13. YATEEM KA MAAL KHAANA AUR UNPAR ZULM KARNA [Consuming the property of Orphans & Wronging them]
Maal-e-Yateem ko khana aur us par zulm karna
Allah Tala ne farmaya:
اِنَّ الَّذِيۡنَ يَاۡكُلُوۡنَ اَمۡوَالَ الۡيَتٰمٰى ظُلۡمًا اِنَّمَا يَاۡكُلُوۡنَ فِىۡ بُطُوۡنِهِمۡ نَارًا ؕ وَسَيَـصۡلَوۡنَ سَعِيۡرًا ۞ (النساء: 4/10)
“Yaqeenan wo log jo zulm se yateemon ka maal khate hain, wo apne pait mein angaare bharte hain aur wo anqareeb bharakti hoi aag mein dakhil honge”.
Aur Allah Tala ne farmaya :
وَلَا تَقۡرَبُوۡا مَالَ الۡيَتِيۡمِ اِلَّا بِالَّتِىۡ هِىَ اَحۡسَنُ حَتّٰى يَبۡلُغَ اَشُدَّهٗ ۚ (الانعام: 2/153)
“Aur yateem kay maal kay nazdeek na jao, magar mustahiq tareeqe se yahan tak wo apne sun baloogh ko puhnch jae”.
Abu Saeed Khudri رضي الله عنه se riwayat hai keh Rasool Allah ﷺ ne Mairaj kay moqe par farmaya:
Main ne achanak kuch admi dekhe keh kuch log un par mamoor hain jo un kay jabron ko kholte hain aur dosre log aa kay pathar le kar ate hain aur unhe un kay moohon mein phenkte hain aur wo un ki peeth se nikal jate hain. Tou ( ye manzar dekh kar) main ne kaha:
Jibreel ! Ye kon log hain? Unho ne kaha: ye wo log hain jo zulm se yateemon ka maal khate hain. Wo apne pait mein angaare bharte hain “. [Muslim]
Abu Huraira رضي الله عنه se riwayat hai keh Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Allah Azz Wajal aik qoum ko un ki qabron se uthaega, un kay pait se aag nikal rahi hogi. Un kay moohon se aag bharakt rahi hogi. Unho ne arz kiya. Allah kay Rasool! Wo kon Log hain? Ap ne farmaya: kia tum Allah Tala ko ye farmate hue nahi suna:
اِنَّ الَّذِيۡنَ يَاۡكُلُوۡنَ اَمۡوَالَ الۡيَتٰمٰى ظُلۡمًا اِنَّمَا يَاۡكُلُوۡنَ فِىۡ بُطُوۡنِهِمۡ نَارًا ؕ
(النساء : 4/ 10)
“Yaqeenan wo log jo zulm se yateemon ka maal khate hain, wo apne pait mein angaare bharte hain”.
Al Sadi رحمه الله ne farmaya: “zulm se yateem ka maal khane wala, Roz e qayamat is haal mein maidan e hashar mein aega keh us kay mooh, us kay kaanon , us kay naak aur us ki ankhon se aag nikal rahi hogi. Usse dekhne wala har shakhs ye pehchan lega keh wo yateem ka maal khane wala hai”.
Ulma ne farmaya:
“Yateem ki kifalat karne wala har shakhs agar tou wo faqeer hai aur us ne bhale tareeqe se us kay maal se is qadar kha liya, jo us kay Saleh aur us kay maal ki afzaish kay liye zaroori ho tou us mein koi harj nahi aur bhale tareeqe se jo zaaid hua tou wo haram hai.”
Allah Tala ne farmaya:
وَمَنۡ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلۡيَسۡتَعۡفِفۡ ۚ وَمَنۡ كَانَ فَقِيۡرًا فَلۡيَاۡكُلۡ بِالۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ ؕ (النساء: 4/6)
“Aur jo doulat mand ho, usse chahiye keh wo parhez kare aur jo ghareeb ho usse chahiye keh wo baqadar zaroorat khae”.
Bhale tareeqe se khane kay mutaliq chaar Aqwal hain:
[1] Wo batour qarz le.
[2] Zaroorat kay mutabiq israaf na kare.
