06. Taqwaa [Piety]
6- باب التقوى
06. TAQWA KA BAYAN
قال الله تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ) (آل عمران: من الآية102) .
وقال تعالى: (فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ) (التغابن: من الآية16) ، وهذه الآية مبينة للمراد من الأولى.
وقال الله تعالى: (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلاً سَدِيداً) (الأحزاب: 70) ، والآيات في الأمر بالتقوى كثيرة معلومة،
وقال تعالى: (وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجاً) (وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لا يَحْتَسِبُ) (الطلاق: من الآية3، 2) ،
وقال تعالى: (إِنْ تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقَاناً وَيُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ) (لأنفال: من الآية29) ،
والآيات في الباب كثيرة ومعلومة.
Allah taala ne farmaya :” aye imaan walo! Allah se daro jaisa ke us se darnay ka haq hai.”
aur farmaya : ” Allah se daro jitni tum taaqat rakho. “
yeh doosri aayat pehli aayat ke mafhuum o morad ko wazeh kar rahi hai. ( yani kama huqqa darnay ka matlab Maqdoor bhar hai. )
Allah taala ne irshad farmaya :” aye imaan walo! Allah se daro aur seedhi aur durust baat kaho. “
aur taqwa ke hukum ke baray mein kasrat ke sath ayaat hain aur maloom hain.
neez farmaya :” jo Allah se darta hai Allah us ke liye niklny ka rasta aasaan kar deta hai aur us ko aisi jagah se rizaq deta hai jahan se us ko wahm o gumaan bhi nahi hota.”
aur farmaya : agar tum Allah se daro ge to woh tumhen ( haq o baatil ke darmiyan farq karne wali ( baseerat ) ataa farma day ga aur tum se tumhari buraiyan daur kar day ga aur tumhen bakhash day ga aur Allah taala bohat baday fazl wala hai.
aur is baab mein bakasrat ayaat hain aur maloom hain.
FAAIDAH AAYAT :
تقوىٰ وقاية :
se makhoz hai. ،وقایہ aisi cheez ko kaha jata hai jis se sar ko dhanpa jata hai. chunanchay har woh ahtiyat aur rawayya وقایہ wiqaaya hai jis ke zariye se un cheezon se bachna maqsood ho jo nuqsaan pohincha sakti hain. تقاة bhi isi ke ham maiena hai. is aitbaar se Allah ka taqwa yeh hai ke insaan us ke zariye se Allah ke azaab se bachney ki saei kere aur woh is terhan mumkin hai ke woh Allah ke hukmon ko ba jaa laye aur us ki mana kardah cheezon se baz rahay. mazkoorah ayaat mein qoul aur feal mein Allah ke taqwa ke iltizam ki takeed hai, neez usay Shadaid mein nijaat ka aur rizaq halal ke husool ka zareya bataya gaya hai. ilawa azein taqwa se dil aur dimagh mein aisi nooraniyat peda ho jati hai jis se haq aur baatil ka pehchanana aur un ke darmiyan tameez karna aasaan ho jata hai .
وأما الأحاديث :
(69)_ فالأول: عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قيل: يا رسول الله، من أكرم الناس؟ قال: ((أتقاهم)) فقالوا: ليس عن هذا نسألك، قال: ((فيوسف نبي الله ابن نبي الله ابن نبي الله ابن خليل الله)) قالوا: ليس عن هذا نسألك، قال ((فعن معادن العرب تسألوني؟ خيارهم في الجاهلية خيارهم في الإسلام إذا فقهوا)) . متفق عليه.
و ((فقهوا)) بضم القاف علي المشهور، وحكي كسرها، أي: اعلموا أحكام الشرع.
Aur is mauzo se mutaliq ahadees darj zail hain :
[ 69 ] Hazrat Abu Huraira (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) bayan karte hain ke Rasoolullah ( ﷺ ) se sawal kiya gaya ke logon mein sab se ziyada Muaziz kon hai? aap ( ﷺ ) ne farmaya : Jo un mein sab se ziyada Allah se darnay wala hai. unhon ne kaha : is ke baray ham aap se nahi poochh rahay hain. aap ( ﷺ ) ne farmaya :” phir Yousuf (عليه السلام) hain jo khud bhi Allah ke paighambar hain neez baap bhi paighambar dada bhi paighambar aur pardada bhi paighambar aur Allah ke khalil hain. “ unhon ne kaha : ham is ke mutaliq ( bhi ) nahi pooch rahay hain .
