04. Maqaam-e-Ibrahim aur us ki fazeelat
✿ Maqaam-e-Ibrahim aur us ki fazeelat
Maqaam-e-Iibrahim se muraad woh pathar hai jis par Syedna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ta’ameer-e-Ka’aba ke waqt khaday hotay thay. Chunkay un ka yeh kaam Allah Ta’ala ko intihaai pasand aaya is liye Allah Ta’ala ne un ke paaon ke nishaanaat pathar par qaaim kar diye taake yeh un ki momin nasal aur doosron ke liye yaadgaar banay rahein. Saeed bin Jubayr (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne farmaaya:
“Maqaam-e-Ibrahim pathar ko Allah Ta’ala ne apni rehmat se naram farma diya tha, Syedna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) is par khaday hotay aur Syedna Isma’il (علیہ السلام) Aap ko pathar pakdaate thay.” 1⃣
[Masheer Al-Gharaam, S: 312]
Syedna Anas (رضی اللہ عنہ) se manqool hai keh Syedna ‘Umar bin Khattab (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne farmaaya:
“Main ne teen baaton mein Rab Ta’ala ki wahi ke mutaabiq tajweez paish ki, main ne guzaarish ki: Allah ke Rasool! kya hi achha hota agar hum maqaam-e-Ibrahim ke paas (tawaaf ke ba’ad ) Namaaz padha karein to yeh Aayat utri:
وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَهِمَ مُصَلَّى
“Tum maqaam-e-Ibrahim ko (mustaqil) jaaye Namaaz bana lo.” 2⃣
[Sahih Bukhari, Hadees: 402]
Imam Tabari ne apni Tafseer mein Hazrat Qataadeh se naqal farmaaya hai:
“Musalmaanon ko maqaam-e-Ibrahim ke paas Namaaz padhnay ka hukum diya gaya hai, chonay ka hukum nahi diya gaya. Bohat se logon ne aap ki edii aur ungliyon ke nishaanaat us pathar par dekhe. Magar logon ke haath malnay ki wajah se woh nishaanaat khatam ho gaye aur mit gaye.”
Maqaam-e-Ibrahim, Baytullah ki deewar ke saath hi qaaim tha. Syedna ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne usay wahaan se hata kar us jagah mein rakh diya jahaan woh aaj kal hai. Imam ‘Abdul Razzaq ne yeh baat apni musannaf mein sahih sanad ke saath ‘Ata’ Mujahid aur dusray Taaba’iyin ke hawaalay se bayaan farmaai hai. Imam Behiqi ne bhi qawwi sanad ke saath Hazrat ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) se yahi baat naqal farmaai hai keha:
“Maqaam-e-Ibrahim Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) aur Abu Bakar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ke daur mein Baytullah se bilkul muttasil tha, ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne usay peechhay hata diya.”
Chunkay Sahaaba Karaam (رضی اللہ عنہم) aur Taaba’iyin ne ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ke is kaam par tanqeed nahi ki, lihaaza yeh ijm’aai baat ban gai. Hazrat ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ka khayaal tha keh is jaga ruke rehne se yeh tawaaf karne waalon aur Namaaziyon ke liye rukaawat banta hai is liye unhon aisi jagah rakhwa dia jahaan kisi ko tangi na rahay aur un ke liye yeh kaam jaaiz bhi tha kyunke unhi ne to is ke paas Namaaz padhnay ka mashwara dia tha. 1⃣
[Fatah Al Baari Sharah Hadees: 4483]
✿ Hijr (Hateem)
Bohat si Ahaadees se saaf ma’loom hota hai keh hijr (Hateem) Bayet Ullah ka hissa hai aur yeh tawaaf ke is hukum ke tehat daakhil hai:
وَلۡيَطَّوَّفُوۡا بِالۡبَيۡتِ الۡعَتِيۡقِ ۞
“Aur logon ko chaahiye keh is qadeem ghar ka tawaaf karein.”1⃣
[Surat Al-Hajj: 29]
Lihaaza is ka tawaaf bhi zaroori hai. Agar koi shakhs is ko tawaaf mein shaamil na kare to us ka tawaaf sahih nahi hoga. Hijr woh jagah hai jahaan Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ne apni zoja mohtarma Hajira (علیہا السلام) aur apne betay Isma’il (علیہ السلام) ko Makkah mein chodtay waqt thehraaya tha aur Hajira (علیہا السلام) se kaha tha keh yahaan aik chhappar sa bana le. Jab Quraish ne Ka’aba ki ta’ameer ki to ta’ameer ke liye mukhtas raqam kam padne ki wajah se unhon ne Ka’aba ka kuch hissa hijr mein daakhil kar diya. Phir jab Hazrat ‘Abdullah bin Zubair (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne Makkah Mukarramah mein Iqtidaar haasil kiya aur Ka’aba ki ta’ameer-e-nau ki to unhon ne is hissay ko dubaarah Ka’aba mein daakhil kar diya. Lekin Ibn Zubair ki Shahaadat ke ba’ad Hajjaj ne phir woh hissa hijr mein daakhil kar diya aur Qurashi bunyaad hi par deewar ta’ameer kar di aur ab tak Ka’aba usi tarah hai. Lihaaza hijr ka kuch hissa to Baytullah ka hissa hai aur kuch hissa Baytullah ka juzo nahi.
