08. Masjid-e-Haraam ki ta’ameer ke mukhtalif adwaa
✿ Masjid-e-Haraam ki ta’ameer ke mukhtalif adwaar
✿ Khulafa Rashideen aur un ke ba’ad ka daur:
Pehlay pehal Masjid-e-Haraam chhoti thi. Is ke ird gird deewar bhi na thi balkay gharon ne Masjid-e-Haraam ko ghair rakha tha. Gharon mein Masjid ki taraf darwaazay khultay thay log idhar udhar se aatay jaatay rehtay thay. Is tarah Namaaziyon ko diqat hoti thi. ‘Umar bin Khitaab (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne bohat se ghar khareed kar gira diye aur jin logon ne apne ghar farokht karne se inkaar kiya un ke ghar gira kar gharon ki qeemat bayt al mal mein rakh di. Aakhir kaar unhon ne yeh qeemat le li. Phir Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne Masjid ke ird gird chaar deewaari ta’amer kar di jo ziyaada ounchi na thi. Syedna ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne logon se farmaaya:
“Ka’aba pehlay se bana hua tha tum ba’ad mein rehne lage ho lihaaza khaali jagah Ka’aba ka sehan hai na keh tumhaara”
Yeh 17 h ki baat hai keh jab ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ‘omrah karne tashreef laaye thay aur Makkah Mukarramah mein bees din thehre the.
Syedna ‘Usmaan bin ‘Affan (رضی اللہ عنہ) ke daur mein log ziyaada ho gaye to unhon ne Masjid ki mazeed tosee’ farmaai. Kuch logon se ghar khareed liye, jinhon ne baichne se inkaar kiya un ke ghar zabardasti gira diye. Logon ne shor wa ghul machaaya to aap ne unhein bulaa kar farmaaya:
“Meri narmi aur tahammul ne tum ko jurrat dila di hai warna Syedna ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne bhi yehi kuch kiya tha us waqt to koi nahi bola tha. Main ne to un ka tareeqa hi ikhtiyaar kiya hai, jis par tum cheekhne chilaane lage ho.”
phir aap ne un ko qaid karne ka hukum diya magar ‘Abdullah bin Khalid bin Asayed ki sifaarish par unhein chhod diya. ‘Usmaan (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne yeh tosee’ 26 H mein farmaai. 1⃣
[Mulaahiza ho: Akhbar-e-Makkah, Azraqi, tarikh e tabari aur Al Kaamil, Ibn Aseer]
✿ Syed na ‘Abdullah bin Zubair (رضی اللہ عنہ) ki tosee’:
Sayedna ‘Abdullah bin Zubair (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne Masjid ki mashriqi jaanib se tosee’ ki aur yeh baalaai hissa tha jo Masjid ki Shami aur Yameni jaanib waaqe’ tha. Is tosee’ mein kitaab “Akhbaar-e-Makkah” ke musannif ‘Allama Azraqi ke jadd-e-amjad Azraq ka nisf ghar bhi shaamil ho gaya tha jo ‘Abdullah bin Zubair (رضی اللہ عنہ) ne un se das hazaar dinar se zaaid raqam ke ‘iwaz khareeda tha.
✿ Abu Jafar Mansur ki tosee’:
Banu ‘Abbas ke dusray Khalifa Abu Jafar Mansur ne Masjid ki Shami aur maghribi jaanib tosee’ ki. Is tosee’ ki ibtida muharram al haram 137 h mein hui aur dhu al hijjah 140 h mein is ki takmeel hui. Abu Jafar Mansur ki tosee’ Masjid-e-Haraam ke pehlay raqba se nisf par mushtamil thi. 1⃣ Goya is tarah Masjid ka raqba pehlay se daidh guna ho gaya.
[Shifa Al-Gharaam, Faasi: 426/1]
✿ Mahdi ki tosee’:
Phir Abu Jafar Mansur ke betay ne Masjid ki balaai, Yamani aur maghribi jaanib apne waalid ki tosee’ se aagay mazeed tosee’ ki. Mehdi ki tosee’ do martaba hui. Pehli martaba 16 h mein jab us ne apne waalid ki tosee’ se aagay do baraamde mazeed ta’ameer kiye.
Aur doosri martaba 167 h mein. Is tosee’ ka hukum us ne us waqt diya tha jab woh 164 h mein apna dusra Hajj karne aaya tha. Lekin is tosee’ ki takmeel us ke betay Musa Hadi ke daur-e-khilaafat mein hui kyunkay maut ne Mahdi ko ziyaada mohlat na di.