[3] Jis qadar yateem ka kaam kare is qadar us kay maal se le le.
[4] Zaroorat kay teht le le, agar ho sake tou us ki qaza kare aur agar adaigi karna mumkin na ho tou phir wo us kay liye halal hai.
Ibne Jauzi ne ye chaaron aqwaal apni Tafseer mein naqal kie hain.
RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Main aur yateem ki kafalat karne Wala jannat mein is tarah honge” [Bukhari1]
Ap ne angishte shahadat aur darmiani ungli se ishara kia aur phir ap ne donon unglion kay mabain farq kia
Aur aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Yateem ki kafalat karne Wala, wo (yateem) uska apna rishtedaar ho ya koi aur, tou main aur woh jannat mein is tarah honge”
Aap ne angishte shahadat aur darmiani ungli se ishara kia
Yateem ki kafalat yeh hai keh us kay ma’amlat ko durust rakha jae, us kay ta’aamo libas aur agar uska maal ho tou uski afzaish kay masaleh kay lie koshish ki jae aur agar us kay pas maal na ho tou Allah ta’ala ki razamandi hasil karne kay lie us par kharch kia jae, use libas faraham kia jae
Hadith mein hai
“له أو لغيره”
Ya’ani woh yateem uska koi qareebi ho ya koi ghair
Ye sab barabar hai, maslan yateem ka dada ya uska Bhai ya uski maan ya uska chacha ya uski maan ka khawand ya uska mamun ya koi bhi qareebi rishtedar uski kafalat kare aur ajnabi se murad woh hai jiski us kafalat karne Wale kay Sath koi qarabat na hi
Aur RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jo shakhs kisi musalman yateem bache ko apne khane pine mein Sath mila le, hatta keh Allah use be-niaz kar de tou agar koi aisa na-qabile maafi jurm na kare tou Allah us kay lie jannat ko wajib qarar de deta hai” [Tirmidhi]
Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jo shakhs Allah ki razamandi kay lie kisi yateem kay sar par daste shafqat pherta hai tou us Is ki sifarish ki tou main ne usse qubool kar liya. Wo bayan karte hain: main bedaar hua tou main ne Allah Azz Wajal kay Huzoor touba ki aur main ne apne Ap ko yateemon par Reham karne kay waqf kar liya.
Rasool Allah ﷺ kay Khadim, Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه ne farmaya:
“Jis ghar mein yateem ho aur us se acha sulooq hota ho tou wo ghar se behtar hai aur sab se bura ghar wo hai jis mein yateem ho aur us se bura sulooq kiya jata ho aur Allah Tala ko wo shakhs intihai passand hai jo kisi yateem ya bewah khatoon kay sath bhalai karta hai”.
Marvi hai keh Allah Tala ne Daood عليه السلام ki taraf Wahi ki : Daood ! Yateem kay liye Raheem baap ki taraf aur bewah kay liye Shafeeq khawand ki tarah hoja. Jaan le, jaisa bouge waisa katoge, is kay ma’ani hai keh jaisa tum karoge waisa hi tumhare sath kiya jaega, ya’ani ye tou zaroori hai keh tum ne faut hona hai aur apne peeche yateem bacha ya bewah aurat chor jana hai. Daood عليه السلام ne apni manajat mein arz kiya: Mere mabood! Jo shakhs teri raza ki khatir yateem aur bewah ki madad karta hai, us ki jaza kia hai?
Allah ne farmaya: “us ki jaza ye hai keh main is ko us roz apne saae mein jaga atta karonga, jab mere saae kay siwa koi saya nahi hoga, is se murad hai keh Qayamat kay din apne arsh kay saae mein jaga donga.
