Hajj

Hajj Islaam ka aik rukan aur bunyaadi fareeza hai. Quran wa Sunnat aur ijma’ is ki farziat par shaahid hain. Yeh har saahib-e-istitaa’t Musalmaan par zindagi mein aik martaba farz hai. Is ka munkir kaafir hai. Hajj ki farziyat ke dalaail bohat hain. Hum un mein se chand aik ka zikar karte hain, Quran Majeed mein hai:

وَلِلّٰهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الۡبَيۡتِ مَنِ اسۡتَطَاعَ اِلَيۡهِ سَبِيۡلًا ‌ؕ وَمَنۡ كَفَرَ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَنِىٌّ عَنِ الۡعٰلَمِيۡنَ ۞

“Allah Ta’ala ki taraf se logon par farz hai keh jo shakhs Bayet Ullah tak pohanch sakay woh Hajj kare aur jo inkaar kare ga woh yaad rakhay keh Allah Ta’ala saaray jahaanon se be niyaaz hai.” 1⃣

وَاَتِمُّوا الۡحَجَّ وَالۡعُمۡرَةَ لِلّٰهِ

“Hajj wa ‘Omrah Allah Ta’ala ke liye mukammal karo.” 2⃣

✿ Farziyat-e-Hajj par Ahaadees se dalaail:

‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar (رضی اللہ عنہ) ki Hadees hai keh Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عبده ورَسُولُهُ ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالحَجِّ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ

“Islaam ki bunyaad paanch cheezein hain: 1. Allah Ta’ala ki Tawheed aur Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ki risaalat ki gawaahi dena 2. Namaaz qaaim karna 3. Zakat ada karna 4. Hajj karna 5. Ramzaan al mubaarak ke rozay rakhna.” 1⃣

Jo shakhs Hajj ki taaqat rakhta hai jabkay us ne abhi tak Hajj nahi kiya, us ke liye zaroori hai keh woh jald az jald Hajj kare kyunkay Nabi kareem (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

تَعَجَّلُوا إِلَى الْحَجِ يَعْنِي الْفَرِيضَةً فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمُ لَا يَدْرِي مَا یَعْرِضُ لَهُ

“Fareeza-e-Hajj ki adaaigi mein jaldi karo tumhein kya ‘Ilm kon si rukaawat paish aa jaaye.” 2⃣

Hajj ki fazeelat ke baaray mein bhi bohat si Ahaadees waarid hain. Hum un sab ko to zikar nahi kar satke albatta un mein se chand aik ka zikar karte hain. Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

إنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ يَهْدِمُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ وَإِنَّ الْهَجْرَةَ تَهْدِمُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهَا وَإِنَّ الْحَجَ يَهْدِمُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ

“Bilaa shuba Islaam pehlay ke sab gunaah khatam kar deta hai. Hijrat bhi pehlay ke sab gunaah khatam kar deti hai aur Hajj bhi pehlay ke sab gunaah khatam kar deta hai.” 3⃣

Nabi Akram (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

منْ حج هذا الْبیْت فلمْ یرْفتْ ولمْ یفْسق رجع كما ولدتْه أمه

“Jo shakhs Baytullah ka Hajj kare aur douraan-e-Hajj koi shehwaani baat ya gunaah na kare to aisay ho kar lautay ga jaisay us ki maa ne usay janna tha.” 1⃣

[Sahih Bukhari, Hadees: 1819, 1820, Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1350]

Neez farmaaya:

الْحی الْمبْرور لیْس له جزاء إلا الْجنة

“Naik wa paak (gunaaho se bach kar kiye jaane waalay) Hajj ka badla jannat ke siwa kuch nahi.” 2⃣

[Sahih Bukhari, Hadees: 1773, Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1349]

Jab koi Musalman Hajj ya ‘Umrah ke safar ka iraadah kare to us ke liye mustahib hai keh woh apni wasiyat tehreer kare. Us ke liye yeh bhi zaroori hai keh woh m’aroof sharton ke saath taubah kare aur woh shartein yeh hain:

