Tafsir ul Fatiha [1: 6]
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 05
6 اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ
Dikha hamen seedha rasta 6
Tafseer Aayat No: 6
♦ Dua Say Pehle Hamd-o-Sana Karne Ki Hikmat:
Jab pehle Allah Tabaarak Wa Ta’aala ki hamd-o-sana bayan ki to ab munaasib tha keh us say sawaal bhi kiya jaye, aur yeh Hadees-e-Qudsi pehle bayan ki ja chuki hai, Keh Allah farmata hai: 1
[فَنِصْفُهَا لِىْ وَنِصْفُهَا لِعَبْدِىْ وَلِعَبْدِىْ مَا سَأَلَ]
“Lehaaza is namaz [Surah Fatihah] ka nisf hissa mere liye aur nisf mere bandey key liye hai aur mere bandey key liye woh hai jo woh mujh say mangay.” 2
Is usloob mein be-had lataafat aur khoobi hai keh pehle Allah Ta’aala ki hamd-o-sana bayan ki jaye, phir apni aur apne momin bhaiyon ki haajat talab karte huwe kaha jaye: ﴾{6}اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ﴿ Yeh woh lateef usloob hai jo maqsood ko hasil karne aur muraad ko paane key liye teer ba-hadaf hai, is usloob ko ikhteyaar karne key liye Allah Ta’aala ney hamari rahnumayi farmayi hai, kiyun keh yeh intehaayi kaamil usloob hai.
Sawaal kabhi is tarah hota hai keh saail apni haalat aur haajat ko bayan kar deta hai, Jaisa keh Moosa (Alaihi Salam) ney bayan kiya tha:
﴾ رَبِّ اِنِّیْ لِمَاۤ اَنْزَلْتَ اِلَیَّ مِنْ خَیْرٍ فَقِیْرٌ ﴿
“Aye mere Parwardigaar! Beshak main us ka mohtaaj hun tu mujh par jo bhi apni ne’amat nazil farmaye.” Al-Qasas 28:24
1. Dekhiye Unwaan: “Surah Fatihah aur namaz” .
2. Sahih Muslim, Kitab-us-Salaah, Baab Wujoob Qiraa’at-ul-Fatihah fee kulli raka’atin…., Hadees: [38, 40]-395
Aur kabhi saail apni haajaat-o-zaruriyaat bayan karne say pehle Allah Ta’aala ki sifaat bhi bayan karta hai. Jis tarah Hazrat Yunus ney dua karte huwe kaha:
﴾ لَّاۤ اِلٰهَ اِلَّاۤ اَنْتَ سُبْحٰنَكَ ۖۗ اِنِّیْ كُنْتُ مِنَ الظّٰلِمِیْنَ ﴿
“Tere siwa koi ma’abood nahin, tu paak hai [Aur] beshak main hi zalimon mein say hun.” Al-Ambiya 21:87
Aur kabhi sawaal karne ka andaz yeh hota hai keh saail , mas’ool ki sirf ta’areef bayan kar deta hai, Jaisa keh kisi shayer ney kaha hai.
أَ أَذْكُرِ حَاجَتِيْ أَمْ قَدْ كَفَانِىْ
إِذَا أَثْنٰى عَلَيْكَ الْمَرْءُ يَوْمًا
حَيَاؤُكَ إِنْ شِيْمَتَكَ الْحَيَاءُ
كَفَاهُ مِنْ تَعَرُّضِهِ الثَّنَاءُ
“Kiya main apni haajat ko zikr karun ya mere liye teri meherbaniyon bhari bakhshish hi kafi hai? kiyun keh bakhshish hi teri sifat hai. jab bandah kisi din teri ta’areef kare to us ko sawaal key dar pey hone key bajaaye teri ta’areef bayan kar dena hi kafi hai.”
♦ “Hidaayat” Key Ma’aani:
Yahan Hidaayat key ma’aani irshaad-o-taufeeq key hain, Lafz-e-Hidaayat kabhi to bi-nafsehi mota’addi hota hai, Jaisa keh is aayat:
﴾{6} اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ ﴿ Mein hai, To is key ma’aani yeh hon ge keh “Ham ko sidha raasta elqaa kar dey, sidhe raste ki taufeeq de de, hamein sidhe raste say nawaz de, ya sidha rasta ataa farma de”.