Sayeda ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) ki Hadees is ki waazeh daleel hai. Hadees ke alfaaz yeh hain:
“Agar teri qaum ke log abhi naye naye Islaam na laaye hotay to Main Ka’aba ko girakar is ka darwaaza zameen ke baraabar bana deta aur darwaazay bhi do banaata aik mashriqi aur dusra maghribi jaanib. Aur hijr se chhay haath jagah Ka’aba mein daakhil kar deta kyunkay Quraish ne ta’ameer-e-Ka’aba ke waqt itni jagah nikaal di thi.” 1⃣
[Musnad Ahmad: 189/2]
Ibn ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) farmaatay hain:
“Agar Hazrat ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) ne yeh alfaaz Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ki zubaan mubaarak se sunay hain (aur zaahir hai un ke samaa’ mein koi shak nahi) to mera khayaal hai is wajah se Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne hijr ki jaanib waalay Ka’aba ke do konon ko (douraan-e-tawaaf) haath nahi lagaaya keh woh sahih bunyaad-e-Ibrahim par ta’ameer nahi hue.” 2⃣
[Sahih Bukhari, Hadees: 1583]
Tanbeeh:
Bohat se ‘Ullama ne bayaan farmaaya hai keh Isma’il (علیہ السلام) apni waalida mohtarma ki qabar ke paas hijr hi mein madfoon hain. Lekin is ke baaray mein manqool Ahaadees sab ki sab za’eef hain, un mein se koi bhi sahih nahi. Neez Quraish ki ta’ameer-e-Ka’aba ke waqt bohat se Sahaaba (رضی اللہ عنہم) mojood thay. Un mein se kisi ne yeh bayaan nahi farmaaya keh Ka’aba ki bunyaad khodte waqt kisi qabar ke aasaar nazar aaye thay, agar aisa hota to hamein wahaan chalne phirne ki ijaazat na hoti kyunkay Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne qabron par chalne aur bethnay se mana’ farmaaya hai. Bohat si Ahaadees mein mazkoor hai keh jo shakhs hijr mein daakhil hua youn samjhoo woh Baytullah mein daakhil hua. Sayeda ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) ne farmaaya:
“Meri khuwaahish thi keh main Baytullah mein daakhil ho kar Namaaz padhoon. Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne mera haath pakad kar mujhe hijr mein daakhil farma diya aur farmaaya: Baytullah mein daakhil honay ka iraadah ho to yahin Namaaz padh lo kyunkay yeh bhi to Baytullah ka hissa hai lekin teri qaum (Quraysh) ne ta’ameer ke waqt ‘imaarat chhoti kar di thi.” 1⃣
[Sunan Nisaai, Hadees: 2915]
Sayeda ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) ki aik aur riwaayat mein hai keh main ne guzaarish ki:
Allah ke Rasool! main bhi Ka’aba mein daakhil hona chaahti hoon. Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:
ادْخلی الْحجْر فإنه من البیْت
“Hijr mein daakhil ho jaao, yeh Baytullah he ka hissa hai.” 2⃣
[Sunan Nisaai, Hadees: 2914]
Ibn ‘Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہ) se sahih qaul marwi hai, unhon ne farmaaya:
Naik logon ki Namaaz waali jagah mein Namaaz padho aur naik logon ka mashroob piyo.
Un se poochha gaya:
Naik logon ki Namaaz ki jagah se kya muraad hai?
Farmaaya:
Ka’aba ke parnaale ke neechay.
Poochha gaya:
Naikon ka mashroob kya hai?
Farmaaya:
Zam zam ka paani. 1⃣
[Akhbaar-e-Makkah, ‘Allama Azraqi: 332/1]
To mazkoorah dalaail, hijr mein Namaaz ada karne ki fazeelat par dalaalat karte hain, albatta Hazrat ‘Ata (رحمہ اللہ) ki yeh riwaayat, keh “jo shakhs Mizaab-e-Ka’aba ke neechay du’a kare ga, zaroor qubool hogi aur woh gunaahon se is tarah paak saaf ho jaaye ga jaisay usay abhi maa ne jana ho.” 2⃣ Za’eef hai, qaabil-e-istadlaal nahi kyunkay aisi baat umoor-e-ghaibiya se ta’lluq rakhti hai. Aisay umoor mein Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ya kisi Sahaabi ka hawaala zaroori hai jabkay aisi koi sanad zikar nahi ki gai.