1. Gunaah se ruk jaana

2. Guzashta gunaahon par naadim hona

3. Dubaarah gunaah na karne ka pukhta iraadah karna

4. Logon ke haqooq un ko waapas karna.

Haaji ke liye yeh bhi zaroori hai keh apne Hajj aur ‘Umrah ke liye halaal maal istemaal kare. Safar mein naik logon ka saathi banay. Arkaan-e-Hajj ka poora ‘Ilm haasil kare. Kisi ko takleef dainay ka khayaal bhi zehen mein na laaye. Shehwaani baaton, gunaah, na farmaani aur jhagday se parhez kare. ‘Aurat Hajj ko jaana chaahay to zaroori hai keh woh mehram ke baghair safar na kare.

✿ Ihram ke liye mawaaqeet

Meeqaat do qisam ke hain:

1. Zamaani

2. Makaani

✿ Meeqaat-e-Zamaani:

Yakam shiwaal se shuru’ ho kar das dhu al-hijjah ki raat ke aakhri hissa tak baaqi rehta hai.

Meeqaat-e-Makaani paanch hain:

1. Madinah waalon ke liye:

Dhu al-Hulayfah

2. Shaam waalon ke liye:

Juhufah (aaj kal is ke qareeb Raabigh naami maqaam se ihram baandha jaata hai).

3. Najd waalon ke liye:

Qaran ul manaazil (yeh maqaam aaj kal As sayl kehlaata hai).

4. Yaman waalon ke liye:

Yalamlam

5. ‘Iraq waalon ke liye:

Dhat Irq

✿ Wajibaat-e-Ihram:

1. Meeqaat se ihram baandhna.

2. Mardon ke liye silay hue kapdon se ijtinaab karna.

Jo in mein se koi waajib chhod day ga to usay jaanwar zibah karna pade ga.

✿ Ihram ki sunnatein:

       1. Ghusal karna aur khushbu lagaana.

2. Aik tehband aur oopar waali chaadar mein Ihram baandhna.
3. Ihram se pehlay naakhun kaat lena.

4. Ihram ki ibtida “Labaik” se karna aur phir baar baar “Labaik” kehte rehna.

5. Namaz ke ba’ad Ihram baandhna.

✿ Bachay ka Hajj:

Na baaligh par Hajj farz nahi lekin agar woh Hajj kare to usay aur us ke waalidain ko sawaab mile ga albatta baaligh honay ke ba’ad usay phir Hajj karna hoga. Agar bacha samajh daar ho to apne sar parast ki hidaayat ke tehat khud Hajj ki niyat kare aur Hajj ke jo kaam woh khud kar sakta hai, kare aur jo kaam nahi kar sakta, maslan:

Jamron ko kankariyaan maarna waghera, to aisay kaam us ka sar parast is ki taraf se kare. Aur agar woh is qadar samajh daar nahi hai to us ka sar parast us ki taraf se niyat kare aur tamaam maqaamaat-e-Hajj par usay saath le jaaye. Jo kaam bacha kar sakta hai, us se karwaaye aur jo kaam woh nahi kar sakta khuwaah ladka ho ya ladki woh sarparast khud kare. Agar bacha tawaaf wa sa’i se ‘aajiz ho to bachay ko utha kar tawaaf wa sa’i ki jaaye. Afzal yeh hai keh apne aur bachay ki taraf se mushtarqa tawaaf wa sa’i na kare. Balkay apna tawaaf aur sa’i karne ke ba’ad ‘alahida bachay ki taraf se kare. Bachay ke ihram ke ahkaam bhi baaligh ke ahraam jaisay hi hain.

