Imam Shawkaani Rahimahullah
IMAM SHhAUKANI ( رحمه الله ) KAY SAWANIH-E-HAYAT AUR ILMI KHIDMAAT.
Yahan Imam Shaukani ( رحمه الله ) kay woh hi halaat tahreer kiye ja rahay hain jo unhon nay khud apnay muta’allaq tahreer farmaye hain (1).
NAAM-O-NASAB:
Imam Saab ka mukammal naam ” Muhammad Ibn-e-Ali Ibn-e-Abdullah Al-shaukani, Al-san’aani ” hai,
Ap ka laqab “Shaukani” shaukan ki taraf nisbat hai jo keh sahaamiyah ki bastiyon mein say aik basti hai, Khaun kay qabaail mein say aik qabilah hai, San’aa aur is ilaqay kay darmiyan aik din kay safar ka faaslah hai,
Fil-haqeeqat ap aur ap kay aqrabaa ka maskan shaukan kay junub mein aik ilaqah hai, Shaukan aur us kay darmiyan aik taweel-o-areez pahaadi silsilah hai jisay “Hijrah” kaha jata hai, Aur baaz nay to usay “Hijrat-ul-shaukan” ka naam diya hai, so issi wajah say ap ka laqab shaukani pada,
Aur “Al-san’aani” shahar-e-san’aa ki taraf nisbat hai, Jisay ap kay walid nay ap ki Hijrah ilaqay mein paidaaish kay baad apna watan bana liya tha.
TAEEKH-E-PAIDAAISH:
Imam Shaukani 28 zilqadaa 1173 hijri baruz peer 2 paher kay waqat paida huway, Choonkeh yeh tareekh-e-paidaaish ap kay walid ki bayan kardah hai is liye is mein kisi taraddud ki gunjaish nahi hai, (2).
IBTEDAAYI HALAAT:
Ap apnay walid say bohot muta’assir thay, kiyonkeh ap kay walid qabil-e-qadar buzurg, seerat-e-hameedah kay malik aur deeni mu’amilaat par kaarband thay,
Ap shuru say hi nihaayat zakki, samajhdaar, mehnati aur quwwat-e-haafizah kay malik thay,
Ap ki umar abhi 10 saal nahi huwi thi keh ap nay Quran majeed hifaz kar liya, ilam-e-tajweed hasil kar liya aur ahadith kay mutoon ka aik bohot bada zakheerah azbar kar liya, Phir ap nay baday mashaaikh say raabitah kiya aur un say ilam haasil kiya.
Ap tareekh aur adab ka bohot ziyadah mutaali’aa kiya kartay thay,
Aik arsah is tarah guzra keh ap shab-o-rauz mein taqreeban 13 duroos mein shirkat farmatay, Jin mein say kuch dars aisay thay keh un mein ap apnay asaatizah say ta’aleem haasil kartay, Aur kuch aisay thay jin mein ap kay shagird ap say faizyaab hotay,
Ap nay apnay asaatizah say fiqah, hadith, lughat, tafseer, adab, mantiq aur is tarah kay muta’addad deegar uloom-o-funoon seekhay.
ILAMI ZINDAGI:
Imam Shaukani ( رحمه الله ) pahlay zaidi mazhab par thay, Lekin us kay baad taqleedi jumood say nikal kar khaalis kitab-o-sunnat ko istinbaat-e-masaail ka marji bana liya,
Ap ( رحمه الله ) nay uloom-e-quran, uloom-e-hadith, ilam-e-fiqah, ilam-usool-e-fiqah aur ijtehaad-o-istinbaat kay tariqay seekhay,
Is tarah ap bil’aakhir aik azeem mujtahid ban kar ubhray aur un logon mein shamil ho gaye jinhon nay apnay apnay daur mein tahdeed-o-ihyaa-e-deen kay liye anthak koshishen kin,
Yaad rahay keh us waqat ap ( رحمه الله ) ki umar 30 saal say kam thi.
__________
(1)_Tafseel kay liye mulahazah ho, Al-badar-ul-taali.
(2)_Muqaddamah kitab qatr-ul-wali,
az doctor Ibrahim hilal, Page no: 15.
