23. Naiki ka hukm dena aur Burai se rokna [Enjoining Good and forbidding Evil]
23- باب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر.
23. NEKI KA HUKUM DAINAY AUR BURAIEE SE ROKNAY KA BAYAN
قال الله تعالى: (وَلْتَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أُمَّةٌ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ) (آل عمران: 104) ،
وقال تعالى: (كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ) (آل عمران: 110) ،
وقال تعالي:) خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ) (لأعراف: 199)
وقال تعالى: (وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَر) (التوبة: 71) ،
وقال تعالى: (لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرائيلَ عَلَى لِسَانِ دَاوُدَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ذَلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ) (كَانُوا لا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ) (المائدة: 78-79)
وقال تعالى (وَقُلِ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِنْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ) (الكهف: 29) ،
وقال تعالى: (فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ) (الحجر: 94) ،
وقال تعالى: (أَنْجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ السُّوءِ وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ) (لأعراف: 165) ،
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة.-.
Allah taala ne farmaya :” aur tum mein se aik giroh hona chahiye jo bhalai ki taraf bulaye, neki ka hukum day aur Buraiee se rokay aur yehi log kamyaab hain.
aur Allah taala ne farmaya : tum behtareen ummat ho jinhen logon ( ki hadaayat ) ke liye nikala gaya hai tum neki ka hukum dete aur buraiee se roktay ho .
aur Allah taala ne farmaya :” ( ae paighambar! ) Afoo o dar guzar ikhtiyar kar neki ka hukum day aur jahilon se aaraaz kar. “
aur Allah taala ne farmaya :” Momin mard aur Momin aurtain aik dosray ke dost hain. neki ka hukum dete aur buraiee se roktay hain .
aur Allah taala ne farmaya : ”Bani Israel ke kafiroon par Hazrat Dawod aur Eesa Ibn Maryam (عليهم السلام) ki zabani laanat ki gayi yeh is sabab se ke unhon ne nafarmani ki aur woh had se guzar jane walay thay. woh aik dosray ko un buraiyon se nahi roktay thay jin ka woh irtikaab karte thay, Albata bohat bura tha jo woh karte thay. “
aur Allah taala ne farmaya :” ae Nabi! ) keh day! haq tumhare Rab ki taraf se hai, chunancha jo chahay Imaan laaye aur jo chahay kufar kere. “
aur Allah taala ne farmaya :” ( ae paighambar! ) jis cheez ka tujhe hukum diya jata hai usay khol kar bayan kar day .
aur farmaya Allah taala ne : ” ham ne un logon ko nijaat di jo buraiee se roktay thay aur zaalimon ki sakht azaab ke sath girift ki ba sabab us ke jo woh nafarmani karte thay. “
is baab mein aur bhi bohat si ayaat hain aur maloom hain .
187- الرابع: عن النعمان بن بشيرٍ رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله لعيه وسلم قال: ” مثل القائم في حدود الله، والواقع فيها كمثل قومٍ استهموا على سفينة، فصار بعضهم أعلاها وبعضهم أسفلها، وكان الذين في أسفها إذا استقوا من الماء مروا على من فوقهم فقالوا: لو أنا خرقنا في نصيبنا خرقاً ولم نؤذ من فوقنا، فإن تركوهم وما أرادوا هلكوا جميعاً، وإن أخذوا على أيديهم نجوا ونجوا جميعاً ” رواه البخاري”.
[الْقَائِمُ فِي حُدُودِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى]، مَعْنَاهُ : الْمُنْكِرُ
لَهَا ، اَلْقَائِمُ فِي دَفْعِهَا وَإِزالَتِهَا ، وَالْمُرَادُ [بِالْحُدُودِ ]: مَا نَهَى اللهُ عَنْهُ. [اِسْتَهَمُوا ]: اقْتَرَعُوا .
(187) Hazrat Nouman bin Basheer (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai , Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya :” us shakhs ki misaal jo Allah ki hudood ko qaim karne wala hai aur us ki jo un hadon mein mubtala honay ( unhein pamaal karne wala hai un logon ki terhan hai ( jo aik kashti par sawaar hue ), unhon ne kashti ke oopar ( aur neechay walay hisson ke liye ) quraa andazi ki. chunanchay un mein se baaz is ki balai manzil par aur baaz nichli manzil par baith gaye. nichli manzil walon ko jab pani lainay ki talabb hoti to woh oopar atay aur baala nasheenon par se guzarte ( jo unhein nagawaar guzarta ). chunanchay nichli manzil walon ne socha ke agar ham apne ( nichale ) hissay mein sorakh kar len ( taa ke oopar jane ki bajaye sorakh hi se pani le len ) aur apne oopar walon ko takleef nah den ( to kiya achha ho ). aur oopar walay neechay walon ko un ke is iraday samait chode den unhein sorakh karne se nah rokain aur woh sorakh kar len ) to sab ke sab halaak ho jayen ge ( kiyun-kay sorakh ke hotay hi saari kashti mein pani jama ho jaye ga jis se kashti tamam musafiron samait gharaq aabb ho jaye gi ). aur agar woh un ke hathon ko pakad len ge ( sorakh nahi karne den ge ) to woh khud bhi aur dosray tamam musafir bhi bach jayen ge. “
( Bukhari )
Allah ki hadon ko qaim karne walay ka matlab hai : Allah ki mana ki hui cheezon ka inkaar karne wala aur un ke azaala o rafa ki koshish karne wala. hudood se morad hai Allah ki mana kardah cheeze.
استهموا
ke maienay hain : unhon ne quraa andazi ki .
TAKHREEJ:
Sahih ul-Bukhari, al shirkat, bab hal Yaqraa fil qismat, Hadees: 2493.
FAAIDAH :
Is se maloom huwa ke islami muashray mein munkarat ke irtikaab ke nataij, murtakibeen ki zaat tak mehdood nahi rehtay balkay un ke asraat bad poooray muashray ko bhugatnay padte hain is liye muashray ko tabahi se bachanay ke liye zaroori hai ke fisq o Fajoor ka irtikaab karne walon ko Allah ki nafarmani karne se roka jaye. agar aisa nahi kiya jaye ga to sara muashra
azaab ellahi ki girift mein aa sakta hai.