✿ Ihram mein mamnu’ kaam

Ihram ke mamnu’aat teen qisam ke hain:

1. Woh cheezein jo mard wa ‘aurat donon ke liye mamnu’ hain, woh yeh hain:

✳Baal kaatna ya utaarna ✳Naakhun kaatna ✳Ihram ke ba’ad khushbu lagaana ✳Jamaa’ aur jamaa’ ke asbaab apnaana, maslan:

Nikaah mun’aqqid karna, shehwat ke saath dekhna, bosa lena waghera ✳ Dastaanay pehnana ✳ Shikaar karna.

2. Woh cheezein jo sirf mardon par haraam hain:

✳ Silay hue kapday pehenna ✳ Sar dhaanpna

3. Jo sirf ‘aurton par haraam hai aur woh aik hi cheez hai:

Naqaab pehenna. Lekin ‘aurton ke liye ajnabi mardon se parda karna zaroori hai.

Agar koi shakhs in mamnu’aat mein se koi kaam bilaa ‘uzar kare to usay fidya dena hoga aur woh gunaah gaar hoga. Agar kisi majboori se kare to fidya dena ho ga magar gunaah na hoga. Aur agar koi shakhs kisi ‘uzar ki bina par un mein se koi kaam kar baithy, maslan:

Na waaqfiyat aur jahaalat se ya bhool kar kar le ya us se zabardasti karwaaya jaaye, to is par koi gunaah hoga na fidya.

✿ Fidya ki miqdaar:

Darj zail kaam karne ki soorat mein fidya mein ya to Bakri zibah kare ya chhay miskeeno ko khaana khilaaye ya teen rozay rakhay. In mein se koi bhi soorat ikhtiyaar kar sakta hai tarteeb zaroori nahi. Woh mamnu’ kaam yeh hain:

1. Shehwat se haath ya moun ya jism ka koi hissa lagaana

2. Silay hue kapday pehanna

3. Baal ya naakhun kaatna

4. Mardon ke liye sir dhaanpna

5. ‘Aurat ka naqaab daalna

6. Khushbu lagaana

7. Dastaanay pehenna.

 ✿ Agar wajibaat-e-Hajj mein se koi wajib chhod day, maslan:

✳Jamraat ko kankari maarna ✳ Muzdalifa mein raat guzaarna ✳ Mina mein raat guzaarna ✳ Tawaaf-e-vidaa’ karna ✳Meeqaat se ihram baandhna waghera, to jaanwar zibah karna laazim hoga. Agar jaanwar na ho sakay to das din ke rozay rakhna hon ge. Teen rozay Hajj ke douraan mein aur saat rozay ghar waapas aa kar. Agar koi shakhs Hajj ke douraan mein teen rozay na rakh sakay to ghar aa kar saat rozon ke saath yeh teen rozay bhi rakh le.

✿ Shikaar karne ki saza:

Agar muhram kisi jaanwar ka shikaar kare aur us jaanwar jaisa gharelu jaanwar mojood ho to usay teen cheezon mein se koi aik karna hogi ya to us shikaar jaisa gharelu jaanwar zibah kar ke us ka tamaam gosht Makkah Mukarramah ke fuqra mein taqseem kar day ya us gharelu jaanwar ki qeemat se ghalla khareed kar har maskeen ko nisf sa’a ke hisaab se taqseem kar day ya har maskeen ke khaanay (ya’ni nisf sa’a) ke badlay aik roza rakhay. gar shikaar jaisa koi gharelu jaanwar mojood na ho to usay do cheezon mein ikhtiyaar hoga ya to us shikaar ki qeemat se ghalla khareed kar masaakin mein is tarah taqseem kar day keh har maskeen ko nisf sa’a mil jaaye ya har maskeen ke khaanay (ya’ni nisf sa’a ghalla) ke badlay aik roza rakhay.

✿ Tamattu’ aur qiraan karne waalay par qurbaani:

Hajj-e-Tamattu’ ya qiraan karne waalay ke liye (kam az kam) aik jaanwar ki qurbaani karna waajib hai. Agar usay jaanwar na mil sakay to das rozay aur rakhay. Teen rozay Hajj ke douraan mein aur saat rozay ghar waapas aa kar. 