Mahdi ne Masjid-e-Haraam ki tosee’ wa ta’ameer mein bohat ziyaada maal kharch kiya. Kyunkay Masjid ke andar daakhil ki jaane waali aik haath murabba’ zameen ki qeemat 25 dinaar padi aur waadi mein daakhil ki jaane wali aik haath murabba’ zameen ki qeemat 15 dinaar padi jab keh sang-e- marmar ke sutoon Shaam aur ba’az deegar mumaalik se Jaddah ki bandargaah tak puhanche jinhein ba’ad azaan chakdon par Makkah Mukarramah tak laaya gaya. Is ki tosee’ ko un umoor mein shumaar kiya jaata hai jin par be intahaa akhraajaat hoye. 1⃣
[Shifa Al-Gharaam: 427/1]
✿ Dar al-Nadwa ki tosee’:
Is ke ba’ad Dar al-Nadwa mein tosee’ hui. Is ke muntazim ne khalifa Mut’azid ‘Abbasi ke wazeer ‘Ubaid Ullah bin Sulaiman bin Wahab ko rughbat dilaai keh “baaqi maandah dar al-Nadwa ko Masjid mein shaamil kiya jaaye, is se naik naami haasil hogi kyunkay Mahdi ke ba’ad kisi khalifa ne Masjid-e-Haraam mein koi kaam nahi karaaya.”
Muntazim ne Makkah Mukarramah ke qadi Muhammad bin Ahmad Muqdami aur Makkah Mukarramah ke Ameer ‘Ajj bin Haaj jo keh Mut’azid ka aazaad kardah ghulaam tha se bhi darkhuwaast ki keh woh bhi dar al-Nadwa ke baaray mein aisi hi tajweez khalifa ke saamnay paish karein. Unhon ne bhi yeh tajweez likh bhaiji. Jab yeh teenon darkhuwaastein Mut’azid ko paish ki gaeen to us ne hukum diya keh dar al-Nadwa ko Masjid ki shakal day kar badi Masjid ke saath mila diya jaaye. Is maqsad ke liye is ne bohat badi raqam mukhtas ki. dar al-Nadwa (ki puraani ‘imaarat) gira kar sara malba nikaal diya gaya, phir asal bunyaad par Masjid bana di gai. Jis mein sutoon, mahraab aur baraamde banaaye gaye. Jin ki chhat lakdi ki daali gai. Aur is par sonay ki polish aur kasheeda kaari ki gai. Phir badi Masjid ki deewar mein is ki taraf baara darwazay banaaye gaye. Un ke ‘ilaawa is ‘imaarat mein teen darwaazay aur rakhay gaye jo ird gird ki sadkon mein khultay thay. Minaar bhi ta’ameer kiya gaya. Chat par kungron waala jangla bana diya gaya. Is saaray kaam mein teen saal ka ‘arsa lag gaya aur yeh taqreeban 284 h mein takmeel pazeer hua. 1⃣
[Shifa Al-Gharaam: 430/1]
✿ Baab-e-Ibrahim ka izaafah:
‘Abbasi khalifa Muqtadir Billah ke daur mein 306 h mein Baab-e-Ibrahim ka izaafah hua. Yeh darwaaza Masjid ki gharbi jaanib tha. Yeh darasal aik khula sehan tha jo “Baab ul Khayyaateen” aur “Baab Bani Jamh” ke darmiyaan waaqe’ tha. Isay Masjid-e-Haraam mein shaamil kar diya gaya aur donon darwaazon ki jagah aik bada darwaaza bana diya gaya jisay Baab-e-Ibrahim kaha jaane laga. 2⃣
[Is se muraad Syedna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) nahi hain balkay is darwaazay ke saamnay is naam ka aik darzi betha karta tha. Us ke naam se yeh darwaaza mashhoor ho gaya. Minaah Al-Karam: 186/2]
‘Abbasi Khulafa ne is ke ba’ad Masjid-e-Haraam ki ta’ameer wa tosee’ ka koi kaam nahi kiya, albatta murammat wa islaah ka kaam Sultan Saleem ke daur 979 h tak jaari raha.
✿ Sultan Saleem ki ta’ameer:
Misar ke Badshah Barquq ke daur 802 h mein Masjid-e-Haram mein aag lag gai. Sultan Barquq ne ‘imaarat dubaarah ta’ameer kar ke is par pehlay ki tarah saagwaan ki lakdi ki chhat daal di. Phir kai baar is ki murammat bhi hoti rahi. Lekin aahista aahista is mein kamzori aa gai aur is ki toot phoot shuru’ ho gai. Sultan Saleem ke saamnay jab yeh soorat-e-haal paish ki gai to us ne isay gira kar nai ‘imaarat banaanay ka hukum diya aur kaha:
Keh chhat lakdi ki na daali jaaye balkay woh gunbadon ki shakal mein ta’ameer ki jaaye. Yeh kaam 979 h mein shuru’ hua magar Sultan Saleem ta’ameer mukammal honay se pehlay hi faut ho gaye. Phir un ke betay Sultan muraad saum ne is ki takmeel ki ta’ameer-e-nou ka yeh kaam 984 h mein mukammal hua. 1⃣
[Akhbaar-e-Makkah, Azraqi: zamimah number: 1, Matb’ua: Daar al Saqaafat]
REFERENCE: Muratib Karda : Shoba Tahqeeq-o-Taleef Darussalam.
Nazar-e-Saani: Moulana Safir ur Rahman Mubarak puri.