RAVI HADEES :
HAZRAT NOUMAN BIN BASHEER (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ): Noman bin Basheer bin Saaliba bin Saad bin khallas Ansari Khazraji. un ki kuniat Abu Abdullah hai. un ke Waalid aur Walida dono Shurf Sahabiyaat se behra war hain. hijrat ke 14 ween mah peda hue aur Ansar Madinah mein se honay ki wajah se Ansari aur Madni kehlaye. Shaam mein rahaish Pazeer rahay. Muawiyah ki taraf se unhein pehlay konay ka phir baad mein Hummus ka wali aur governor muqarrar kiya gaya. 64 hijri mein Rahit ke din Khalid bin khali kalayi ke hathon shaheed hue. kutub ahadees mein un ki Marviyat ki tadaad 114 batayi jati hai .
190- السابع: عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: ”إياكم والجلوس في الطرقات” فقالوا : يا رسول الله ! ما لنا من مجالسنا بدّ؛ نتحدث فيها! فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ”فإذا أبيتم إلا المجلس فأعطوا الطريق حقه “ قالوا: وما حق الطريق يا رسول الله!؟ قال: ”غض البصر، وكف الأذى، ورد السلام، والأمر بالمعروف ، والنهي عن المنكر” ((متفق عليه)) .
( 190 ) Hazrat Abu Saeed Khudri (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya :” tum raastoon mein bethnay se bachcho. Sahaba ne arz kiya : aye Allah ke Rasool! hamaray liye un majlisoon ke baghair charah nahi, ham wahan baith kar baatein karte hain. Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya :” agar tum ne wahan zaroor baithna hi hai to tum rastay ko is ka haq do. Sahaba ne kaha : aye Allah ke Rasool! rastay ka haq kiya hai? aap ( ﷺ ) ne farmaya : nigehain neechi rakhna takleef dah cheeze rastay se hata dena ( ya khud takleef pohanchanay se baz rehna ) salam ka jawab dena neki ki Talqeen karna aur buraiee se rokna. ( Bukhari-o-Muslim )
TAKHREEJ :
Sahih ul-Bukhari,al istezaan, Bab qaulillahi taala :
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا…
Hadees :6229
Sahih Muslim, al libaas waz Zeenat, baab al Nahiyi an juloos fit turuqat….., Hadees :2121
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
1- Is se maloom huwa ke aam rastay aur sarkain jo logon ki guzar gahain hon, un par aisay andaaz se baithna ke jin se anay jane walay mardon aur aurton ko takleef ho, jaaiz nahi hai aur jab sirf baithna hi jaaiz nahi hai to phir un par tajawazat qaim kar ke ya shadi bayah ke mauqaon par un ko band kar ke hazaron logon ko pareshan karna kiyun kar jaaiz ho sakta hai jo bad qismati se hamaray muluk mein aam hai.
2- Taham agar aisa karna na guzeer ho to phir mazkoorah aadaab-o-sharait ke sath is ka juwaz ho ga. is ke mazeed kuchh aur aadaab deegar ahadees mein bayan kiye gaye hain, Maslan : achhi guftagu karna, koi ziyada boojh lade huye ja raha ho to us ki madad karna, mazloom aur museebat zada ke sath taawun karna, bhatkay huye ki rahnumai karna, chheenk-nay walay ki chheenk ka jawab dena waghera .
191- الثامن : عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رأى خاتمًا من ذهب في يد رجل، فنزعه فطرحه وقال: “ يعمد أحدكم ، إلى جمرة من نار فيجعلها في يده !” فقيل للرجل بعد ما ذهب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : خذ خاتمك؛ إنتفع به. قال: لا ، والله! لا آخذه أبدًا، وقد طرحه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. ((رواه مسلم)).
[ 191 ] Hazrat Ibn Abbas (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا) se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne aik aadmi ke haath mein sonay ki angothi dekhi to aap ne usay utaar kar pheink diya aur farmaya : ” tum mein se 1 shakhs aag ke angare ka iradah karta hai aur usay apne haath mein rakh laita hai! aap ( ﷺ ) ne is angothi ko angara qarar diya jo haath mein rakha gaya. ) Rasoolullah ﷺ ke jane ke baad us aadmi se kaha gaya : apni angothi pakad lo aur is ( ko baich kar is ) se faida utha lo! us ne jawab diya : nahi, Allah ki qasam! main is cheez ko kabhi nahi lon ga jisay Rasoolullah ﷺ ne pheink diya. ( Muslim )
TAKHREEJ :
Sahih Muslim,al libaas waz Zeenat, Bab tahreem khatamiz zahabi alar rijaali….., Hadees:2090
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
1- Is se maloom huwa ke mardon ke liye jis terhan sonay ka zewar haraam hai isi terhan aik angothi pehnana bhi haraam aur kabeera gunah hai. lekin bad qismati se aaj kal mangni ki khud sakhta rasam mein mardon ko sonay ki angothi dainay ka aam rivaaj hai aur mard usay baday fakhar se pehante hain. yeh rivaaj nihayat khatarnaak hai, usay bilkul khatam kar dena chahiye. (1- )awwal to mangni ke mauqa par lainay dainay aur badi badi dawton ka ihtimaam khuwa makhuwa ka boojh aur takallouf hai jo shar’an mehal nazar hai phir haraam cheezon ka lena dena to is par mazeed zulum aur banaye fasid Alal fasid hai. Allah taala is Musalman qoum ko hadaayat naseeb farmaiye. is mein Sahaba Karaam (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ) ke jazba Itaat-e-Rasool ka jo namona hai woh bhi be-misaal hai .
(188)- الخامس: عن أم المؤمنين أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية حذيفة رضي الله عنها، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: ” إنه يستعمل عليكم أمراءُ فتعرفون وتنكرون فمن كره فقد برئ، ومن أنكر فقد سلم، ولكن من رضي وتاب، “ قالوا: يا رسول الله ألا نقاتلهم؟ قال: ”لا ، الإمام أقاموا فيكم الصلاة” ((رواه مسلم)).