Ba’az Ulma yateemon aur bewah auraton kay sath ahsaan karne ki fazilat kay bare mein bayan hua hai keh aik shakhs ne balad ajam mein se balkh shehr mein qayam kiya, us ki biwi ulwiya thi aur ussi se betiyan bhi thi, wo khawand bohat khushaal Zindagi basar kar raha tha. Pas khawand faut hogaya tou us kay ba’ad aurat aur us ki betiyan faqr o qillat se do chaar hogae, tou wo dushmanon kay khush hone kay andeshe se apni betiyon kay sath kisi dosre mulk kay liye rawana hoi. Us ne apne safar ka aghaz sakht sardi mein kiya, jab wo us shehr mein puhnchi tou us ne apni betiyon ko aik weeran masjid mein bithaya aur khud un kay liye khoorak ka intzaam karne kay liye chali gai. Wo do giroohon kay pas se guzri, aik girooh aik Musalman shakhs kay pas jam’a tha aur wo shakhs shehr ka bara tha aur dosra girooh aik majoosi shakhs kay pas jam’a tha, jo shehr ka zamin aur zimemdar tha. Us Aurat ne Musalman shakhs se ibtida ki aur usse
Apne halaat se agah kiya aur bataya keh main aik ulowi Aurat hon, mere sath yateem betiyan hain, main ne unhe aik ghair Abad masjid mein bithaya hai aur main un kay liye raat ka khana chahti hon. Us ne kaha: mujhe suboot pesh karo keh tum aik ulowi Shareef zaadi ho, us ne kaha: main tou aik pardesi khatoon hon, shehr mein tou koi bhi aisa nahi jo mujhe janta pehchanta ho. Pas us shakhs ne us khatoon se munh muur liya. Tou wo shikasta dil hokar us se chal pari. Phir wo us majoosi shakhs kay pas gai aur usse apne halaat batae aur usse bataya keh us kay sath yateem betiyan bhi hain aur wo aik Shareef zaadi pardesi aurat hai. Us ne Musalman bare kay sath jo kuch hua wo bhi usse bayan kiya. Pas wo khara hua aur apni ba’az khawatin ko bheja, wo us khatoon aur us ki betiyon ko us kay ghar le aen. Us ne unhe behtreen khana khilaya aur fakhirana libaas pehnaya. Unho ne kaha Naimat o izzat kay sath us kay sath us kay han raat basar ki. Bayan karte hain keh jab adhi raat hoi tou us Musalman shaikh ne khuwab mein dekha keh Qayamat qaim ho chuki hai, Nabi ﷺ kay sar kay pas jhanda laga diya gaya hai.
Sabz zamard ka mehl hai, jis kay kangare motiyon aur yaqoot kay hain, us kay gunbad motiyon aur marjaan kay hain. Us ne arz kiya, Allah kay Rasool! Ye mehl kis ka hai? Ap ne farmaya: “mouhid Musalman shakhs kay liye hai”. Us ne arz kiya, Allah kay Rasool! Main mouhid Musalman shakhs hon tou Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: mujhe suboot farahm karo keh tum mouhid Musalman ho”. Us par wo hairan pareshan hogaya. Ap ﷺ ne usse faramya: jab ulowia khatoon tere pas ati thi tou to ne kaha tha: mujhe suboot farahm karo keh tum ulow ho, is tarah tum bhi mujhe suboot mohya karo keh tum Musalman ho. Pas wo shakhs us khatoon ko khali hath lotane par gham zida hogaya. Phir wo us ka suraagh lagane kay liye shehr kay chakkar lagane laga, hatta keh usse bataya keh wo majoosi kay pas hai. Us ne usse paigham bheja, wo us kay pas aya tou us ne kaha: main tum se Shareef zaadi ulowia aur us ki betiyan lena chahta hon. Us ne kaha: main ye nahi kar sakta, mujhe tou un se bohat si barkaat hasil hoi hain. Us ne kaha: mujh se hazar denar le lo aur unhe mere hawale kar do. Us ne jawab diya. Main aise nahi karonga. Al Shaikh ne kaha: wo mujhe zaroor chahen, us par shakhs ne kaha: jo cheez tum chahte ho,
Kay hath kay neeche aane wale har baal kay badle mein us kay lie ek naiki hai aur jo shakhs apne Zaire kafalat yateem larke ya yateem larki se husne sulook kare tou main aur woh jannat mein is tarah honge ” [Ahmad]
