CHAND ZARURI ISTELAHAAT BITARTEEB-E-HUROOF-E-TAHAJJI

(¹) { IJTEHAAD } shara’yi ahkaam kay ilm ki talash mein aik mujtahid ka istinbaat-e-ahkaam kay tareeqay say apni bharpoor ziheni koshish karna ijtehaad kahlata hay.
(2) { IJMAA } ijmaa say murad nabhi (ﷺ) ki wafaat kay bad kisi khaas daur mein ( ummat-e-muslimah kay ) tamaam mujtahideen ka kisi daleel kay sath kisi shara’yi hukum par muttfiq ho jana hay.
(3) { ISTIHSAAN } quran-o-sunnat’ ya ijmaa ki kisi qawwi daleel ki wajah say qiyaas ko chhaur daina’ is kay ilawah bhi is ki mukhtalif taarifain ki gayi hain.
(4) { ISTIS’HAAB } shara’yi daleel na milnay par mujtahid ka asal ko pakar laina istis’haab kahlata hay, waazih rahay kay tamaam nafa bakhsh ashiyaa mein asal “ibaahat” hay, aur tamaam zarar rasaan ashiyaa mein asal “hurmat” hay.
(5) { ASAL } yeh usool ka wahid hay aur is ki 5 ma’aani hain (1) daleel, (2) qaaidah, (3) buniyaad, (4) raajih baat, (5) haalat-e-musahhabah.
(6) { IMAAM } kisi bhi fun ka maaroof aalim, jaisay fann-e-hadth mein Imam Bukhari (رحمه اللّٰہ) aur funn-e-fiqah mein Imam Abu Hanifah (رحمه اللّٰہ)
(7) { AHAAD } khabar-e-wahid ki jama hay, is say muraad aisi Hadith hay jis kay rawiyon ki taadaad mutawatir Hadith kay rawiyon say kam ho.
(8) { ASAAR } aisay aqwaal aur af’aal jo sahabah kiram ( رضی اللّٰہ عنھم ) aur ta’been kiram ( رحمھم اللّٰہ ) ki taraf mamqool hon.
(9) { ATRAAF } woh kitab jis mein har haith ka Aisa hissa likha gaya ho jo baqiyah hadith par dalaalat karta ho masalan tohfat-ul-ashraaf is Imam Mizzi ( رحمه اللّٰہ ) waghairah.
(10) { AJZAA } ajzaa juz’u ki jama hay, aur juz’u us chhoti kitab ko kahtay hain jis mein kisi aik khaas mauzu kay muta’alliq ahadith ko bil’isti’aab jama karnay ki koshish ki gayi ho, masalan “juz’u raf’ilyadain” is Imam Bukhari ( رحمه اللّٰہ ) waghairah.
(11) ( ARBA’EEN ) hadith ki woh kitab jis mein kisi bhi mauzoo kay muta’alliq 40 ahadith hon.
(12) { BAAB } kitab ka woh hissa jis mein aik hi nau’u say muta’alliqah masaail bayan kiye gaye hon.
(13) { TA’AARUZ } aik hi mas’alah mein 2 muta’aaraz ahadith ka jama ho jana ta’aaruz. kahlata hay.
(14) { TARJEE } baaham mukhaalif dalaail mein say kisi aik ko amal kay liye ziyadah munasib qaraar day daina tarjee kahlata hay.
(15) { JAAIZ } aisa shara’yi hukum jis ko karnay aur chhornay mein ikhtiyar ho, isi ko mabah aur halal bhi kahtay hain.
(16) { JAAMI } hadith ki woh kitab jis mein mukammal Islamic malumaat masalan aqaaid, ibadaat, mu’amilaat, tafseer, seerat, manaqib, fitan aur rauz-e-mahshar kay ahwal ko jama kar diya gaya ho.
(17) HADITH aisa qaul’ fail ya taqreer jis ki nisbat Rasoolullah ki taraf ki gayi ho sunnat ki bhi yehi taareef hai, yad rahay keh taqreer say murad ap ki taraf say kisi Kam ki ijaazat hai.
(18) HASAN jis hadith kay raawi hafizay kay aitbaar say sahi hadith kay raawiyon say kam darjay kay hon.
(19) HARAAM. shaari nay jis Kam say laazmi taur par bachnay ka hukam diyaho, neez us kay karnay mein Gunah ho jab keh us say ijtinaab krnay mein sawab ho.
(20) KHABAR khabar kay muta’alliq 3 aqwaal hain, 1 khabar hadith ka hi dusra naam hai, 2 hadith woh hai jo nabi say manqool ho aur khabar woh hai jo kisi aur say manqool ho, 3 khabar hadith say aam hai yani us riwaayat ko bhi kahtay hain jo nabi say manqool ho aur us ko bhi kahtay hain jo kisi aur say manqool ho.