مَعْنَاهُ : مَنْ كَرِهَ بِقَلْبِهِ وَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ إِنْكَارًا بِيَدٍ وَلَا لِسَانٍ، فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ، وَأَدَّى وَظِيفَتَهُ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ بِحَسَبِ طَاقَتِهِ فَقَدْ سَلِمَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ ، وَمَنْ رَضِيَ بِفِعْلِهِمْ وَتَابَعَهُمْ ، فَهُوَ الْعَاصِي .
[ 188 ] Umm-ul-Momineen Hazrat Umm-e-Salma Hind Bint Abi Umaia Huzaifah (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا) se riwayat hai Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaya :” yaqeenan tum par anqareeb aisay log hukmaran banaye jayen ge jin ( ke kuchh kamon ) ko tum pasand karo ge aur kuchh ko napasand. chunanchay jis ne ( un ke buray kamon ko ) bura samjha, woh bari ho gaya, jis ne inkaar kiya ( naqad kiya ) woh bach gaya, lekin jo raazi huwa aur un ki pairwi ki ( woh halaak ho gaya ). Sahaba Karaam (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ) ne arz kiya : aye Allah ke Rasool! kiya ham aisay hukmraanon se qitaal nah karen? aap ne farmaya :” nahi , jab tak woh tumhare andar namaz ko qaim rakhen”. ( Muslim )
Is ke maienay hain : jis ne dil se bura samjha aur us ke paas haath ya zabaan se inkaar ki taaqat nahi thi, to woh gunah se bari ho gaya aur apna farz ada kar diya. aur jis ne apni taaqat ke mutabiq inkaar kiya woh is maesiat se bach gaya aur jo un
ke feal par raazi huwa aur un ki mutabiat ki to woh gunah gaar hai.
TAKHREEJ :
Sahih Muslim, al imaarati, Bab wujoob il inkaar alaal umarai fimaa yukhtalif il shari , Hadees: 1854 .
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
1- Muslim hukmraanon ki itaat ko namaz ke sath mashroot kar ke is amar ki wazahat farma di ke namaz hi kufar aur islam ke darmiyan farq karne wali cheez hai.
2- agar taaqat ho to hukmraanon ko buraiee se zaroor roke, basorat deegar dil se bura jane. buraiee mein un ke sath shirkat-o-raza mandi nihayat khatarnaak hai. is lehaaz se aaj kal siyasi partiyon mein shirkat bohat khatarnaak muamla hai kyunkay yeh partiyan jab Iqtidaar mein aati hain to party mimbraan ko un ke har achhay buray kaam mein un ki hamnawai aur mutabiat karni padtee hai .
189- السادس: عن أم المؤمنين أم الحكم زينب بنت جحش رضي الله عنها أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم دخل عليها فزعا يقول: ”لا إله إلا الله، ويل للعرب من شر قد اقترب، فتح اليوم من ردم يأجوج ومأجوج مثل هذه“_ وحلق بأصبعيه الإبهام والتي تليها. فقلت: يا رسول الله أنهلك وفينا الصالحون!؟ قال: ”نعم إذا كثر الخبث” ((متفق عليه)) .
( 189 ) Umm-ul-Momineen Umm Hakam Zainab Bint Jahash (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا) se riwayat hai ke Nabi ﷺ ( aik roz ) un ke paas bade ghabraye hue tashreef laaye. aap ﷺ ki zabaan par yeh kalmaat thay : “ Allah ke siwa koi mabood nahi. Arboon ke liye is shar ki wajah se halakat hai jo qareeb aa gaya hai. aaj Yajooj-o-Majooj ki deewar se itna hissa khol diya gaya hai. aur aap ( ﷺ ) ne apni do unguliyoon( angothay aur is ke sath wali ungli ) se halqa bana kar dekhaya. main ne kaha :” aye Allah ke Rasool! kiya ham halak ho jayen ge jab ke hamaray andar naik log bhi hon ge? aap ( ﷺ ) ne farmaya : “ haan jab buraiee aam ho jaye ( to phir naik bhi badoon ki saf mein shumaar kar liye jatay hain. ( Bukhari-o-Muslim )
TAKHREEJ :
Sahih ul-Bukhari, ahaadisul Anbiya, Bab qissat yajoojmajooj…, Hadees :3346
Sahih Muslim, al fitan wa ashrabati saati, Bab iqtiraabil fitan wa fatih radmi Yajooj-o-Majooj, Hadees :2880
FAAIDAH :
Is mein bhi fisq-o-fajoor aur masiat ki nahosat ka bayan hai ke jab buraiee aur masiat aam ho jaye to phir baaz naik logon ke bawajood us qoum ko halaak kar diya jata hai taham naik logon ne ahqaaq-e-haq aur ibtaal-e-baatil ka fareeza sar-anjaam diya hoga to qayamat walay din yeh buraiee ka irtikaab karne walon se allag hon ge. is mein
انكار على المعاصي
(Inkaar alal maasi ) ki targheeb hai.
RAVI HADEES :
UMM-UL-MOMINEEN UMM HAKAM ZAINAB BINT JAHASH (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا): Umm-ul-Momineen Umm-ul-Hakam Zainab Bint Jahash bin Ra-aab al Asdiyah. Asad Khuzaima me sebhain. har qism ki tauseef-o-tareef se mustaghni hain. Zaid bin Harisa ki zojiat mein theen un ka naam Barrah tha. unhein Zaid ne Talaq day di to Nabi ﷺ ne un ko apni zojiat mein le liya. aur un ka naam Zainab tajweez kiya. 20 hijri ko faut huien. unhon ne Rasoolullah ﷺ se 11 Hadeesein riwayat ki hain .
192- التاسع: عن أبي سعيد الحسن البصري، أن عائذ بن عمرو رضي الله عنه، دخل على عبيد الله بن زياد، فقال: أي بنيّ، إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: ”إن شر الرعاء الحطمة” فإيّاك أن تكون منهم! فقال له : إجلس فإنما أنت من نخالة أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال: وهل كانت لهم نخالة!؟ إنما كانت النخالة بعدهم وفي غيرهم ! ((رواه مسلم)).