Ek aadmi ne Abu Dardaa رضي الله عنه se kaha: mujhe koi wasiyyat karen, unhon ne kaha:
“Yateem par rehem mar, use apne qareeb karair apne khane se use khila, kyun keh main ne RasullAllah ﷺ ko suna, ek aadmi apki khidmat mein hazir hua tou us ne apni Dil ki sakhti kay muta’alliq shikayat ki tou RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya: agar tum chahte ho keh tumhara Dil naram hojae tou phir yateem ko apne qareeb karo, us kay sar par daste shafqat phero, apne khane se use khilao, pas ye cheez tumhare Dil ko naram kar degi aur tum apni hajat bar-awri par qadir hojaoge” [Tabri]
Ba’az salaf se hikayat bayan ki gai hai woh bayan karte hain: main shuru shuru mein ma’aasi aur sharab noshi ka rasia tha, aik roz main ne yateemo mohtaj bache ko hasil kia, usse acha sulook kia, use khana khilaya, libas pehnaya , use nehlaya , uski mail kuchail dur ki, us kay baalon ko sanwara jis tarah aadmi apne bache ki takreem karta hai uski takreem ki, balkeh usse bhi ziada, us kay ba’ad main rat ko soya tou khuwab mein dekha keh Qayamat qaaim ho chuki hai aur mujhe hisab kay lie bulaya gaya hai, mere gunahon aur bure kirdaron ki wajah se mujhe Jahannum raseed karne ka faisla suna dia gaya hai, Jahannum kay daroghe mujhe ghaseet rahe hain taakeh woh mujhe Jahannum ki taraf le jaen, main haqeero zaleel ki hesiat se un kay hathon mein hun aur woh mujhe ghaseet kar Jahannum ki taraf le ja rahe hain keh achanak woh yateem raste mein ajata hai aur kehta hai: mere Rabb kay farishton! Isko chor do hatta keh main is kay baare mein Rabb se sifarish kar lun kyun keh is ne mere Sath ehsan kia tha, aur Meri takreem ki thi, farishte kahenge : hamen iska hukum nahin dia gaya, itne mein Allah ta’ala ki taraf se awaz aegi: ise chor do , is ne yateem kay Sath Jo ehsan kia tha us kay badle mein yateem ne Main uska ziada haqdar hun, Tum ne jo mehel khuwab mein dekha hai, woh mere lie banaya gaya hai, kia Tum mujhe Islam kay muta’alliq batate ho? Allah ki Qasam! Main ne aur mere ehlo ayal ne rat sone se pehle hi is alwiah khatoon kay hath par Islam qubool kar lia tha aur jo kuch tum ne khuwab mein dekha hai wohi kuch main ne khuwab mein dekha hai aur RasullAllah ﷺ ne mujhe farmaya:
“Alwiah khatoon aur uski betian tere pas hain? Main ne arz kia: jee han Allah kay Rasul! Aap ne farmaya: woh mehel tere aur tere ehlo ayal kay lie hai, neez Tum aur tumhare ehle khana jannati ho, Allah ne azal hi se tumhen momin paida kia tha”
Bayan karte hain keh woh musalman is qadar ranjo gham kay Sath wapas hua keh uski kefiat ko bas Allah hi janta hai, Allah Tum par rehem kare! Bewah aur yateem bachion kay Sath husne sulook ki barkat aur us husne sulook karne wale ko Jo Dunia mein izzat mili uska mushahidah karo, isilie RasullAllah ﷺ se sabit hai keh aap ne farmaya:
“Bewah aur masakeen ki zaruraton ka khayal rakhne wala aur un kay lie tago-do karne Wala Allah ki raah mein jihad karne wale ki tarah hai” [Bukhari, Muslim]
Raawi bayan karte hain, Mera khayal hai keh aap ne farmaya:
“Woh us Qayam karne wale ki tarah hai jo susti aur kamzori nahin dikhata aur us rozedar ki tarah hai jo aftar nahin karta”
Allah ta’ala apne fazlo Karam se hamen bhi un kaamon ki taufeeq inayat farmae , kyun keh woh sakhi daata, fayyaz, bakhshne wala shafeeqo meherban hai.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Kabeerah Gunah”
Taleef: Shaikh Ul Islam Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī Rahimahullah.
Urdu Tarjumah: Abu Anas Muhammad Sarwar Gohar.