Aap ( ﷺ ) ne poochha : to kiya phir tum mujh se arab ke khandano ke mutaliq poochh rahay ho? ( to suno! ) un ke jo afraad jahliat mein behtar thay woh islam mein bhi behtar hain ( yani islam ne kisi ki dunewi Jah o mrtabat mein kami nahi ki hai bashart-e-kay woh deen ki samajh haasil kar len. ( Bukhari wa Muslim )
فقهوا:
mashhoor istemaal ke mutabiq” Qaaf ” ki paish ke sath hai jabkay ” Qaaf ki zair bhi manqool hai yani Ehkaam-e-Shariat ka ilm rakhen.
TAKHREEJ;
Sahih ul-Bukhari, ahadees ul- Anbiya, Bab; وَ اتَّخَذَ اللّٰہُ اِبۡرٰهِیۡمَ خَلِیۡلًا
Hadees : 3353, wa Sahih Muslim, al-fazayil, Bab min fazayil Yousuf, Hadees: 2378)
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
1- Is se maloom huwa ke jo khandan islam se qabal dunewi Shurf wa fazl aur apni imtiazi khususiyaat, maslan : sakhavat, shuja’at, sadaqat waghera mein mumtaz thay, qubool islam ke baad un ke aizaz o Ikram ko nazar andaaz nahi kiya gaya balkay usay deen ke ilm aur amal ke sath mashroot kar diya gaya aur un ki salahiyaton aur khud daari waghera Awsaf Hamida ka rukh badal diya gaya, pehlay yeh salahiyaten kufar ke liye istemaal hoti theen, ab islam ke liye waqf kar di gayeen.
2- Islam ne agar chay hasb o nasb aur khandani Shurf ka lehaaz rakha hai lekin usay miyaar izzat qarar nahi diya. izzat ka miyaar Allah ke taqwa ko qarar diya ke jo shakhs jis qader ziyada mut-taqi hai woh ziyada baa izzat hai. haan agar is ke sath sath is ka khandani Shurf bhi hai to yeh aik zayed cheez hai jis ki qader ki jaye gi. yehi wajah hai ke Rasool Akram ( ﷺ ) ne syedna Osama bin Zaid (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا) ko Kibbar aur Muaziz sahaba ki mojoodgi mein commander muqarrar kiya .
70_ الثاني: عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم قال: ((إن الدنيا حلوة خضرة، وان الله مستخلفكم فيها فينظر كيف تعملون، فاتقوا الدنيا واتقوا النساء، فان أول فتنة بني إسرائيل كانت في النساء)) رواه مسلم.
[ 70 ] Hazrat Abu Saeed (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke Nabi Kareem ( ﷺ ) ne farmaya :” be shak duniya Shereen aur shadaab ( sarsabz ) hai, bila-shuba Allah taala is mein tumhen jan-nasheen bananay wala hai chunanchay woh dekhe ga ke tum kaisay kaam karte ho. tum ( agar kamyaab hona chahtay ho to ) duniya ( ke dhauke ) se bachcho aur aurton ( ke ftne mein mubtala honay ) se bachcho kyunkay Bani Israeel ki pehli azmaish aurton hi ke baray mein thi. ( Muslim )
TAKHREEJ:
[70] Sahih Muslim, alraqaqi, bab aksar Ahl il janat wa aksar ahl-in-naar , Hadees: 2742
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
1- Jis terhan tar o tazah phal, zaiqay mein meetha aur dekhnay mein khush rang aur dilon ko lubhaney wala hota hai, yehi haal duniya ke maal-o-asbaab ka hai insaan ko ye bohat Marghoob hain aur dil un ki taraf khenchte hain aur duniya ka lziz tareen aur khatar naak tareen phal aurat hai. jo shakhs ehkaam Shariat se be parwa ho kar duniya ka taalib aur aurat ki taraf maayil ho ga, samajh lo ke us ka deen o imaan khatray mein hai aur jo Shariat ke dairay mein rehtay hue un se istifada wa istimtaa kere ga woh un ki hashar samaniyon aur ghaarat giri se mehfooz rahay ga.