(21) { RAAJIH } aisi raaye jo deegar araa’a kay bilmuqabil ziyadah sahi aur aqrab ila-alhaqq ho.
(22) { SUNAN } hadith ki woh kutub jin mein sirf ahkaam ki ahadith jama ki gayi hon, masalan Sunan Abi Daud’ Sunan Nasaai’ aur Sunan Ibn-e-Majah waghairah ( رحمہم اللّٰہ )
(23) { SADD-UZ-ZARAAI } un mabah kamon say rauk daina jin kay zariyeh aisi mamnoo’u cheez kay irtikaab ka wazih andaishah ho jo fasaad aur kharabi par mushtamal ho.
(24) { SHARI’AT } quran-o-sunnat ki soorat mein Allah ta’aala kay muqarrar kiye huway ahkamaat.
(25) { SHAARI’E } shari’at bananay wala, yani Allah ta’aala, aur majazi taur par Allah kay Rasool par bhi iska itlaaq kiya jata hay.
(26) { SHAAZ } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis mein aik siqqah raawi nay apnya say ziyadah siqqah raawi ki mukhaalifat ki ho.
(27) { SAHIH } jis hadith ki sanad muttasil ho, aur us kay tamaam raawi siqqah, diyanat daar aur quwwat-e-hafiza kay malik hon, neez us hadith mein shuzooz aur koi khufiah kharabi bhi na ho.
(28) { SAHI’HAIN } sahi ahadith ki 2 kitabain yani sahih bukhari aur sahih muslim.
(29) { SIHAAH-E-SITTAH } maaroof hadith ki 6 kutub yani Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daud, Tirmazi, Nasaai aur Ibn-e-Majah.
(30) { ZA’EEF } aisi hadith jis mein na to sahih hadith ki sifaat payi jayen aur na hi hasan hadith ki.
(31) { URFUE } urfue say murad aisa qaul ya fail hai jis say mu’aashirah manoos ho, us ka aadi ho ya us ka un mein riwaaj ho.
(32) { ILLAT } ilm-e-fiqah mein illat say murad woh cheez hay jisay shaari’e nay kisi hukum kay wujood ya adm-e-wujood mein alaamat muqarrar kiya ho, jaisay nashah hurmat-e-sharaab ki illat hai.
(33) { ILLAT } ilm-e-hadees mein illat say murad aisa khufiyah sabab hai jo hadith ki sihat ko nuqsaan pahunchata ho aur usay sirf fann-e-hadth kay maahir ulamaa hi samajhtay hon.
(34) { FIQAH } aisa ilam jis mein un shara’yi ahkaam say behes hoti ho jin ka ta’alluq amal say hay aur jin ko tafseeli dalaail say hasil kiya jata hay.
(35) { FAQEEH } ilm-e-fiqah jan’nay wala bohot samajhdaar shakhs.
(36){ FASAL } baab ka aisa juz’u jis mein aik khaas mauzoo say muta’alliqah masaail mazkoor hon.
(37) { FARZ } shaari’e nay jis Kam ko laazmi karnay ka hukam diya ho neez us kay karnay par sawab aur na karnay par gunah ho, masalan Namaz , Rauzah waghairah.
(38) { QIYAAS } qiyaas yeh hay keh fara’a ( aisa mas’alah jis ka hukam kitab-o-sunnat mein maujood na ho ) hukam mein asal ( aisa hukam jo kitab-o-sunnat mein maujood ho ) kay saath is wajah say mila lena keh un dono mein illat mushtarak hai.
(39) { KITAAB } kitab mustaqil haisiyat kay haamil masaail kay majmooai ko kahtay hain, khawah woh kayi anwaa’a par mushtamal ho ya na ho, masalan kitab-ut-tahaarah waghairah.
(40) { MUSTAHAB } aisa kaam jisay karnay mein sawab ho jabkaeh usay chhornay mein gunah na ho, masalan miswaak karna waghairah, yaad rahay keh ilm-e-fiqah mein mandoob, nafal aur sunnat isi ko kahtay hain.
(41) { MAKROOH } jis kaam ko na karna us kay karnay say bahtar ho aur us say bachnay par sawab ho jabkaeh usay karnay par gunah na ho, masalan kasrat-e-su’aal waghairah.
(42) { MUJTAHID } jis shakhs mein ijtehaad ka malkah maujood ho, yaani us mein fiqahi ma’aakhaz say shari’at kay amali ahkaam ko mustanbat karnay ki poori qudrat ho.