(192) _ Hazrat Abu Saeed Hasan Basari(رحمہ الله) riwayat karte hain ke Hazrat Aaeze bin Amar(رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) Ubaidullah bin Ziyaad ke paas gaye aur farmaya : aye betay! be shak main ne Rasoolullah ﷺ ko farmatay hue suna hai : woh hukmaran sab se badter hain jo apni reaya par sakhti karte hain. to un mein se honay se bach! us ne un se kaha : aap Bethiyee aap to As’haab-e-Rasool ka bhosa ( chhaan bora ) hain. unhon ne farmaya : kiya As’haabRasool mein bhi aisay log hain jinhen bhosa kaha ja sakay? ( nahi, balkay ) bhosa to woh log hain jo un ke baad hon ge aur un ke ilawa hain. ( Muslim )
TAKHREEJ :
Sahih Muslim, al imaarati, Bab fazeelatil Ameeril aadili….,Hadees: 1830
FAAIDA :
Is mein sahabi Rasool Hazrat Aaez (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ki jurrat aur haq goi ka aik namona hai jis ka izhaar unhon ne Basrah ke Governor Ubaidullah bin Ziyaad ke samnay kiya jo zalim qisam ka haakim tha. us ne un ki saaf goi se naraaz ho kar un ka istikhfaaf kiya jis par unhon ne phir sahaba karaam (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ) ki shaan aur un ki Azmat o fazeelat bayan farmai ke un mein se koi bhi aisa kam tar nahi jay bhosa kaha ja sakay .
RAVI HADEES :
HAZRAT ABU SAEED HASAN BASARI(رحمہ الله): Abu Saeed Hasan bin Yassar Basari. yeh kibaar Tabaeen mein se hain. apne daur mein Ahal-e-Basrah ke Imam aur apne zamane ke Habir-ul-Ummah thay. ye Fusahaa , Fuqahaa aur Bahadur tareen Ulama mein se thay. Madinah Munawwara mein peda hue aur Ali bin Abi Taalib (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ki parwarish mein rahay aur kadiyal jawan banay. Basrah mein rahaish pazeer rahay aur Basrah hi mein 110 hijri ko faut ho gaye .
[ HAZRAT ABU HUBAIRAH AAEZE BIN AMAR AL- MUZNI (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ]: Aaeze bin Amar bin Hilal bin Ubaid bun Yazid . Abu Hubairah kuniat hai. qabeela Muzniyah ki taraf mansoob honay ki wajah se Muzni kehlate hain. nihayat Saleh, naik tareen aur pakbaaz sahaba mein se hain. yeh Ashaab shajrah mein se hain, yani jinhon ne darakht ke neechay baet ki thi. Yazid bin Muawiya ke daur mein Ubaidullah bin Ziyaad ki hukoomat ke waqt wafaat payi. martay waqt wasiyat ki ke meri namaz e janaza Abu Barzah Aslami prhhayin .
193- العاشر: عن حذيفة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: “ والذي نفسي بيده! لتأمرن بالمعروف، ولتنهون عن المنكر، أو ليوشكن الله أن يبعث عليكم عقابًا منه، ثم تدعونه فلا يستجاب لكم” ((رواه الترمذي وقال: حديث حسن صحيح)).
( 193 ) Hazrat Huzaifah (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaya : qasam hai us zaat ki jis ke haath mein meri jaan hai! tum zaroor neki ka hukum karo aur zaroor buraiee se roko warna qareeb hai ke Allah taala tum par apni taraf se koi azaab bhaij diye phir tum us se duaayen karo ge lekin woh qubool nahi ki jayen gi. Issay Tirmizi ne riwayat kiya hai aur kaha hai : yeh hadees hasan hai. )
TAKHREEJ:
Jamie Tirmizi, alfitan, Bab maa jaa fil Amr bil maaroof…. Hadees: 2169.
FAAIDAH :
Amar bil-maerufi aur naahi anil-munkar ka fareeza tarak karne se (1) aik to Allah ke azaab ka andesha hai aur (2) dosra duaaon ki Adam qabuliat ka .
194- الحادي عشر: عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: “أفضل الجهاد كلمة عدل عند سلطان جائر” ((رواه أبو داود، والترمذي وقال: حديث حسن)).
(194) Hazrat Abu Saeed Khudri (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaya : “ sab se ziyada fazeelat wala jihad zaalim Badshah ke samnay kalma haq kehna hai. ( usay Abu Dawod aur Tirmizi ne riwayat kiya hai. Imam Tirmizi farmatay hain : yeh hadees Hasan hai. )
TAKHREEJ :
Sunan Abi Dawod, al malahim, Bab al amr wan nahi, Hadees:4344, Jamie Tirmizi, alfitan , bab maa jaa fi afzal jihad……, Hadees: 2174
FAAIDAH :
Jehaad ke Maratib hain, Neki ka hukum dena bhi jehaad hai aur afzal-ul-jihad zaalim Hukmraanon ko Allah ka pegham sunana hai aur isi terhan agar koi samaaj ya muashra kisi Buraiee mein is terhan doob jaye ke us ke khilaaf lab kushai ki kisi ko himmat nah ho to us Buraiee ke khilaaf aawaz buland karna bhi afzal-ul-jihad ho sakta hai .
195- الثاني عشر: عن أبي عبد الله طارق بن شهاب البجلي الأحمسي رضي الله عنه أن رجلاً سأل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقد وضع رجله في الغرز: أي الجهاد أفضل؟ قال: “كلمة حق عند سلطان جائر” ((رواه النسائي بإسناد صحيح)).
[الْغَرْزُ] بِغَيْنِ مُّعْجَمَةٍ مَّفْتُوحَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاءٍ سَاكِنَةٍ ثُمَّ زَايِ، وَهُوَ رِكَابُ كَوْرِ الْجَمَلِ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ جِلْدٍ أَوْ خَشَبٍ. وَقِيلَ : لَا يَخْتَصُّ بِجِلْدِ
وَّخَشَبٍ .