JIS MAS’ALAY KAY SABAB IMAM SAAHIB KI SHOHRAT HUWI.
4th sadi hijri kay baad aisa taqleedi daur shuru huwa jis nay ummat-e-muslimah ko zang alood kar diya, Logon ko jihaalat ki taraf dhakail diya aur unhain kisi na kisi imam ka muqallid-o-pair-o-kaar bana diya,
In halaat kay paish-e-nazar Imam Shaukani ( رحمه الله ) nay aik risaalah ” Al-qaul-ul-mufeed fi adillat-al-ijtehaaad wa-al-taqleed ” kay unwan say tahreer kiya jis kay baa’is ap ki bohot ziyadah shohrat huwi,
Albattah ahl-e-ilam ka aik girauh bil’khusoos muqallideen ap par shadeed ghazabnaak ho gaye, Kiyonkeh ap nay is risaalah mein mutlaqan taqleed ko haraam aur ijtehaad ko waajib qaraar diya tha.
IMAM SHHAUKANI ( رحمه الله ) MANSAB-E-QAZAA PAR.
1209 hijri mein Yaman ka aik bohot bada qaazi “Qazi Yahya Ibn-e-saahlih al-shajari al-suhooli” wafaat pa gaya,
Un ayaam mein Imam Shaukani ( رحمه الله ) ijtehaad-o-iftaa aur taaleef-o-tasneef ki sargarmiyon mein is qadar masroof thay keh logon say bil’khusoos umaraa-o-hukumati ahl-e-kaaron say yaksar be ta’alluq rakhtay aur kisi say na miltay khawah koi bhi hota,
Qaazi-e-yaman ki wafaat ka ilam bhi apko taqreeban aik haftay kay baad apnay aik shagird kay zariyeh huwa.
khailfah-e-waqat nay is mansab kay liye Imam Shaukani ( رحمه الله ) ko paishkash ki, Ap ( رحمه الله ) nay pahlay to inkaar kiya lekin phir khalifah kay israar par istekhaaray aur ahl-e-ilam say mashwaray ki ijaazat talab ki aur chand ayaam kay baad ap ( رحمه الله ) nay Allah ta’aala par tawakkal kartay huway is mansab ko qubool kar liya, Phir jab tak ap ( رحمه الله ) zindah rahay ap ko maazool nahi kiya gaya.
Is dauraan ap ( رحمه الله ) nay haqq-o-adal kay qayam kay liye giraanqadar khidmaat sar anjaam din, Mazloom ko zaalim say insaaf dilaya, Rishwat khauri ka khaatimah kiya, Ta’assubi gulokaari mein takhfeef kar di, Aur logon ko sirf kitab-o-sunnat ki ittebaa ki daawat di.
IMAM SAAHIB KAY ASAATIZAH.
(1) Ap kay walid: Qazi Ali Ibn-e-muhammad al-shaukani ( رحمه الله ).
(2) Ahmad Ibn-e-muhammad Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-mutahhar al-qabily ( رحمه الله ).
(3) Ismail Ibn-e-Husain Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-Hasan Ibn-ul-qasim ( رحمه الله ).
(4) Abdul Rahman Ibn-e-Hasan al-akwa ( رحمه الله ).
(5) Abdul Qadir Ibn-e-ahmad kaukabaani ( رحمه الله ).
(6) Abdullah Ibn-e-Hasan Ibn-e-ali mutawakkil alallah ( رحمه الله ).
(7) Ali Ibn-e-muhammad haushi ( رحمه الله ).
(8) Qasim Ibn-e-yahya khaulani ( رحمه الله ).
(9) Yousuf Ibn-e-muhammad ibn-e-alaa mazjaji ( رحمه الله ).
(10) Ahmad Ibn-e-aamir al-hadaayi ( رحمه الله ).
(11) Ahmad Ibn-e-muhammad al-harazi ( رحمه الله ).
(12) Hasan Ibn-e-ismail al-maghrabi ( رحمه الله ).
(13) Abdul Rahman Ibn-e-qasim al-madaani ( رحمه الله ).
(14) Abdullah Ibn-e-ismail nohami ( رحمه الله ).
(15) Ali Ibn-e-ibrahim Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-aamir ( رحمه الله ).