[2. Masheer Al Gharaam, Ibn Jawzi, S: 269 Imam Ibn Jawzi ne is ki nisbat ‘Allama Azraqi ki taraf ki hai aur bataaya hai keh is mein ‘Usmaan bin Saaj par kalaam hai]
✿ Hijr-e-Aswad ki fazeelat
Bohat si Ahaadees se hijr-e-Aswad ki fazeelat saabit hoti hai. Neez is baat ki taraf bhi rughbat dilaai gai hai keh douraan-e-tawaaf usay bosa diya jaaye ya haath lagaaya jaaye. Hijr-e-Aswad ki fazeelat ke liye yeh baat kaafi hai keh Nabi kareem (ﷺ) ka dast-e-mubaarak aur mubaarak hont is par lage hain. Sahihayn mein mazkoor hai keh ‘Umar bin Khitaab (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne hijr-e-Aswad ko bosa diya aur farmaaya:
إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ حَجَرٌ لَا تَضُرُّ وَلَا تَنْفَعُ وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقَبلُكَ مَا قَتَلْتُكَ
“Mujhe yaqeen hai keh tu aik pathar hai jo nuqsaan day sakta hai na naffa’. Aur agar main ne Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ko tujhe bosa dete na dekha hota to kabhi tujhe bosa na deta.” 1⃣
[Sahih Bukhari, Hadees: 1597, Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1270]
Hazrat Ibn ‘Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہ) se riwaayat hai keh Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:
نَزَّلَ الْحَجَرُ الْأَسْوَدُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَهُوَ أَشَدَّ بَيَا ضًا مِنَ اللَّيْنِ فَسَوَّدَتْهُ خَطَايَا بَنِي آدَمَ
“Hijr-e-Aswad jannat se jab naazil hua tha to doodh se ziyaada safaid tha lekin bani aadam ki khataaon ne isay siyaah kar diya.” 2⃣
[Jaame’ Tirmizi, Hadees: 877]
Ibn ‘Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہ) hi se yeh riwaayat bhi hai keh Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:
وَاللَّهِ لَيَبْعَثَنَّهُ اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَهُ عَيْنَانِ يُبْصِرُ بِهِمَا وَلِسَانَ يَنطِقُ به يَشْهَدُ عَلَى مَنِ اسْتَلَمَهُ بِحَقِّ
“Allah ki qasam! Allah qayaamat ke din hijr-e-Aswad ko is haal mein laaye ga keh us ki do ankhein hon gi jin se dekhe ga aur zubaan ho gi jis se baatein kare ga. Jis shakhs ne duniya mein usay Imaan ki haalat mein bosa diya hoga ya haath lagaaya hoga yeh us ke haq mein gawaahi de ga.” 1⃣
[Jaame’ Tirmizi, Hadees: 961]
‘Abdullah bin ‘Umro bin ‘Aas (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne apne kaanon par haath rakh kar teen dafa’a farmaaya:
Main Allah ki qasam khaata hon keh main ne Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ko farmaatay suna hai:
إِنَّ الْحَجَرَ وَالْمَقَامَ يَا قُوتَتَانِ مِنْ يَا قُوتِ الْجَنَّةِ طَمَسَ اللَّهُ نُورَهُمَا لَوْلَا ذُلِكَ لَأَضَاءَ تَا مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَوْ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ
“Hijr-e-Aswad aur maqaam-e-Ibrahim jannat ke do chamakdaar pathar thay lekin Allah Ta’ala ne un ka noor khatam kar diya. Agar Allah Ta’ala un ka noor khatam na farmaata to yeh zameen wa aasmaan ke darmiyaan mashriq wa maghrib ke darmiyaan poori duniya ko roshan kar dete.” 1⃣
Syedna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ne Ka’aba bana lia magar aik pathar ki jagah baaqi thi. Isma’il (علیہ السلام) koi pathar talaash karne lage to Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ne farmaaya:
“Jaisa pathar main tujhe bataata hoon us qisam ka pathar laana.”
Isma’il (علیہ السلام) pathar talaash karne chale gaye. Jab le kar aaye to dekha keh Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) ne is jagah aik pathar nasb kar diya hai. Poochha:
“Abba jaan! yeh pathar kon laaya? ” farmaaya :
“Yeh pathar woh shakhs laaya jo teri ta’ameer ka mohtaaj nahi, isay Jibreel (علیہ السلام) aasmaan se le kar aaye hain.” 2⃣
Syedna ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne hijr-e-Aswad ko chhuwa phir apne haath ko bosa diya aur farmaaya:
مَا تَرَكْتُهُ مُنْذُ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْعَلُهُ
“Jab se main ne Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ko isay bosa dete hue dekha hai, us waqt se main ne isay bosa dena nahi chhoda.” 3⃣
- Masnad Ahmad:214/2, Sahih Ibn Khuzaima, Hadees: 2731.
- Aik taweel Hadees ka hissa hai lekin is ka hukum marfoo’ Hadees ka hoga ba wujood-yekah yeh Syedna ‘Ali (رضی اللہ عنہ) se mauqufann saabit hai. Mulaahiza kijiye: Tafseer Ibn Kaseer: 258/1 aur Tafseer Tabari, Surat Baqrah: 127.
- Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1268.
REFERENCE: Muratib Karda : Shoba Tahqeeq-o-Taleef Darussalam.
Nazar-e-Saani: Moulana Safir ur Rahman Mubarak puri.