Issi tarah aayat-e-kareemah:
﴾ وَهَدَیْنٰهُ النَّجْدَیْنِ ﴿
Key ma’aani yeh hain keh “Ham ney is key liye khair aur shar ko bayan kar diya hai”. Al-Balad 90:10
Aur kabhi Hidaayat ko (إِلَىَّ) key saath mota’addi kar key iste’imaal kiya jata hai, Masalan :
﴾ اِجْتَبٰىهُ وَهَدٰىهُ اِلٰی صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِیْمٍ ﴿
“Allah Ta’aala ney usey [Ibrahem ko] chun liya aur siraat-e-mustaqeem ki taraf rahnumayi ki.” An-Nahal 16:121
﴾ فَاهْدُوْهُمْ اِلٰی صِرَاطِ الْجَحِیْمِ ﴿
“Phir unhen dozakh ki raah dikha do.” As-Saaffaat 37:23
In aayaat mein Hidaayat ka lafz irshaad-o-dalaalat aur rahnumayi key ma’aani mein hai, issi tarah Allah Ta’aala ka yeh farman bhi hai:
﴾ وَاِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِیْۤ اِلٰی صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِیْمٍ ﴿
“Aur bila shuba aap sidhe raaste hi ki taraf rahnumayi karte hain.” As-shoora 42:52
Aur kabhi Hidaayat ka lafz “Lam” key saath mota’addi ho kar bhi iste’imaal hota hai, Jaisa keh Ahl-e-Jannat kahen ge:
﴾ الْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِیْ هَدٰىنَا لِهٰذَا ﴿
“Ya’ani sab ta’areef us Allah key liye hain jis ney hamein us ki taufeeq ataa farmayi aur hamein is ka ahel bana diya.” Al-Aaraaf 7:43
♦”Siraat-e-mustaqeem” Key Ma’aani:
Imaam Abu Jaafar Ibn-e-Jareer kehte hain keh ummat key tamaam ahl-e-tafseer ka is baat par Ittefaaq hai keh siraat-e-mustaqeem us saaf aur waazeh raaste ko kehte hain jo kahin say thehra na ho, tamaam arbon ki zaban mein bhi yeh issi ma’ani mein musta’amal hai, Masalan: Jareer bin Atiyah Khatafi ka sher hai:
أَمِيْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ
إِذَا اَعْوَجَّ الْمَوَارِدُ مُسْتَقِيْمِ
“Jab raaste terhe ho jayen to Ameer-ul-Momineen hamesha sidhe raaste hi par hote hain.” ***109
Aap farmate hain keh us key aur bhi be-shumaar shawahid hain. Phir Arab (صراط) key lafz ko har us Qaul-o-Amal aur wasaf key liye bhi iste’imaal karte hain jo sidha ya terha ho, sidha ho to usey ( مستقيم ) aur terha ho to usey ( معرج ) kehte hain. [1]
Aayat-e-kareemah mein (صِرَاطٌ مُّسْتَقِيْمٌ) say murad islam hai.
Imaam Ahmad ney apni Musnad mein Nawwaas bin Sam’aan ki rewaayat bayan ki hai keh Rasoolullah ney farmaya:
ضَرَبَ اللّٰهُ مَثَلًا صِرَاطًا مُّسْتَقِيْمًا، وَعَلَى جَنْبَتَىِ الصِّرَاطِ سُوَرَانِ، فِيْهِمَا اَبْوَابٌ مُّفَتَّحَةٌ،
وَعَلَى الْأَبْوَابِ سُتُوْرٌ مُّرْخَاةٌ، وَعَلَى بَابِ الصِّرَاطِ دَاعٍ يَقُوْلُ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، اُدْخُلُوْا الصِّرَاطَ جَمِيْعًا، وَلَا تَتَفَرَّجُوْا، وَدَاعٍ يَدْعُوْا مِنْ جَوْفِ الصِّرَاطِ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ يَفْتَحُ شَيْئًا مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَبْوَابِ، قَالَ : وَيْحَكَ لَا تَفْتَحْهُ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَفْتَحْهُ تَلِجْهُ، وَالصِّرَاطُ الْإِسْلَامُ، وَالسُّوَارَانِ : حُدُوْدُ اللّٰهِ ، وَالْأَبْوَابُ الْمُفَتَّحَةُ : مَحَارِمُ اللّٰهِ، وَذٰلِكَ الدَّاعِيُ عَلَى رَأْسِ الصِّرَاطِ : كِتَابُ اللّٰهِ، وَالدَّاعِيُ مِنْ فَوْقِ الصَّرَاطِ : وَاعِظُ اللّٰهِ فِيْ قَلْبِ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ
“Allah Ta’aala ney Siraat-e-mustaqeem ki is tarah misal bayan farmayi hai jaise aik raasta ho aur us key donon taraf deewarein hon, un mein kayi aik khule huwe darwaze hon aur darwazon par parde latak rahe hon, raaste key darwaze par aik pukarne wala moqarrar ho jo yeh ailaan kar raha ho keh: Aye logo! tum sab sidhe raaste par chalo aur daayen baayen mat jhaanko. Aur aik pukarne wala raaste key darmiyan mein ho jab koi un mein say kisi darwaze ko kholna chahe to woh keh de: Tujh par afsos! Usey na kholna, agar tune usey khol diya to us mein dakhil ho jaye ga, chunaancheh is misaal mein Siraat [Raaste] say murad islam hai, deewarein hudood-e-ilaahi hain, khule huwe darwazon say murad Allah Ta’aala ki haraam kardah cheezein hain, raaste key darwaze par pukarne wala Qur’an Kareem hai aur sar-e-raah pukarne wala Allah Ta’aala ka woh khauf hai jo har musalman key dil mein hota hai.” 2