(16) Ali ibn-e-hadi orhab ( رحمه الله ).
(17) Hadi Ibn-e-husain qaarini ( رحمه الله ).
AAP ( رحمه الله ) KAY SHAGIRD.
(1) Ibrahim Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-yousuf al-riyaa’e ( رحمه الله ).
(2) Ahmad Ibn-e-Husain Al-wazzaan Al-san’aani ( رحمه الله ).
(3) Ahmad Ibn-e-zaid kubsi san’aani ( رحمه الله ).
(4) Ahmad Ibn-e-Abdullah al-omari al-zumadi ( رحمه الله ).
(5) Mutawakkil alallah Rabbi-al-aalameen Ahmad Ibn-e-imam Al-mansoor ( رحمه الله ).
(6) Ahmad Ibn-e-ali ibn-e-mohsin ibn-e-mutawakkil alallah ( رحمه الله ).
(7) Ahmad Ibn-e-ali udi ( رحمه الله ).
(8) Ahmad Ibn-e-ali Ibn-e-muhammad ahmad tashi maadi ( رحمه الله ).
(9) Ahmad Ibn-e-lutuf-ul-bari Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-Abdul Qadir warad ( رحمه الله ).
(10) Ahmad Ibn-e-muhammad Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-mutahhar qaabili hizaari ( رحمه الله ).
(11) Ahmad Ibn-e-muhammad Ibn-e-husain Ibn-e-husain Ibn-e-ali ( رحمه الله ).
(12) Ahmad Ibn-e-muhammad Ibn-e-ali Shaukani ( رحمه الله ).
(13) Ahmad Ibn-e-naasir kubsi ( رحمه الله ).
(14) Ahmad Ibn-e-yousuf rabaa’e ( رحمه الله ).
(15) Isma’eel Ibn-e-ibrahim Ibn-e-hasan ( رحمه الله ).
(16) Isma’eel Ibn-e-ahmad kubsi ( رحمه الله ).
(17) Hasan Ibn-e-ahmad Ibn-e-yousuf rabaa’e san’aani ( رحمه الله ).
(18) Hasan muhammad Ibn-e-saahlih suhooli ( رحمه الله ).
(19) Husaain Ibn-e-ali ghimaari san’aani ( رحمه الله ).
20) Husain Ibn-e-qasim mujahid ( رحمه الله ).
AAP KI TASNIFAAT.
(1) Nail-ul-autaar min asraari muntaqa al-akhbaar.
(2) Ittehaaf-ul-akaabir bi isnaadi-al-dafaatir.
(3) Al-badar-ul-taali bi mahaasini min baadi-al-qarani-al-saabi.
(4) Al-fawaaid-ul-majmoo’ah fi al-ahadithi al-mauzooah.
(5) Al-durar-ul-bahiyah fi al-masaaili al-fiqhiyah.
(6) Fat’h-ul-qadeer al-jaami’u baina fannai al-riwaayati wa al-diraayati min ilami al-tafseer.
(7) Irshaad-ul-fuhool fi ilami-al-usool.
(8) Al-sail-ul-jarraar al-mutadaffiqu alaa hadaaiqi-al-azhaar.
(9) Irshaad-ul-siqqaat ilaa itqaani al-sharaai alaa al-tauheed wa al-maaad wa al-nabawaat.
(10) Tohfat-ul-zaakireen bi iddati al-hisan al-hiseen.
(11) Al-durru al-nazeed fi ikhlaasi al-kalimati al-tauheed.
(12) Risaalatu fi al-kalaami alaa hadithi
( حب الدنيا رأس كل خطيئة ).
(13) Ibtaalu daawa al-ijmaa alaa mutlaqi al-simaa.
(14) Al-ibtaal li-daawa al-ikhtilaal fi halli al-ishkaal.
(15) Ittehaaf-ul-maharah fi al-kalaami alaa hadithi,
( لا عدوى ولا طيرة ).
(16) Adab-ul-talabi wa al-muntaha al-arabbi.
(17) Irshaad-ul-aayaan ila tas’heehi maa fi uqoodi al-jumaan.
(18) Irshad-ul-saail ila dalaaili al-masaail.