2- Is aazmaish mein kamyabi ka raaz taqwa hai kyunkay halal o haraam ki tameez ka daroo madaar taqwa par hai. agar dil taqwa aur Allah ki Azmat o Waqar se khaali hai to la-mu’halah wahan par maal o doulat ghar kar jaye gi.
3- Aurat har soorat mein insaan ke liye aazmaish hai. maa hai to us ke haqooq aur farmabardari mein kotahi ho jaye to insaan ki nijaat mashkook ho jati hai. beti aur behan hai to is ki parwarish bohat badi aazmaish hai aur agar biwi hai naik hai to Khair-ul-Mataa hai aur agar bad ikhlaq hai to insaan ki zindagi ajeeran ban jati hai. aur ghair Mehram aurton ka fitnah kisi se makhfi nahi. un tamam sooraton mein taqwa hi insaan ka mumid o Muawin ho sakta hai .
71_ الثالث: عن أبي مسعود رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم كان يقول: اللهم إني أسألك الهدي والتقي، والعفاف والغني)) رواه مسلم
( 71 ) Hazrat Ibn Masood (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke Nabi ( ﷺ )ye dua farmaya karte thay:
{ اللهم إنی أسْألك الْهدى والتقى والعفاف والغنى”}
Aye Allah ! main tujh se hidaayat parhaizgari ( taqwa ), pak damni aur ( logon se ) be nayazi ka sawal karta hon. ( Muslim )
TAKHREEJ:
Sahih Muslim, al-zikr wad-duaa’ wal tawbat wal,iastighfaru, Bab fi al’adiyaat, Hadees : 2721
FAAIDAH;
Hidaayat ka matlab hai : zindagi ke har maud par sahih rahnumai aur deen badli par istiqamat, taqwa aur Allah ka dar jo neki ka sab se ahem sabab aur gunahon se bachney ka aik bada zareya hai. عفاف (Ifaf) ( pak damni ) ka matlab hai jo cheeze halal nahi hain un se daman bacha kar rakhna. غنىٰ Ghina, فقر faqar ki zid hai. murad ghinaay e nafs hai yani logon se aur logon ke paas jo kuchh hai un se be niaz rehna. is lehaaz se yeh badi jame aur nihayat mufeed dua hai .
72_ الرابع: عن أبي طريف عدي بن حاتم الطائي رضي الله عنه قال: سمعت رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم يقول: ((من حلف علي يمين، ثم رأٰى أتقي الله منها فليأت التقوى )).
رواه مسلم.
(72)_ Hazrat Abu Tarif Adi bin Hatim Taayi (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke main ne Rasoolullah ( ﷺ ) ko farmatay suna :” jo shakhs kisi baat par qasam khaye, phir is se ziyada par’hez’gari wali baat dekhe to us ko chahiye ke woh par’hez’gari wala amal ikhtiyar kere. ( Muslim )
TAKHREEJ:
Sahih Muslim, al-ayman, Bab nadab man halaf yaminan fara’aa ghayraha khyraan minha, hadees: 1651
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
(1)_ Is mein taqwa ke iltazam ki takeed hai hatta ke agar kisi ne kisi masiat par qasam bhi khalee hai to qasam taud kar us ka kaffara ada kere aur masiat ka ya khilaaf taqwa kaam ka irtikaab nah kere.
2_ Haraam kaam ke irtikaab karne ki qasam todna wajib aur zaroori hai. is qasam ke mutabiq amal najaaiz aur haraam hai. aur agar tum kisi aisay kaam ke nah karne ke baray mein uthai hai ke us ka karna aur nah karna dono umoor jaaiz hon aur phir baad mein us ke karne mein behtari mehsoos ho aur woh taqwa ke ziyada qareeb ho to qasam ka kaffara ada kar ke woh kaam karna afzal hai.