[ 195 ] Abu Abdullah Taariq bin Shihab Bajali Al Ahmasi (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai ke aik aadmi ne Nabi ﷺ se us waqt sawal kiya jab aap apna qadam mubarak ( apni sawari ke ) rakaab par rakh chuke thay ( us ne kaha : ) kon sa jehaad afzal hai? aap ne farmaya : zaalim Badshah ke samnay haq baat kehna. ( usay Nisaye ne sahih sanad ke sath riwayat kiya hai. )
الغرز :
” Ghaeen” par zabar phir ra saakin phir zara – maienay hain : oont ke beech ki rakaab jab woh chamday ya lakdi ki ho. aur baaz ke nazdeek ( yeh aam hai ) chamday aur lakdi ke sath khaas nahi .
TAKHREEJ:
Sunan nasai al baieat, Bab fazl ma takallama bil haqqi inda Imaam Jaer , hadees : 4214 .
RAVI HADEES :
HAZRAT ABU ABDULLAH TAARIQ BIN SHIHAB (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) : Taariq bin Shihab bin Abdush Sham’s bin Salamah. kuniat un ki Abu Abdullah hai. Ghazee Sahaba Karaam mein shumaar hotay hain. Nabi ﷺ ki ziyarat to ki lekin aap ( ﷺ ) se kuchh sun nahi sakay. Koofa mein rehne ki wajah se koi qabeela Bajali se talluq ki bana par Bajali kehlate hain. un ki aik nisbat Ahmasi bhi hai. Shaikhein (Abu Bakar wa Umar (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا) )ke daur mein 33 ya 34 ghazwaat mein shirkat ki. khulfaye Arbah ke ilawa deegar sahaba se bhi riwayaat bayan karte hain. 83 hijri ko faut hue .
196- الثالث عشر: عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ”إن أول ما دخل النقص على بني إسرائيل أنه كان الرجل يلقى الرجل فيقول: يا هذا ! إتق الله ودع ما تصنع فإنه لا يحل لك، ثم يلقاه من الغد وهو على حاله، فلا يمنعه ذلك أن يكون أكيله وشريبه وقعيده، فلما فعلوا ذلك ضرب الله قلوب بعضهم ببعض” ثم قال: {لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَىٰ لِسَانِ دَاوُودَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا وَّكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ.كَانُوا لَا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَن مُّنكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ ۚ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ.تَرَىٰ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ لَبِئْسَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لَهُمْ أَنفُسُهُمْ } إلى قوله: { فَاسِقُونَ. }((المائدة: 81-78)) ثم قال: ” كلا، والله لتأمرن بالمعروف ولتنهون عن المنكر، ولتأخذن على يد الظالم، ولتأطرنه على الحق أطرا، ولتقصرنه على الحق قصرا، أو ليضربن الله بقلوب بعضكم على بعض، ثم ليلعننكم كما لعنهم” ((رواه أبو داود، والترمذي وقال: حديث حسن)). هذا لفظ أبي داود،
ولفظ الترمذي: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لما وقعت بنو إسرائيل في المعاصي نهتهم علماؤهم فلم ينتهوا، فجالسوهم في مجالسهم و واكلوهم وشاربوهم، فضرب الله قلوب بعضهم ببعض، ولعنهم على لسان داود وعيسى ابن مريم ذلك بما عصوا وكانوا يعتدون فجلس رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وكان متكئًا فقال: لا والذي نفسي بيده حتى تأطروهم على الحق أطرا .
قوله: [ تأطروهم ]: أي : تعطفوهم. و[ لتقصرنه ] أي: لتحبسنه.
[ 196 ] Hazrat Ibn Masood (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) se riwayat hai Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya : ( deen mein ) sab se pehli ko’tahi jo Bani Israel mein peda huyi wo ye thi ke aadmi dosray aadmi se milta aur us se kehta : aye shakhs! Allah se dar aur jo kaam to karta hai usay chode day is liye ke woh tairay liye halal nahi hai phir jab kal ( dobarah ) us se milta jab ke woh us si haal par hota to us ka yeh gunah par israar ) usay is ka ham niwala ham pyalaa aur ham majlis ban’nay se nah rokta ( jab ke gunah par israar ka taqaza tha ke woh us ke sath khanay peenay aur ham nasheeni se guraiz karta.) chunanchay jab unhon ne aisa kiya ( yani yeh kotahi aam hogayi ) to Allah taala ne un ke dilon ko yaksaa kar diya. phir Nabi ﷺ ne yeh ayaat tilawat farmayeen :
{ لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ……..وَلَٰكِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ.}
Bani Israel ke kafiroon par Hazrat Dawod aur Eesa (عليهم السلام) ki zabani laanat ki gayi. yeh is sabab se jo unhon ne nafarmani ki aur woh had se guzar jane walay thay. woh aik dosray ko buraiee se nahi roktay thay ke unhon ne woh khud ki hoti thi, yaqeenan bohat bura hai jo woh karte thay. to un mein se aksar logon ko dekhe ga ke yeh kafiroon se dosti karte hain, bohat bura hai jo un ke nafsoon ne un ke liye agay bheja ke Allah un se naraaz ho gaya aur woh hamesha azaab mein rehne walay hain. aur agar aisa hota ke woh Allah par aur us ke Nabi par imaan le atay aur us par imaan laatay jo us ki taraf nazil kiya gaya, to un ( kafiroon ) ko dost nah banatay lekin un mein se ziyada tar log nafarman hain. phir farmaya :” khabardaar Allah ki qasam! tum zaroor neki ka hukum karo aur zaroor buraiee se roko aur zaroor zaalim ka haath pakdo aur unhein zabar dasti ( khoob koshish kar ke ) haq ki taraf modu aur unhein haq par majboor karo, warna Allah taala tum sab ke dilon ko yaksaa kar day ga, phir tum par laanat kere ga jaisay un par laanat ki. ( usay Abu Dawod aur Tirmizi ne riwayat kiya hai. aur imam Tirmizi farmatay hain : yeh hadees hasan hai. yeh alfaaz Abu Dawod ke hain )
Tirmizi ke alfaaz hain : Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya :” jab Bani Israel gunaaho mein mubtala ho gaye to unhein un ke ulama ne roka, lekin woh baz nahi aaye. to woh ulama bhi un ki majlison mein bethnay lag gaye aur un ke sath khatay peetay rahay. chunanchay Allah ne un ke dilon ko yaksaa kar diya aur un par Hazrat Dawod aur Eesa (عليهم السلام) ki zabani laanat farmai, yeh is liye ke unhon ne nafarmani ki aur woh had se guzar jane walay thay. phir Rasoolullah ﷺ baith gaye jab ke ( is se pehlay ) aap take lagaye huye thay aur farmaya : nahi, qasam hai us zaat ki jis ke haath mein meri jaan hai! ( tumhari nijaat nahi ) yahan tak ke tum unhein ( koshish kar ke haq ki taraf moudo.”