✿ Muhsar ka fidya:

Agar koi Muhram (haaji) raastay mein rok liya jaaye aur woh Baytullah tak na pohanch sakay to jaanwar zibah kar ke ihram khol day. Agar jaanwar muyassar na ho to woh usi tarah das rozay akhay jis tarah “Tamattu'” aur “Qiraan” waala rakhta hai.

✿ Jamaa’ aur asbaab-e-jamaa’ ka fidya:

Jo shakhs tahllal-e-awwal ya’ni kankariyaan maarny se pehlay jamaa’ kar baithy to is par Ount zibah karna waajib hoga. Ount na ho to das rozay rakhay, teen Hajj ke douraan aur saat ghar waapas aa kar.

✿ Hajj ke arkaan aur wajibaat

✦ Hajj ke arkaan:

Sahih maslak ke mutaabiq Hajj ke arkaan chaar hain:

*1*. Ahraam:

Is se muraad Hajj mein daakhil honay ki niyat karna hai. Jo shakhs yeh niyat na kare us ka Hajj nahi hota. Kyunkay Janaab Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

إنما الْأعْمال بالنیات وإنما لكل امْرى ما نوى

“A’amaal ka madaar niyat par hai. Har shakhs ko us ki niyat ke mutaabiq badla mile ga.” 1⃣

*2*. ‘Arfaat mein waqoof:

Nabi kareem (ﷺ) ne farmaaya:

الْحج عرفة

“Hajj ‘Arfaat mein thehrnay ka naam hai.” 2⃣

*3*. Tawaaf-e-Ifaazah:

Allah Ta’ala ne farmaaya:

وَلۡيَطَّوَّفُوۡا بِالۡبَيۡتِ الۡعَتِيۡقِ ۞

“Hujjaj ko chaahiye keh woh is qadeem ghar ka tawaaf karein.” 3⃣

Hazrat Safia (رضی اللہ عنہا) ke baaray mein Hazrat ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) ki Hadees se bhi yehi saabit hota hai. 4⃣

*4*. Safa wa Marwah ki sa’i:

Rasool Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam ne farmaya :

اسْعوا فإن اللہ کتب علیْكم السعْی

“Sa’i karo. Allah Ta’ala ne sa’i karna tum par farz qaraar diya hai.” 1⃣

Neez Hazrat ‘Aisha (رضی اللہ عنہا) ki Hadees se bhi yehi saabit hota hai. 2⃣

✦ Hajj ke wajibaat:

🍥Meeqaat se ihram baandhna:

Ab Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne mawaaqeet muqarrar farmaaye thay to farmaaya tha:

هن لهن ولمنْ أتى علیْهن منْ غیْرهن ممنْ أراد الْحج والْعمْرة

“Yeh meeqaat un (mazkoorah) logon ke liye hain aur un logon ke liye bhi jo dusray ‘ilaaqon se yahaan aaein. Aur Hajj wa ‘Umrah ka iraadah rakhtay hon.” 3⃣

🍥’Arfaat mein ghuroob-e-shams tak theharna:

Naabi kareem (ﷺ) yahaan ghuroob tak thehray thay. Lekin yeh paabandi us shakhs ke liye hai jo din ke waqt ‘Arfaat mein jaaye. 4⃣

🍥 Muzdalifah mein raat guzaarna:

Nabi kareem (ﷺ) ne raat wahaan guzari thi aur farmaaya tha:

“Meri ummat Mujh se Hajj ke ahkaam seekh le. Main jaanta to nahi lekin ho sakta hai keh is saal ke ba’ad Main logon se na mil sakoon.” 5⃣

Neez Aap ne kamzor logon (aurton, bachon aur boodhon) ko aadhi raat ke ba’ad Minna jaane ki ijaazat di thi. 6⃣   Is se ma’loom hua keh Muzdalifah mein raat guzaarna zaroori hai. Aur Allah Ta’ala ne bhi Quran Majeed mein Mash’ar-e-Haraam ke paas zikar karne ka hukum diya hai. 7

