duniya, but Al-Hubab ibn Al-Mundhir advised the Prophet ﷺ that they should move ahead and encamp at the well nearest the enemy so that they could store the water in reservoirs. He also suggested that the rest of the wells be filled up so that the Quraysh would have no water. The Prophet ﷺ took Hubab’s brilliant advice and carried out his instructions. The Muslims then made a small enclosure of palm branches in which the Prophet ﷺ would stay while directing his men during the battle. A group of the Ansar youths were put under the command of Sa’d bin Mu’adh to act as lookouts.

After this, the Prophet ﷺ walked around Badr with his men, saying, “This is the spot where so and so will fall in battle tomorrow, God willing.” He passed the night in prayer at the foot of a tree while a gentle rain fell and lulled the men into a refreshing sleep. Allah recounts his favour to the believers in the following verse: “Remember how Allah enveloped you with drowsiness to make you feel safe. He caused rain to descend upon you from heaven so you could clean yourselves – rain that also removed Satan’s influence, strengthened your hearts, and made you stand firm in battle.” (8: 11)

The next morning (Friday, Ramadan 17, 2 A.H.) the two armies came face to face. “O Allah! Here come the Quraysh in their vanity and arrogance,” the Prophet ﷺ supplicated. “They deny You and call Your Prophet ﷺ a liar. O Allah! Fulfil Your promise to me! Help us, Allah!”

The Prophet ﷺ assembled his men and told them not to begin fighting until he ordered them to do so. “Use arrows only when they come close, and don’t draw your swords unless they are very near.” Abu Bakr then escorted the Prophet ﷺ to the small enclosure where the Prophet ﷺ began to pray to his Lord: “O Allah! If this group is destroyed today, You will not be worshipped for ever. O Allah! If it is Your consent that after this day You will not be worshipped for ever.” Abu Jahl also prayed: “O God, destroy today the party that seeks to break filial ties and believes in wrong-doing. O Allah! Help the party today which is much loved by you.”

Challenge to single combat

 

The Quraysh’s three best horsemen, Utbah bin Rabi’a, Shayba bin Rabi’a, and Waleed bin Utbah, stepped forward and challenged the Muslims to a single combat. In response, three members of the Ansar came forward, but the challengers were thirsty for the blood of the Makkan exiles and said, “We want our cousins.” The Ansar withdrew, and Ubaydah bin Harith, Hamzah and Ali came forward. Hamzah faced Shayba, Ali stood before Waleed, and Ubaydah accepted Utbah’s challenge. Hamzah and Ali both killed their opponents with ease, but Ubaydah and Utbah had wounded one another, and neither had the upper hand. Ali and Hamzah ran to Ubaydah’s aid and killed his opponent, and then brought Ubaydah, who had lost his leg, back to their ranks. Later he died of this injury at Safra’a on the way back to Madinah.

The Battle of Badr begins:

 

The Quraysh smarted at having lost three men before the battle had even begun. They charged the Muslims, who, encouraged by their early success, faced the onslaught without flinching. Proclaiming Allah’s Oneness, the Muslims cried out: “Ahad! Ahad!” [One! One!].

The Prophet , who was given an insight into the supernatural allies sent to him, turned to Abu Bakr and said, “Rejoice, O Abu Bakr, Allah’s help has come. This is Jibreel, moving ahead with his horse’s bridle in his hand. His garments are besmeared with dirt and dust.” Allah’s help came in the form of one thousand angels.

The Prophet then marched forward toward the fray, and at that moment the following verse was revealed: “Soon will their multitude be put to flight, and they will show their backs.” (54: 45)

The Prophet took a handful of dust and threw it at the Quraysh saying, “Let their faces be disfigured.” The dust flew into the eyes and noses of the Quraysh, as mentioned in the following verse: “It was not you who threw, but Allah.” (8: 17)

The Prophet ordered his men to attack, crying out, “Rise!” The Muslims, outnumbered three to one, were inspired when they saw that the Prophet himself was present among them and ready to fight. Supported by the invisible army of angels, the Muslims swarmed over the Quraysh. The Quraysh fell one after the other, and soon they retreated in disarray. The Muslims followed in pursuit, slaying some and capturing others.

Satan, who was also present in the guise of Suraqa bin Malik bin Ju’shum, saw the army of angels, and escaped by plunging into the Red Sea.

Abu Jahl killed

 

As befitting a general, Abu Jahl was well-protected during the battle by men carrying swords and spears. He was so well guarded no Muslim could even get near him. A young boy told Abdul Rahman bin Auf, “Show me Abu Jahl.” Abdul Rahman replied, “What have you to do with him?” “I have been told that he vilifies the Prophet . By the One Whose hand my life lies, I shall kill him when I see him, or I shall be killed by him!”

Another young boy told Abul Rahman the same thing. Suddenly, Abdul Rahman spotted Abu Jahl on the battlefield and pointed him out to the two young boys. They attacked him fiercely with their swords and Abu Jahl fell to the earth. After the battle, they both presented themselves before the Prophet , each having claimed to have killed Abu Jahl. He looked at their swords and proclaimed, “Both of you have killed him.”