تأطروهم:
ke maienay hain : unhein modu aur
ولتقصرنه:
ka matlab hai : unhein roko, majboor karo .
TAKHREEJ:
zaeef _ sunan Abi Dawod, al malahim, baab al amr wan Nahi, hadees : 4336. 4337
Jamie Tirmizi,.. Tafseer ul Qur’an. .. . va min sorat Al maayidah, Hadees : 3047, 3048
FAAIDAH :
mazkoorah riwayat munqatie honay ki wajah se zaeef hai magar haqeeqat ye hi hai ke ulama ka mansab yeh hai ke woh logon ko buraiyon se roktay rahen aur agar woh baaz nah ayen to un ke sath uthnay bethnay aur khanay peenay se guraiz karen ke yeh deeni aur iimani ghairat ka taqaza hai. agar woh is ghairat ka muzahira nahi karen ge to woh bhi na farmanoon ki terhan maloon qarar payen ge .
أعاذنا الله منه.
197- الرابع عشر: عن أبي بكر الصديق، رضي الله عنه ، قال: يا أيها الناس إنكم تقرءون هذه الآية: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ ۖ لَا يَضُرُّكُم مَّن ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ} ((المائدة : 105)) وإني سمعت رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، يقول: “إن الناس إذا رأو الظالم فلم يأخذوا على يديه أوشك أن يعمهم الله بعقاب منه” ((رواه أبو داود، والترمذي، والنسائي بأسانيد صحيحة)).
(197) Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ)bbayan karte hain ke ae logo! tum yeh aayat padhte ho :
“يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ …… مَّن ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ”
aye imaan walo! tum par apni jaanun ki fikar lazim hai jab tum khud hidaayat par ho ge to gumraah log tumhen koi nuqsaan nahi pouncha saken ge. aur mein ne Rasoolullah ﷺ ko yeh farmatay hue suna hai :” log jab zalim ko ( zulm karte hue ) dekhen aur us ke hathon ko nah pakden ( yani zulm se nah rokain ) to qareeb hai ke Allah taala un sab ko apne azaab ki lapait mein le le.”
( usay Abu Dawod , Tirmizi aur Nisaye ne sahih sanadon ke sath riwayat kiya hai. )
TAKHREEJ:
Sunan Abi Dawod al malahim Bab al amr wan nahi Hadees: 4338.
Jamie Tirmizi alfitan bab maa jaa fi nuzool al azaabi iza lam yughaieril munkar Hadees: 2168.
Wa sunan kubra lin Nisaye, al Tafseer, bab qaulihi taala:
{ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ …..}
6/ 338, 399 Hadees: 11157.
FAWAAID WA MASAIL:
Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ka matlab yeh tha ke tum aayat ka mafhuum yeh samajte ho ke jab insaan khud raah raast par ho to us ke liye amar bil-maerufi aur naahi-anil-munkar ka fareeza ada karna zaroori nahi hai kyunkay doosron ki gumraahi aur masiat kaari se usay koi andesha hai nah us se us ki baabat baz purse hogi. yoon goya ummat Musalmah zameen mein Shariat-e-elihiyah ke nifaz ki zimmay daar nahi hai, sirf apni zaat ki islaah ki mukallaf hai. Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ne hadees mazkoor bayan farma kar is mafhuum ki tardeed farmai jis se yeh wazeh huwa ke hattal imkan buraiee ko rokna ummat ki zimmay daari aur har har fard ka mansab hai hatta ke qudrat rakhtay hue haath se ya zabaan se nah rokna Allah ke itab o gazabb ka baais hai. aayat ka sahih mafhuum yeh hai : ae imaan walo! apne aap ko sambhaal kar rakho kahin gumraah logon ki gumraahi ka tum par bhi assar nah ho jaye aur tum hidaayat ke baad dobarah gumraah nah ho jao aur yeh isi terhan ho sakta hai ke gumraah logon ko musalsal amar bil-maerufi aur naahi-anil-munkar karte raho warna tum khud un se mutasir ho jao ge. Abu Bakar (رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ) ne hadees bayan kar ke is aayat ka asal mafhuum wazeh farma diya .
REFERENCE:
BOOK: Riyaz us Saliheen(Urdu)
Taleef: Imam Nawawi Rahimahullah.
Urdu Tarjumah aur Fawaid: Hafiz Salah Uddin Yusuf.
Chapter 23
Enjoining Good and forbidding Evil
Allah, the Exalted, says:
“Let there arise out of you a group of people inviting to all that is good (Islam), enjoining Al-Ma`ruf (i.e., Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) and forbidding Al-Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it is they who are the successful.” (3:104)
“You (true believers in Islamic Monotheism, and real followers of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his Sunnah) are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enjoin Al-Ma`ruf (i.e., Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar (polytheism, disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden)”. (3:110)
“Show forgiveness, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the foolish (i.e., don’t punish them).” (7:199)
“The believers, men and women, are Auliya’ (helpers, supporters, friends, protectors) of one another; they enjoin (on the people) Al-Ma`ruf (i.e., Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do), and forbid (people) from Al-Munkar (i.e., polytheism and disbelief of all kinds, and all that Islam has forbidden)”. (9:71)
“Those among the Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by the tongue of Dawud (David) and `Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). That was because they disobeyed (Allah and the Messengers) and were ever transgressing beyond bounds. They used not to forbid one another from the Munkar (wrong, evildoing, sins, polytheism, disbelief) which they committed. Vile indeed was what they used to do”. (5:78,79)
“And say: `The truth is from your Rubb.’ Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve”. (18:29)
“Therefore proclaim openly (Allah’s Message – Islamic Monotheism) that which you are commanded…” (15:94)
“We rescued those who forbade evil, but with a severe torment. We seized those who did wrong because they used to rebel against Allah’s Command (disobey Allah)”. (7:165)
- Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Whoever amongst you sees an evil, he must change it with his hand; if he is unable to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is unable to do so, then with his heart; and that is the weakest form of Faith”.