RAVI HADEES :
HAZRAT ABU TARIF ADI BIN HATIM TAAYI (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) : Adi bin Hatim bin Abdullah bin Saad Taayi . kuniat Abu Tarif hai. Baap ki terhan sakhavat mein zarb-ul-misal thay. 7 hijri ko shabaan ke mahinay mein wafad ki soorat mein Nabi ( ﷺ ) ke paas tashreef laaye aur islam qubool kar liya. jab qabail ko’histan aur deegar ne irtdaad ka elaan kiya aur Ada-ye-Zakat se munkir ho gaye us waqt bhi yeh saabit qadam rahay aur Hazrat Seddiq Akbar (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ke paas sab se pehli pehli Zakat Adi bin Hatim aur un ki qaum ki pohanchi thi. fatah mdayn mein haazir thay. Hazrat Ali (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ki mayat mein jaanghein laden. Jang-e-Jamal ke mauqa par un ki aik aankh zaaya ho gayi thi. 120 baras ki zindagi pa kar 67 ya 68 hijri mein faut hue. Hadees ki kitabon mein un se 66 ahadees marwi hain .
73_ الخامس: عن أبي أمامة صدي بن عجلان الباهي رضي الله عنه قال: سمعت رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم يخطب في حجة الوداع فقال: ((اتقوا الله، وصلوا خمسكم، وصوموا شهركم، وأدوا زكاة أموالكم، وأطيعوا أمراءكم، تدخلوا جنة ربكم))
رواه الترمذي، في آخر كتاب الصلاة، وقال: حديث حسن صحيح .
[73] – Hazrat Abu Umama sudayi bin Ajlan Al-Bahili (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) kehte hain : main ne Rasoolullah ( ﷺ ) ko farmatay hue suna : aap ( ﷺ ) Hajja-tul-Wadah ’ ke mauqa par khutba irshad farma rahay thay aap ( ﷺ ) ne farmaya : Allah se daro, apni paanchon ( farz ) namazein ada karo, apne ( ramadaan ke ) mahinay ke rozay rakho, apne malon ki Zakat ada karo aur apne hakimon ki itaat karo tum apne Rab ki jannat mein daakhil ho jao ge.”
(Imam Tirmizi ne usay : kitab us Salah ke aakhir mein riwayat kiya hai aur kaha hai : yeh Hadees Hasan Sahih hai.)
TAKHREEJ;
Jamie ut Tirmizi, al-jumuaa . Bab: ma zukira fi fazlis-salati, Hadees: 616).
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
1_ وداع ، توديع ( الوداع )
se hai. yeh Nabi ﷺ ka aakhri hajj tha. is mein aap ne logon ko alvadah kiya tha, is liye usay Hujja-tal-wadah kaha jata hai. hukkaam waqt ki itaat ki yaqeenan takeed hai lekin woh mashroot hai yani jab tak woh Allah ki masiat ka hukum nah den, isi terhan un se kufar Sarih ka izhaar nah ho. un mein se koi aik baat bhi hogi to un ki itaat zaroori nahi hogi.
2_ Allah taala ka dar hi insaan ko raah raast par rakhta hai. is ki isi ahmiyat ke paish e nazar Rasool Akram ﷺ ne apne Hajjat-ul-wadah ke khtbe mein bhi is ki targheeb dilaye, neez namaz aur rozay jaisay arkaan islam se bhi usay muqaddam rakha .
RAVI HADEES :
[HAZRAT ABU UMAMA SUDAYI BIN AJLAN (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ] : Sudayi bin Ajlan bin Wahab Bahili. kuniat hai. Abu Umama mein
“ hamza ” par Zamma hai. Qabeela Bahilah ki taraf nisbat ki wajah se Bahili kehlate hain. un ka naam Sudayi ( Tasgheer ke sath ) hai. yeh Kaseer-ur-Riwayah sahaba karaam (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ) mein se hain. Misar mein sukoonat ikhtiyar ki, phir Hamas ko apni jaye rahaish banaya. Jang-e-Sifeen mein Hazrat Ali (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ke sath thay. arz hamas mein 81 ya 86 hijri ko wafaat payi. Shaam mein wafaat panay walon mein sab se aakhri Sahabi yahi hain. kutub ahadees mein un se 250 ahadees marwi hain .
REFERENCE:
BOOK: Riyaz us Saliheen(Urdu)
Taleef: Imam Nawawi Rahimahullah.
Urdu Tarjumah aur Fawaid: Hafiz Salah Uddin Yusuf.