1. Tafseer-ut-Tabri : 1/109,110.
2. Musnad Ahmad : 4/182,183
Jaami-ut-Tirmizi , Al-Amsaal, Baab maa jaa fee mislillaahi Azza-wa-jalla le-ibaadihi, Hadees: 2859
196
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 05
Mominon Ka Hidaayat Ki Dua Karna:
Agar sawaal kiya jaye keh momin namaz mein bhi aur deegar kayi auqaat mein bhi Hidaayat ki dua kiyun karta hai, jab keh woh to Hidaayat say bahra war hai ? kiya yeh tahseel-e-haasil key motaraadif nahin hai?
Is ka jawab yeh hai keh nahin, Yeh tahseel-e-haasil nahin hai. Agar insan ko din raat Hidaayat talab karne ki zaroorat na hoti to Allah Ta’aala us ki rahnumayi na farmata. Allah Ta’aala ney yeh rahnumayi farmayi hi is liye hai keh insan ko har lamhe aur har ghari us ki zaroorat hai keh Allah Ta’aala usey hidayat par sabit qadam rakhe, rusookh ataa farmaye, baseerat say nawaze, izaafa farmaye aur hidayat ko jaari-o-saari rakhe, kiyun keh koi insan apne liye kisi nafa-o-nuqsaan ka malik nahin hai magar jo Allah chahe, Lehaaza Allah Ta’aala ney apne bandey ki rahnumayi farmayi hai keh woh har waqat apne Rab say yeh dua karta rahe keh woh us ki madad farmaye, usey sabit qadam rakhe aur usey taufeeq ataa farmaye. Intehaayi khush bakht hai woh insan jisey Allah Ta’aala dua ki taufeeq ataa farma de. Allah Ta’aala ney dua karne wale ki dua ko qubool karne ka zimma uthaya hai, woh jab bhi dua kare, khawah din ko dua kare ya raat ko khusoosan jab keh woh majboor-o-be-kas aur naa-chaar-o-be-qaraar ho.
Aur phir irshad baari ta’aala hai:
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اٰمِنُوْا بِاللّٰهِ وَرَسُوْلِهٖ وَالْكِتٰبِ الَّذِیْ نَزَّلَ عَلٰی رَسُوْلِهٖ وَالْكِتٰبِ
الَّذِیْۤ اَنْزَلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ ؕ
﴿
An-Nisaa 4:136
﴾
“Aye momino! Allah par aur us key Rasool par aur jo kitaab us ney paighamber [Aakhir-uz-Zamaan] par nazil ki hai aur jo kitaab us say pehle nazil farmayi, us par bhi emaan laao.”
Is aayat-e-kareemah mein Allah Ta’aala ney Ahl-e-Eimaan ko bhi emaan lane ka hukm diya hai, to yeh tahseel-e-haasil nahin hai, kiyun keh is say murad un a’amal par sabaat, istiqlaal aur dawaam hai, jo us key liye mumidd-o-mo’aawin hon. Wallahu Aalam.
Allah Ta’aala ney apne momin bandon ko hukm diya hai keh woh yeh dua bhi karte raha karen:
197
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 05
﴾
8
رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوْبَنَا بَعْدَ اِذْ هَدَیْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَّدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً ۚ اِنَّكَ اَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ
﴿
Aal-e-imraan 3:8 “Aye hamare parwardigaar! Jab tu ney hamein Hidaayat bakhshi hai tu us key ba’ad hamare dilon mein kaji na paida karna. aur hamein apne haan say rahmat ataa farma beshak tu hi bara ataa farmane wala hai.”
Lehaaza ﴾{6}اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ﴿ key ma’ani yeh hiue keh hamesha hamein sidhe raaste hi par chalne ki taufeeq ataa farma. Aur seedhay raastay kay bajaaye hamen kisi aur raastay ki taraf na lay jaa.