🍥Ayyaam-e-Tashreeq ki raatein Mina mein guzaarna:

Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne yeh raatein Mina mein guzaari theen aur Aap ne Hazrat ‘Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہ) ko un ke mansab-e-siqaaya ki wajah se yeh raatein Makkah mein rehne ki ijaazat di thi. 2⃣   Isi tarah Aap ne Ounton ke charwaahon ko un ki majboori ki wajah se Mina se baahar rehne ki ijaazat di thi. 3⃣

🍥Jamraat ko ba tarteeb kankariyaan maarna:

Qurbaani waalay din (10 Dhul-Hijjah ko) sirf Jamra ‘Aqaba ko kankariyaan maarna aur ayyaam-e-tashreeq mein (11 12 13 Dhul-Hijjah ko) teenon jamron ko kankariyaan maarna. Kyunkay Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne pehlay din sirf Jamra ‘Aqaba ko rami ki thi aur ayyaam-e-tashreeq mein teenon jamron ko. Neez Allah Ta’ala ka farmaan hai:

وَاذۡكُرُوا اللّٰهَ فِىۡٓ اَيَّامٍ مَّعۡدُوۡدٰتٍ‌ؕ فَمَنۡ تَعَجَّلَ فِىۡ يَوۡمَيۡنِ فَلَاۤ اِثۡمَ عَلَيۡهِ ۚ وَمَنۡ تَاَخَّرَ فَلَاۤ اِثۡمَ عَلَيۡه‌ِ ۙ لِمَنِ اتَّقٰى

“Un chand dinon mein Allah Ta’ala ko yaad karo. Phir jo shakhs do din (11,12 Dhul-Hijjah) thehr kar chala jaaye to koi gunaah nahi aur jo shakhs teesray din (13 Dhul-Hijjah ko) bhi wahaan rahay to us par bhi koi gunaah nahi bashart-e-kay woh muttaqi ho.” 4⃣

Hazrat Jabir (رضی اللہ عنہ) ki Hadees bhi isi baat par dalaalat karti hai. 5⃣

🍥 Sir ke baal mundwaana ya katwaana:

Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ne yeh hukum irshaad farmaaya:

“Haaji sir ke baal katwa kar halaal ho jaaye.” 1⃣

Sir ka mundwaana afzal hai kyunkay Aap ne sir mundwaane waalon ke liye teen dafa’a du’a ki thi aur baal katwaane waalon ke liye aik dafa’a. 2⃣

🍥Tawaaf-e-Vidaa’:

Janaab-e-Rasool Allah (ﷺ) ne is ka hukum diya tha:

“Tum mein se koi shakhs waapas na jaaye jab tak woh apna aakhri waqt Baytullah ke paas (tawaaf ki soorat mein) na guzaar le.” 3⃣

Neez Hazrat Ibn ‘Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہ) ka farmaan hai:

“Logon ko hukum hai keh woh apna aakhri waqt Baytullah ke paas guzaarein (ya’ni tawaaf-e-vidaa’ karein) albatta haiz ki haalat mein ‘aurat ko (tawaaf-e-vidaa’ na karne ki) rukhsat hai.” 4⃣

Jo shakhs koi rukan chhod day us ka to Hajj hi is ke baghair durust nahi. Albatta jo shakhs koi waajib chhod day to us ki kami aik jaanwar zibah karne se poori ho sakti hai. Aur jo shakhs koi sunnat chhod day is par koi fidya nahi. 5⃣   Waajib chhodne se jaanwar zibah karne ke wujoob ki daleel Hazrat Ibn ‘Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہ) ka yeh fatwa hai keh jo shakhs wajibaat-e-Hajj mein se kuch bhool jaaye ya chhod baithy to usay aik jaanwar zibah karna chaahiye. 6⃣

REFERENCE: Muratib Karda : Shoba Tahqeeq-o-Taleef Darussalam.

Nazar-e-Saani: Moulana Safir ur Rahman Mubarak puri.