Chapter 6
Piety
Allah, the Exalted, says:
“O you who believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared”. (3:102)
“So, keep your duty to Allah and fear Him as much as you can…” (64:16)
This second Verse explains the meaning of the first one.
“O you who believe! Keep your duty to Allah and fear Him, and speak (always) the truth”. (33:70)
“… And whosoever fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine…” (65:2,3)
“If you obey and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan [(a criterion to judge between right and wrong), or (Makhraj, i.e., a way for you to get out from every difficulty)], and will expiate for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is the Owner of the great bounty”. (8:29)
- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: It was asked, “O Messenger of Allah! Who is the most honourable amongst mankind?” He (PBUH) said, “The most honourable of them is one who is the most pious of them.” They said, “We are not asking about this”. He said, “Then, the most honourable of men was Yusuf (Joseph), the Prophet of Allah, the son of Allah’s Prophet, who was the son of the Prophet of Allah, who was the son of the Khalil of Allah (i.e., Ibrahim (PBUH))’ They said, “We are not asking you about this.” He enquired, “Are you then asking me about the classes of the Arabs? The best of them in the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance are the best of them in Islam, provided they comprehend the religious knowledge”.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: We come to know from this Hadith that the families which enjoyed popularity and prestige for their eminent qualities (like generosity, chivalry, honesty, etc.) in the pre-Islamic period were also credited for these values after their acceptance of Islam. But now their respect was qualified with their religious knowledge and practice. Their capabilities, self-respect and other qualities were turned towards a different direction. These qualities which were previously used for paganism were now devoted for Islam.
- Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “The life of the world is sweet and green. Allah makes you generations succeeding one another so that He may try you in respect of your actions. So beware of the beguilements of the world and those of women. The first trial of Banu Israel was through women”.
[Muslim].
Commentary: Wealth and property of this world are favourites of everyone like the fresh fruit which is sweet, delicious and attractive for all. Everyone likes them and is attracted towards them. The most delicious fruit of this world is woman but at the same time it is the most baneful. One who inclines towards wealth and women and ignores the Islamic legal injunctions, has at stake both his Deen and Faith; and one who benefits from them keeping oneself within the bounds of Islam, would be safe from their ruinous effects.
- `Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (PBUH) used to say: “Allahumma inni as’alukal-huda wat-tuqa wal-`afafa wal-ghina (O Allah! I ask You for guidance, piety, chastity and self-sufficiency)”.
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith contains four words, the meanings and implications of which constitute its essence. These words are guidance, piety (fear of Allah), chastity and sufficiency. Guidance here means guidance at every turn of life and steadfastness on the path of truth. Fear of Allah is the greatest means of piety and strongest defense against sins. Chastity is the state of being free from what is unlawful. Self-sufficiency is the antonym of poverty and here it means the self-contentment. What it implies is that one should not care for what people possess. In view of all these qualities, the prayer of the Prophet (PBUH) mentioned in this Hadith is very comprehensive and valuable.
- `Adi bin Hatim At-Ta’i (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) say: “He who has taken an oath (to do something) but found something else better than that (which brings him closer to Allah), then he should do that which is better in piety (and he should expiate for the breaking of oath)”.
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith emphasizes the importance of having the fear of Allah. So much so that if somebody has made a vow to commit some sin he should break it, arrange for its expiation and keep himself away from that sin or any other act that contravenes the fear of Allah.
- Abu Umamah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) during the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage saying, “Be mindful of your duty to Allah; perform your five daily Salat, observe Saum during the month (of Ramadan) , pay the Zakat on your properties and obey your leaders; (if you do so) you will enter the Jannah of your Rubb”.
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: The word Wada`, means to say farewell. The Farewell Pilgrimage was the last pilgrimage, the Prophet (PBUH) performed, and on this occasion he bade farewell to the people and for this reason it came to be known as Hajjat-ul-Wada`. Obedience of the rulers is stressed but it is conditional, that is to say, they are to be obeyed only if their orders are not against the injunctions of Allah. Similarly, their obedience is obligatory till such time that they do not do anything which amounts to open disbelief. If any of these two things occurs, then no obedience would be due to them.
REFERENCE:
BOOK: Riyadh ul Saaliheen