(19) Irshaad-ul-ghabi fi mazhabi aali al-bait fi sahibi nabiyillahi ﷺ.
(20) Irshaad-ul-mustafeed ilaa daf’e kalaami ibni daqeeq al-eid fi al-itlaaqi wa al-taqyeed.
(21) Ishraaq-ul-nairain fi bayaani al-hukami izaa takhallafa ani-al-waad ahad-ul-khasmain.
(22) Amniyat-ul-mutashawwique ila maarifati hukmi-al-mantiqi.
(23) Eizaah-ul-qaul fi isbaati-al-saul.
(24) Al-bahs-ul-musfir an tahreemi kulli muskirin wa muftarin.
(25) Al-bahs-ul-ilami al-muta’allaq bi-qaulihi ta’aala
” ( إلا من ظلم ” ( سورة النمل. أيت 11
(26) Baghiyat-ul-areeb an mughna-al-labeeb.
(27) Al-baghiyah fi masaail-al-ruiyah.
(28) Baghiyat-ul-mustafeed fi-al-raddi alaa man ankara-al-ijtehaad min ahli-al-taqleed.
(29) Tahreer-ul-dalaail alaa miqdaari maa yajooz baina-al-imami wa-al-muitammi min-al-irtefaa wa-al-inkhifaazi wa-al-buidi wa-al-haaili.
(30) Risaalatu fi-al-tashkeek ala-al-takfeefi.
(31) Tashneef-ul-sam’i bi’adillat-al-jam’i.
(32) Tanbeeh-ul-aalaam alaa tafseer-al-mushtabihaati baina-al-halaal wa-al-haraam.
(33) Tanbeeh-ul-amthaal alaa admi jawaaz-al-iste’aanati min khaal-al-maal.
(34) Tanbeehu zawi-al-hija alaa hukmi bayaani-al-raja.
(35) Jawaab-ul-saail fi tafseeri qaulihi ta’aala,
{ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ قَدَّرۡنَـٰهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّىٰ عَادَ كَٱلۡعُرۡجُونِ ٱلۡقَدِیمِ }
[Surah Yā-Sīn: 39]
(36) Jeed-ul-naqd fi ibaarati-al-kaashifi wa-al-saad.
(37) Hall-ul-ishkaal fi ahbaari-al-yahoodi alaa ilteqaati-al-azyaal.
(38) Ad-daraari-ul-muziyh fi sharahi Al-durar-ul-bahiyah.
(39) Durar-ul-sahaab fi manaaqibi-al-qaraabati wa-al-as’haab.
(40) Daf’u-ul-aiterazaat alaa ezaahi-al-dalalaat.
(41) Al-dawaau-ul-aajil fi daf’e-al-aduwwi-al-saail.
(42) Risaalatu fi-al-ittesaali-al-salaateen.
(43) Risaalatu ikhtilaafi-al-ulamaa fi taqreeri maddati-an-nifaas.
(44) Risaalatu fi radaai-al-kabeer, Hal yusbit-al-tahreem am laa ?.
(45) Risaalatu fi-al-tahalla bi-al-zahabi li-al-rijaal.
(46) Risaalatu fi-al-raddi ala-al-qaail bi-wujoobi-al-tahiyah.
(76) Matla-ul-badarain.
(77) Majma-ul-bahrain, fi-al-tafseer.
(78) Al-mukhtasar-ul-kafi min-al-jawaabi-al-shafi.
(79) Al-maqaalat-ul-faakhirah fi ittefaaqi-al-sharaai alaa isbaati-al-daari-al-aakhirah.
(80) Minhat-ul-mannan fi ujrati-al-qazi al-sub’haan wa al-aawaan.
(81) Al-rauz-ul-wasi’e fi al-daleel-ul-mani’e alaa admi inhisaari ilmi-al-badee.
(82) Risaalatu fi isbaati anna-al-rasool-allahi ausa aliyan alaihi baada mautihi.
(83) Risaalatu fi hukmi-al-istijmaar.
(84) Al-dirayah fi mas’alati-al-wisaayah.
(85) Risaalatu fi kauni tat’heeri-al-siyabi wa-al-badani, Hal huwa min sharaa’it-al-salah am laa ?