13. Wrong Consuming an Orphan’s Property
Allah, the Most High, says, {Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans eat up fire into their own bodies: they will soon be enduring a blazing fire.}
(Al-Nisa’: 10)
The Qur’an also states,
{Come not nigh to the orphan’s property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength.}
(Al-Imran: 152)
The Prophet (pbuh) said, “When I was taken up in Ascent (Mi’raj) I saw some men gapping their jaws under the coercion of other men. Then came another men who fed them stones of fire that penetrated their bodies and came out from their anus. I wondered: ‘Who are they, Gabriel?’ He replied, ‘They are those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans eat up a fire into their bodies.”¹
¹[Reported by Muslim]
It was related that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“Allah, Most High resurrected some people from their graves with fire flaming out from their bodies and burning their faces.” The Prophet was asked: ‘Who are they, Messenger of Allah?” He said,’ Allah, the Almighty says, {Those who unjustly will eat up the property of orphans eat up a fire into their own bodies: they will soon be enduring a blazing fire.}
(AI-Nisa’: 10)²
²[Reported by Ibn Hibban on the authority of Abu Bazrah but it has a weak transmission]
As-Sadiy, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “On the Day of Judgement, the one who appropriated an orphan’s property will be resurrected with the flames of fire coming out from his mouth, ears, nose and eyes. Therefore, he will be well-identified.” (Isma’il Ibn AbdelRahman As-Sadiy was accused of following the Shi’ah sect.)
Scholars said that there is no harm if a poor guardian of an orphan consumes some of his charge’s property without exceeding what is permissible as much as he disposes and improves his business affairs.What is in excess of the permissible is absolutely unlawful (Suht)? Allah, the Almighty says,
{If the guardian is well-off, let him claim no remuneration, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just, reasonable. When ye release their property then, take witnesses in their presence: But all-sufficient is Allah in taking account.}
(An-Nisa’: 6)
Reasonable consuming of an orphan’s property may be interpreted as: Intending the loan, fulfilling his own needs without excess, taking the wage of disposing or improving the orphan’s business or intending to return what he takes out of need, if he becomes prosperous. These different points of views are mentioned by Ibn AI-Jawziy in his Tafsir (exegesis)
“I and one who takes care of an orphan, will enter paradise together like this” and he raised his forefinger and middle finger jointly leaving no space between them (by way of illustration).”¹ [Bukhari]
“I and one who takes care of an orphan, whether related to him or a stranger, will be like these two in paradise;” and the narrator raised his forefinger and middle finger to illustrate this.”² [Muslim]
The guardianship of an orphan means to dispose his affairs: food, clothing and to improve his property if he has any. However, if he is poor, it is recommended to take care of him for the sake of Allah. In the aforementioned hadith, there is a reference that the orphan mayor may not be a relative as the Prophet says in the hadith: “related to him or a stranger”
The Prophet (pbuh) said, “Whoever receives an orphan from amongst the Muslims to feed and give him drink until Allah makes him prosperous, Allah will render the Paradise binding to him unless he commits an unforgivable sin.”³ [At-Tirmidhi]
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,”Whoever wipes over an orphan’s head for the sake of Allah, he will be rewarded for every hair he touched good deeds. Whoever has an orphan and treats him or her kindly, I and he will be in the Paradise like that (Then he combined his two fingers).”⁴
[⁴Reported by Ibn Hajar AI-Haithami Majma’ AI-Zawa’id]
Someone asked Abu Ad-Darda’ an advice. Thus he advised him saying, “Show mercy to the orphan,bring him nearer to you and feed him of what you eat. I heard Allah’s Messenger (pbuh), when a man asked him about the harshness of his heart, saying,
“If you want to soften your heart, then you should bring the orphan nearer, wipe over his head and feed him of what you eat. These surely will soften your heart and enable you to do what you need.” ⁵ [Baihaqi]
One of the early Muslims recounted, “I was at first used to committing sins and drinking wine. Then,one day I received a poor orphan. I was kind to him, fed him, gave him a bath and clothed him. I treated him as tenderly as a man does with his own son and more. Afterwards, I went to sleep I dreamt that it was the day of Judgement and I was called for reckoning. Then, I was to go to Hell for my sins. I was dragged by the angels of punishment to the Fire. Meanwhile, when I was being dragged to the Fire, the orphan blocked me and said, ‘O angels of my Lord, let him go. So as to intercede for him before Allah since he treated me kindly and honored me.’ But the angels said; ‘We were not commanded to do so.’ Then came the call of Allah, “Let him go. I forgave him because of the orphan’s intercession and the kind treatment he did with him. Then, I got up and repented to Allah the High Exalted. Later on, I kept on doing my best to show mercy to orphans.