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith contains a very important prescription to prevent the Muslim society from all things which are forbidden in Islam. So long as Muslims adhered to it and ceaselessly and fearlessly performed their obligation of enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong, their society was largely safe from many evils and sins.
- Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Never a Prophet had been sent before me by Allah to his people but he had, among his people, (his) disciples and companions, who followed his ways and obeyed his command. Then there came after them their successors who proclaimed what they did not practise, and practised what they were not commanded to do. And (he) who strove against them with his hand is a believer; he who strove against them with his heart is a believer; and he who strove against them with his tongue is a believer ; and beyond that there is no grain of Faith”.
[Muslim].
- `Ubadah bin As-Samit (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: We swore allegiance to Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to hear and obey; in time of difficulty and in prosperity, in hardship and in ease, to endure being discriminated against and not to dispute about rule with those in power, except in case of evident infidelity regarding which there is a proof from Allah. We swore allegiance to Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to say what was right wherever we were, and not to fear from anyone’s reproach.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: It has been emphasized in this Hadith that even if a Muslim ruler is sinful and cruel, one should not disobey him unless he orders to go against the Divine injunctions. In that case, such rulers should not be obeyed. Similarly, it is not permissible to revolt against them until they commit clear-cut infidelity because there is a greater danger of loss in revolt and rebellion. It should be noted once and for all that the expression of truth and compliance with religious injunctions have top priority on all occasions. This should be done regardless of what people say on this account.
- Nu`man bin Bashir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “The likeness of the man who observes the limits prescribed by Allah and that of the man who transgresses them is like the people who get on board a ship after casting lots. Some of them are in its lower deck and some of them in its upper (deck). Those who are in its lower (deck), when they require water, go to the occupants of the upper deck, and say to them : `If we make a hole in the bottom of the ship, we shall not harm you.’ If they (the occupants of the upper deck) leave them to carry out their design they all will be drowned. But if they do not let them go ahead (with their plan), all of them will remain safe”.
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: We learn from this Hadith that the consequences of committing acts which are forbidden in Islam are not confined only to those persons who commit them, but the whole society has to suffer for them. It is, therefore, essential that the people who are in the habit of committing sinful acts and violate Divine injunctions, should be checked to save the whole society from destruction. If this is not done, the entire society will have to face the Divine punishment.
- Umm Salamah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “You will have rulers some of whom you approve and some of whom you will disapprove. He who dislikes them will be safe, and he who expresses disapproval will be safe, but he who is pleased and follows them (will be indeed sinful)”. His audience asked: “Shall we not fight them?” He replied, “No, as long as they establish Salat amongst you”.
[Muslim].
Commentary:
- By qualifying the obedience of Muslim rulers with Salat, it has been made clear that what actually distinguishes between Kufr and Islam is Salat.
- If a person has the power to stop the rulers from committing evil deeds, he must use this power for it. If he is incapable of it, he should at least condemn their evil deeds in his heart. To join or acquiesce in the evil deeds of the rulers is an extremely dangerous trend. From this angle, participation in political parties is a dangerous affair because when these parties come into power, all their members have to endorse and pursue their good as well as bad policies.
- Zainab (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) came to visit me one day frightened and he ü said, “La ilaha illallah (There is no true God but Allah). Woe to the Arabs because of an evil which has drawn near! Today an opening of this size has been made in the barrier restraining Ya’juj and Ma’juj (Gog and Magog people).” And he (PBUH) made a circle with his thumb and index finger. I said, “O Messenger of Allah! Shall we perish while still there will be righteous people among us?” He (PBUH) replied, “Yes, when wickedness prevails”.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith also tells us about the ominous of sin. It says that when vice becomes common, then in spite of the presence of some virtuous persons, that community will be destroyed. But on the Day of Resurrection, those noble persons who had done their duty of preaching virtue and checking vice will stand apart from the sinners. Thus this Hadith induces one to keep away from sins.
- Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Beware of sitting on roads (ways).” The people said: “We have but them as sitting places.” Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “If you have to sit there, then observe the rights of the way”. They asked, “What are the rights of the way?” He (PBUH) said, “To lower your gaze (on seeing what is illegal to look at), and (removal of harmful objects), returning greetings, enjoining good and forbidding wrong”.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
- This Hadith tells us that it is improper to sit on roadsides and passages in such a way which causes inconvenience to men and women who pass by. It is really very unfortunate that now we do not care about such things at all.
- If sitting on roadside is indispensable at all, then it is essential to observe the requirements mentioned in the Hadith to justify the needful.
- Some other Islamic etiquette mentioned in this Hadith have also been stated in other Ahadith. For instance, politeness of speech, sharing of someone’s burden, helping the oppressed and the troubled, guiding the wayward person to the right path, answering (in the prescribed manner) one who sneezes, etc.
- `Abdullah bin `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saw a man wearing a gold ring. So he (the Prophet (PBUH)) pulled it off and threw it away, saying, “One of you takes a live coal, and puts it on his hand.” It was said to the man after Messenger of Allah (PBUH) had left: “Take your ring (of gold) and utilize it,” whereupon he said: “No, by Allah, I would never take it when Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has thrown it away”.
[Muslim].