(86) Risaalatu fi wujoobi-al-salaati ala-al-nabi.
(87) Risaalatu fi-al-raddi ala-al-qaail bi-wujoobi salaati-al-tahiyah.
(88) Risaalatu fi asbaabi sujoodi-al-sahwi.
(89) Risaalatu fi wujoobi-al-siyaami alaa man lam yuftir iza waqa’a-al-ash’aaro fi dukhooli ramazaan fi-al-nahaar.
(90) Risaalatu fi kauni ujrati-al-hajji min-al-sulusi.
(91) Risaalatu fi ziyadati sawaabi man ada-al-ibaadata bi’mushaqqatin.
(92) Risaalatu fi kauni-al-khula’e talaaqan au faskhan.
(93) Risaalatu fi hukmi-al-talaaqi salaasan.
(94) Risaalatu fi nafaqati-al-mutallaqati salaasan.
(95) Risaalatu fi man halafa layaqziyanna dainahu ghadan in sha allah.
(96) Risaalatu fi-al-hibati li’baazi-al-afraadi.
(97) Risaalatu fi bai’e-al-shaiy qabla qabzihi.
(98) Risaalatu fi jawaazi isyinaadi-al-haakim fi hukmihi ilaa taqweemi-al-udool.
(99) Risaalatu fi-al-wasiyati bis’sulusi hirmaan-ul-warisi.
(100) Risaalatu fi-al-qiyami lil’waasili li’mujarradi-al-taazeemi.
(101) Risaalatu fi hukmi-al-mukhaabarah.
(102) Risaalatu fi hukmi lubsi-al-hareer.
(104) Risaalatu fi hukmi sibyaani-al-zimmiyeen iza maata abawaahum.
(105) Risaalatu alaa masaail min-al-saiyed-al-allamah Ali Ibn-o-ismail.
(106) Risaalatu fi hukmi talaaqi-al-mukrihi.
(107) Hukm-ul-jahari biz’zikri.
(108) Zahr-un-nasrain al-faaih bi’fazaail-al-omarain.
(109) Risaalatu fi-al-kusoof, Hal takoon fi waqtin mu’ayyanin am laa ?.
(110) Risaalatu fi masaailin li’baazi ulamaa’i-al-hijaaziyeen.
(111) Luhooq sawaabi-al-qiraati min-al-ihyaa ila-amwaat.
(112) Risaalatu fi raf’e-al-ghamaamah fi tafseeri qaulihi ta’aala,
{ وَجَاعِلُ ٱلَّذِینَ ٱتَّبَعُوكَ فَوۡقَ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوۤا۟ إِلَىٰ یَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِۖ }
[Surah Āli-ʿImrān: 55]
(113) Al-urfo-un-nadi fi jawaazi itlaaqi lafzi sayyidi.
(114) Buloogh-ul-saaili amaaneehi bit’takallumi alaa atraafi-al-samaaneehi.
(115) Al-isbaato li’ilteqaai arwaahi-al-ahyaai wa-al-amwaat.
(116) Tashneef-ul-sam’i bi’jawaabi-al-masaaili-al-sabu’i.
(117) Raf’u manaari haqqi-al-jaari bil’ijbaari ala-al-bai’e ma’a-al-zaraari.
(118) Raf’u-ul-baasi an Hadithi-an-nafasi wa-al-hammi wa-al-waswaasi.
In kutub kay ilawah Imam Shaukani ki aur bhi mukhtalaf aur bohot ziyadah tasaaneef hain,
Jin ki taadaad kam-o-baish 278 kay qareeb hai,
Lekin un mein say sirf aham kutub ka hi tazkirah kiya gaya hai.
SAANIHA-E-WAFAAT.
Ap ki wafaat ka saaniha 27 jamaadi-al-saani 1250 hijri budh ki Raat ko paish aya,
Us waqat ap shahar-e-san’aa kay Qazi thay.
issi shahar ki badi jaami masjid mein ap ki namaz-e-janazah ada ki gayi, aur phir khuzaimah kay naam say Mash’hoor qabrastaan mein ap ko dafan kiya gaya.
فرحمه الله رحمة واسعة و جزاء عما قدم خيرالجزاء.