(43) { MASAALIH-E-MURSALAH } yeh aisi maslihat hay keh jis kay muta’alliq shaari’e say koi aisi daleel na milti ho jo us kay mo’utabar honay ya usay laghw’o karnay par dalaalat karti ho.
(44) { MO’AQQAF } kisi mas’alay mein kisi aalim ki zaati raaye jisay us nay dalaail kay zariyeh ikhtiyaar kiya ho.
(45) { MASLAK } is ki bhi woh ho taareef hai jo mo’aqqaf ki hai, lekin yeh lafaz mukhtalif makaatib-e-fikar ki numa’indagi kay liye maaroof ho chuka hai, masalan hanafi maslak waghairah.
(46) { MAZHAB } lughwi taur par is ki bhi woh hi taareef hai jo maslak ki hai, lekin awaam mein ye lafaz Deen ( jaisay mazhab-e-eisaiyat waghairah) aur Firqah ( jaisay hanafi mazhab waghairah) kay lye bhi iste’imaal hota hai.
(47) { MARAAJI’E } woh kutub jin say kisi kitab ki tayari kay lye istefadah kiya gaya ho
(48) { MUTAWAATIR } woh hadith jisay bayan karnay walay raawiyon ki taadaad is qadar ziyadah ho keh un sub ka jhoot par jama ho jana aqlan mahaal ho.
(49) { MARFOO’U } jis hadith ko nabi ﷺ ki taraf mansoob kiya gaya ho, khawah us ki sanad muttasil ho ya na ho.
(50) { MAUQOOF } jis hadith ko sahabi ki taraf mansoob kiya gaya ho, khawah us ki sanad muttasil ho ya na ho.
(51) { MAQTOO’U } jis hadith ko taabi’e ya us say kam darjay kay kisi shakhs ki taraf mansoob kiya gaya ho, khawah us ki sanad muttasil ho ya na ho.
(52) { MAUZOO’U } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis mein kisi man gharat khabar ko Rasoolullah ﷺ ki taraf mansoob kiya gaya ho.
(53) { MURSAL } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis mein koi taabi’e sahabi kay waastay kay baghair Rasoolullah ﷺ say riwaayat karay.
(54) { MU’ALLAQ } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis mein ibteda-e-sanad say aik ya saaray raawi saaqit hon.
(55) { MOAZAL } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis ki sanad kay darmiyan say ikatthay 2 ya 2 say ziyadah raawi saaqit hon.
(56) { MUNQATI } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis ki sanad kisi bhi wajah say munqati ho, yaani muttasil na ho.
(57) { MATROOK } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis kay kisi raawi par jhoot ki tohmat ho.
(58) { MUNKAR } za’eef hadith ki woh qisam jis ka koi raawi faasiq, bid’ati, bohot ziyadah ghalatiyan karnay wala ya bohot ziyadah ghaflat baratnay wala ho.
(59) { MUSNAD } hadith ki woh kitab jis mein har sahabi ki ahadith ko alag alag jama kiya gaya ho, masalan Musnad-e-shaafi’e waghairah.
(60) { MUSTADRAK } aisi kitab jis mein kisi muhaddis ki sharaa’it kay mutaabiq un ahadith ko jama kiya gaya ho jinhain us muhaddis nay apni kitab mein naqal nahi kiya, jaisay mustadrak-e-Hakim waghairah.
(61) { MUSTAKHRAJ } aisi kitab jis mein kisi musannif nay kisi dusri kitab ki ahadith ko apni sanad kay sath riwaayat kiya ho, jaisay mustakhraj-e-abu nu’aim-al-asbahani waghairah.
(62) { MOAJAM } aisi kitab jis mein musannif nay apnay asaatizah kay namon ki tarteeb say ahadith ko jama kiya ho, jaisy moajam-ul-kabeer iz tabrani waghairah.
(63) { NASAKH } baad mein nazil honay wali daleel kay zariyeh pahlay nazil shudah hukam ko khatam Kar daina nasakh kahlata hai.
(64) { WAAJIB } waajib ki woh ho taareef hai jo farz ki hai, jamhoor fuqaha kay nazdeek in dono mein koi faraq nahi hai, albattah hanafi fuqaha is mein kuch faraq kartay hain.

REFERENCE:

BOOK: Duraral Bahiyah “Imam Shawkaani” Fiqh-o-Hadeeth

Tahqeeq: Allamah Nasir Uddin Albani Rahimahullah

Urdu Tarjumah Tarteeb-o-Taleef by : Haafiz Imraan Ayub lahori.