Commentary:
- We learn from this Hadith that wearing of gold ring is prohibited for men and so is wearing of golden ornament by them. It is very unfortunate indeed that nowadays it has become a popular fashion to present men gold ring on their marriage and they wear it with great pride. It is a very dangerous custom and must be altogether shunned for two reasons. Firstly, it is an unnecessary formality and burden to exchange presents and hold big feasts on betrothal ceremony. It is also open to objection in Islamic law. Secondly, to give and take unlawful things is all the more forbidden and is akin to building one sin over another.
- The spirit of obedience mentioned in this Hadith is matchless.
- Abu Sa`id Al-Hasan Basri reported: `Aidh bin `Amr (the Companion) (May Allah be pleased with him) visited `Ubaidullah bin Ziyad (the ruler) and said to him: “Son, I heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying, `The worst shepherds (rulers) are those who deal harshly in respect of supervision. Beware, Don’t be one of them!”’ Ibn Ziyad said to him, “Sit down, you are but husk from among the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH).” `Aidh bin `Amr (May Allah be pleased with him) retorted: “Was there any husk among them? Surely, husk came after them and among others than them”.
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith presents a model of courage and boldness of speaking the truth before a tyrant. It was displayed by `Aidh (May Allah be pleased with him) in the court of Ubaidullah bin Ziyad, governor of Basrah. The latter humiliated `Aidh (May Allah be pleased with him) for his straight forwardness and truth but he repeated his statement about the eminence of the Companions of the Prophet ü and said none of them could be called husk.
- Hudhaifah (May Allah bepleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “By Him in Whose Hand my life is, you either enjoin good and forbid evil, or Allah will certainly soon send His punishment to you. Then you will make supplication and it will not be accepted”.
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: To abandon the practice of enjoining virtue and forbidding vice is likely to incur the displeasure of Allah. This trend is indeed fraught with the danger of rejection of prayers and supplications by Him.
- Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah bepleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “The best type of Jihad (striving in the way of Allah) is speaking a true word in the presence of a tyrant ruler.”
[Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: Jihad has many degrees. Preaching of virtue is also Jihad. The most meritorious of all is the effort of communicating the Message of Allah to an unjust ruler. Similarly, if a society is so much given to a vice that no one can dare to utter a word against it, then to protest against it can also be reckoned as the best Jihad.
- Abu `Abdullah Tariq bin Shihab (May Allah bepleased with him) reported: A person asked the Prophet (PBUH) (when he had just put his foot in the stirrup): “What is the highest form of Jihad?” He (PBUH) said, “Speaking the truth in the presence of a tyrant ruler”.
[An-Nasa’i].
- `Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah bepleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “The first defect (in religion) which affected the Children of Israel in the way that man would meet another and say to him: `Fear Allah and abstain from what you are doing, for this is not lawful for you.’ Then he would meet him the next day and find no change in him, but this would not prevent him from eating with him, drinking with him and sitting in his assemblies. When it came to this, Allah led their hearts into evil ways on account of their association with others.” Then he (PBUH) recited, “Those among the Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by the tongue of Dawud (David) and `Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). That was because they disobeyed (Allah and the Messengers) and were ever transgressing beyond bounds. They used not to forbid one another from the Munkar (wrong, evildoing, sins, polytheism, disbelief) which they committed. Vile indeed was what they used to do. You see many of them taking the disbelievers as their Auliya’ (protectors and helpers). Evil indeed is that which their own selves have sent forward before them; for that (reason) Allah’s wrath fell upon them and in torment will they abide. And had they believed in Allah and in the Prophet (Muhammad (PBUH)) and in what has been revealed to him, never would they have taken them (the disbelievers) as Auliya’ (protectors and helpers); but many of them are the Fasiqun (rebellious, disobedient to Allah).” (5:78-81)
Then he (PBUH) continued: “Nay, by Allah, you either enjoin good and forbid evil and catch hold of the hand of the oppressor and persuade him to act justly and stick to the truth, or, Allah will involve the hearts of some of you with the hearts of others and will curse you as He had cursed them”.
[Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi].
The wording in At-Tirmidhi is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “When the Children of Israel became sinful, their learned men prohibited them but they would not turn back. Yet, the learned men associated with them and ate and drank with them. So, they were cursed at the tongues of Dawud and `Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), because they were disobedient and were given to transgression.” At this stage Messenger of Allah (PBUH) who was reclining on a pillow sat up and said, “No, By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, there is no escape for you but you persuade them to act justly.”
Commentary: This Hadith tells us that the duty of `Ulama’ is to check the people from vice and if, in spite of all their efforts people do not abandon them, they should avoid associating with them because it is a matter of religious reverence and vanity. If they do not do it, they will also be cursed like the disobedient lot. May Allah save us from this negligence.
- Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (May Allah bepleased with him) reported: “O you people! You recite this Verse: `O you who believe! Take care of your ownselves. If you follow the (right) guidance [and enjoin what is right (Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) and forbid what is wrong (polytheism, disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden)] no hurt can come to you from those who are in error.’ (5:105) But I have heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying: “When people see an oppressor but do not prevent him from (doing evil), it is likely that Allah will punish them all.”
[Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: What Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (May Allah bepleased with him) had stated was that the Ayah mentioned in this Hadith was generally understood to mean that if a person is on the Straight Path then it is not necessary for him to preach virtue and forbid vice because in that case he neither has the fear of being harmed by the disobedience and sins of others nor is he answerable to Allah for their misdeeds. Thus, what it implies is that Muslim Ummah is not responsible for the enforcement of Islamic Shari`ah in the world and all it is concerned with is its own improvement only. By narrating this Hadith, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (May Allah bepleased with him) refuted this interpretation of the Ayah and made it clear that it is the duty of the Ummah and each of its member to make best possible efforts to check the vices prevalent in the society. So much so that if a Muslim has the ability to check the vices by means of force or speech but he does not do it, his negligence in this regard will become a cause of Divine wrath and punishment. The true significance of this ayah is that if, in spite of the best efforts on the part of the pious ones there is no improvement, and people do not abstain from sins and disobedience of Allah, then the pious persons will not be held responsible for what the defaulters do, nor would they suffer on this account. This interpretation of the ¢yah removes the conflict that seems to exist between the meaning of the Ayah and the Hadith
REFERENCE:
BOOK: Riyadh ul Saaliheen