The Prophet (pbuh) said,”The best of the houses is that which contains an orphan who is treated kindly and the worst of the houses is that which mistreats him. The most beloved one to Allah the Almighty is the one who offers a favor to an orphan or a widow.”¹ [¹Ibn Majah]
“Allah revealed to Dawud (pbuh): “0 Dawud! Be a loving father to the orphan, and a kind husband to the widow. Put into your account that the more you do the more you reap ²
[Reported by Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami in Majma’ AI-Zawa’id]
This means that whatever you do, you will find its consequences thereafter. For example, when you die and leave a child or a widow, thy will be treated in the same manner you treated others.
In his soliloquy, Dawud says, “O Allah! What is the recompense of whomever takes care of an orphan or a widow for Your Sake?” Allah answered, “He will be under the Shade of Mine when there will be no shade except Mine.” i.e., the shade of the Throne on the Day of Judgement.”
The following is another account that highlights the excellence of treating the orphan and the widow kindly. Once there was someone who belonged to the ‘Alowiyyin sect. He lived in Balkh (a Byzantine region) and had a wife and several daughters. They were living in luxury and prosperity. Then the husband died. His widow and daughters become so poor that they moved to another town to flee from the ghost of noticing their enemies rejoice at her misfortune. Having entered the town she resorted to a deserted mosque with her daughters. Then, she went out to bring them something to eat. She passed by two people, a Muslim and a magian.
She started by asking the Muslim and explained to him how she suffered a lot while she was an honored woman from the ‘Alawyyeen sect. But he asked her to show evidence. She said she was stranger.But, he did not pay attention to her. Then, she left feeling sad and again explained her case to magian and how she had four daughters who were orphans and in need. She recounted her story to a Muslim Sheikh.
The magian sent his ladies to bring her and daughters home. He fed them and clothed them well. They stayed with him in luxury and honor. At midnight, the Muslim who turned the woman away dreamt that it was the Day of Judgement. A banner was risen over the Prophet’s head. There was a palace of green emerald whose windows were of pearls and corundum and also had domes of pearls and corals. He then asked the Messenger of Allah: “Whose palace is it?” For a Muslim who believes in Allah, the One.’ O Allah’s Messenger I am a Muslim, the man said. But the prophet asked him to show the evidence that he was a Muslim.
The man was perplexed. Accordingly, the prophet said “When the ‘Alawiyya woman asked you, you asked her to show an evidence that she was Alawiy. Thus, show me evidence that you are Muslim. Then, the man got up sadly for repelling the woman. He started to search for her in the town until he found her in the Magian’s house. He asked him about the woman and her daughters, but the Magian refused and said many blessing were showered upon him because of them.
The man persisted to take them and even offered the Magian a thousand dinars but he refused again.
The Muslim said but I should take them. Then, the Magian said, what you want is mine and the palace which you saw in your dream was created for me. May you guide me to embrace Islam? By Allah, I did not sleep yesterday before my family and I embraced Islam at the hands of the woman. I had also the same dream. The Prophet asked me, “were the ‘Alawiy woman and her daughters in your house?” I said ‘yes’, Messenger Of Allah? He, then, said, the palace is for you and your family and all of you will enter Paradise. You were created a Muslim from the beginning of the creation. Then, the Muslim went away sadly.
Behold! How Allah blesses those who treat widows and orphans tenderly in this world.
“He who works hard an behalf of old women and the indigent, is like a Mujahid (a warrior) in the cause of Allah and the narrator thinks, he (pbuh) added, “and like the person standing in prayer and who never tires, and like one who observes the fast and does not break it.”¹ [Al-Bukhari]
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “MAJOR SINS” OF IMAM SHAMSU ED-DEEN DHAHABI.
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