The young boys were Mu’adh ibn Afra and Mu’adh ibn Amr. The first is said to have been martyred in the same battle, but Mu’adh ibn Amr remained alive till the Caliphate of Uthman . The Prophet gave him Abu Jahl’s belongings.

Abdullah bin Mas’ood, who found Abu Jahl dying on the battlefield, placed his leg on his old enemies neck and caught hold of his beard to behead him. “Hasn’t Allah disgraced you, O enemy of Allah?”

“Allah is the Greatest! All praise is due to Allah,” the Prophet cried. “He has proven His promise to be true, helped His servants, and defeated the opposing army.” Gazing at Abu Jahl’s head before him, the Prophet said, “He was the Pharaoh of his nation.”

Day of Distinction

 

 With Abu Jahl’s death the Quraysh were humbled. They scattered, defeated by an army of men and angels, and thus ended the Battle of Badr. It was fought not for territory, riches, or honour, but to make belief in Allah victorious over unbelief. The Muslims fought against their father’s, uncles, sons, brothers, cousins and friends. Umar killed his maternal uncle, Asi bin Hisham, while Abu Bakr faced his son, Abdul Rahman, and the Prophet’s uncle Abbas was captured. Utbah bin Rabi’a, who was one of the first to challenge the Muslims in a preliminary duel, fought against his son, Abu Hudhayfah, one of the Prophet’s closest Companions. Blood ties were severed so that belief would prevail over disbelief. The day came to be called “Yaum Al-Fuqan” (the day of distinction), because on this day the battle lines were drawn not according to tribe, but according to belief in Allah.

Fourteen Muslims were honoured with martyrdom during the Battle of Badr (Six Muhajireen and eight Ansar). They were buried at Badr, and their grave sites are still known today.

On the pagan side, seventy men were slain and an equal number were taken captive. Most of the dead were tribal notables and chieftains. In fact, the bodies of twenty-four pagan chieftains were thrown into a foul-smelling well.

The Prophet and his men stayed in Badr for three days. When he was about to begin his journey back to Madinah, he stood over the well and called out to each chieftain by name: “O son of so and so! Do you wish you had obeyed Allah and His Messenger? I have found that what my Lord promised me is true. Did you find your Lord’s promise true?”

“O Prophet ,” Umar asked, “How can you talk to bodies which have no soul?” “They hear me just as you do, but they cannot answer,” the Prophet explained.

The captives:

 

 After reaching Madinah, the Prophet(ﷺ) held consultations regarding the prisoners of war. Abu Bakr said that they should let the Quraysh buy their freedom, while Umar was in favour of executing all of them. The Prophet(ﷺ) decided to set them free in return for ransom, which ranged from one thousand to four thousand dinars. Those who could not pay and were literate were required to teach ten Muslim children each by way of ransoms. Those unable to do either were set free anyway.

A poignant sidelight of this battle was the capture and subsequent ransom of Abdul Aas, the Prophet’s(ﷺ) son-in-law. Zaynab , the Prophet’s (ﷺ) daughter, who was the wife of Abdul Aas, was still in Makkah and she sent a necklace to ransom her husband. The Prophet(ﷺ) recognised the necklace. He himself had given this to his daughter as a wedding gift. His eyes filled with tears, and he sought the consent of his Companions to fee Abdul

Aas without ransom. The Companions agreed, and Abdul Aas was freed on the condition that he would let Zaynab migrate to Madinah. After he returned to Makkah, Zaynab was allowed to join her father in Madinah.

Events after Badr 

 

The victory Allah granted the Muslims at Badr deeply grieved the pagans. Revenge was uppermost on their minds, and to this end they devised plans to inflict heavy losses on the Muslims. As events show us, Allah, however, turned the tables on the Quraysh and blessed the Muslims with further triumphs and even more prestige.

Just one week after the return from Badr, or after two and a half or three months according to some sources, Banu Sulaym began conscripting an army to invade Madinah. In a pre-emptive strike, the Muslims raided their base and came back with booty.

Then Umayr bin Wahab Jumahi and Safwaan bin Umayya decided to assassinate the Prophet(ﷺ) .

Umayr stole into Madinah, hoping to carry out his mission, but was apprehended as soon as he entered Madinah. Allah had revealed Umayr’s motives to the Prophet(ﷺ) , who in turn disclosed Umayr’s plan to him. Umayr repented and became Muslim.

Expedition of Saweeq 

 

Meanwhile, Abu Sufyan was still smarting over the defeat at Badr. He thirsted for another military encounter, one which he felt sure would go their way, and swore he would not bathe until he had fought with Muhammad again. With an army of two hundred men, he came to Madinah, seeking to acquit himself of his oath. Intent on spreading destruction, they raided a settlement named Arid, hacked and burned a number of precious date trees, and got away after killing two of the Ansar.

When the Prophet(ﷺ) received news of the raiders, he and his followers went out in pursuit. Abu Sufyan and his men succeeded in eluding the Prophet(ﷺ) , who pursued them until Karkarat AlKadr. In trying to get away swiftly, the Quraysh were forced to get rid of most of their valuable provisions, especially the corn meal, or saweeq, from which the expedition got its name.

REFERENCE:

BOOK: WHEN THE MOON SPLIT FINAL.

Compiled by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri

Edited and Translated by Tabassum Siraj – Michael Richardson Badr Azimabadi