01. Asabah aur Aqsaam ul Asabah.
wurasa ki kaifiyaat
احوال الوارثین
✦ Wurasa (mard aur aurat) ki do qismein hain.
1: Ashaab-ul-Furooz 2: Al-Asabah
1: Ashaab-ul-Furooz
❁ Lughwi ma’na: Furooz, farz ki jama hai. Lughat mein farz kantay kay maana mein aata hai. Chunkeh waaris ko Mayyat ki jaedaad say kuch hissa kaat kar usay diya jata hai. Is liye inhein Ashaab-ul-Furooz kaha jata hai .
❁ Istilahan: Ashaab-ul-Furooz woh waaris hain jin ko Quran Majeed ya hadees shareef ya sahaba kay ijma say Mayyat ki jaedaad mein say kuch muqarar hissa diya gaya ho.
Yeh darj zail hain:
1: Khawand 2: Baap 3: Daada
4: Akhiyafi Bhai 5: Biwi 6: Beti
7: Poti 8: Maan 9: Daadi
10: Naani 11: Aini Behan 12: Al’lati Behan
13: Akhiyafi Behan
Jo furooz (hissay) in ko diye gaye hain un ki ta’daad chay (6) hai woh Sorat Nisa aayat 11,12 aur 176 mein bayaan kiye gaye hain.
1: النصف 1/2 2: الربع 1/4 3: الثمن 1/8
4: الثلثین 2/3 5: الثلث 1/3 6: السدس 1/6
In kay ilaawa aik satwaan farz bhi hai jo ijtihaad say liya gaya hai jis ko ثلث الباقی kehtay hain, Yeh hissa Ameer-ul-Momineen Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (رضی اللہ عنہ) kay Ahad-e-Khilaafat mein Sayyiduna Zaid bin Saabit (رضی اللہ عنہ) kay ijtihaad say Maan ko diya gaya hai jis ki tafseel In sha Allah Maan kay baab mein aaye gi, Isi tarhan Daada ka bhi yeh hissa (ثلث الباقی) baaz auqaat Behan Bhaiyon ki mujoodgi mein diya jata hai is ki tafseel In Sha Allah الجد والاخوۃ kay baab mein aaye gi.
2: Al-Asabah
❁ Lughwi Maana: Asabah a’asib ki jama hai lughat mein is kay maana, Aik jamaat (giroh) bandhna aur taqwiyat dainay kay atay hain.
❁ Istilaahan: Asabah woh waaris hain jin ko koi muqarrar shuda hissa (farz) nahi diya gaya. Agar woh akeela hi waaris hai to woh saari jaedaad (tarka) lay jaye ga, Agar is kay humra koi waaris Ashaab-ul-Furooz mein say hai to Sahib-e-Farz ko us ka hissa dainay kay baad jo tarka baqi bachay ga woh Asabah lay ga aur agar koi hissa baqi nah bacha to usay kuch nahi milay ga.
✦ Aqsaam-ul-Asabah ✦
❁ Asabah ki teen qismein hain:
1- Al-Asabah bil Nafs 2- Al-Asabah bil ghair 3- Al- Asabah ma’al ghair
1: Al- Asabah bil nafs
Woh aisa waaris hai jo Mayyat ka qareebi rishta daar aur muzakkar ho jis kay aur Mayyat kay darmayaan kisi aurat ka waasta nah ho. Yeh ta’daad mein (12) hain:
1: Beta 2: Pota 3: Baap
4: Daada 5: Aini Bhai 6: Al’lati Bhai
7: Aini Bhai ka Beta yani bhatija 8: Al’lati Bhai kaa Beta 9: Aini Chacha
10: Al’lati Chacha 11: Aini Chacha ka Beta 12: Al’lati Chacha ka Beta
❁ Asabah bil Nafs kay darjaat
Asabah bil Nafs kay warison ko chaar darjon mein taqseem kiya gaya hai pehlay darja kay waarison ki mujoodgi mein baqi teen darjon waalay waaris nahi bantay aur dosray darja kay waarison ki mujoodgi mein teesray aur chouthay darja waalay waaris nahi bantay is tarhan teesray darja kay waarison ki mujoodgi mein chouthay darja waalay waaris nahi bantay
❁ Pehla darja: Is mein Beta aur Pota atay hain lekin Betay ki mujoodgi mein Pota waaris nahi bantaa balkeh wiraasat say mahroom ho jata hai.
❁ Dosra darja: yeh Baap aur Daada par mushtamil hai. Lekin Baap ki mujoodgi mein Daada waaris nahi hota .
❁ Teesra darja: Is say muraad Aini Bhai, Al’lati Bhai aur un kay Betay hain lekin Aini Bhai ki mujoodgi mein Al’lati Bhai, Aini aur Al’lati Bhaiyon kay Betay waaris nahi hungay. Agar Aini Bhai mujood nah ho to Al’lati Bhai waaris ho ga Aini aur Al’lati Bhaiyon kay Betay waaris nahi hungay isi tarhan Al’lati Bhai ki Adam mujoodgi mein Aini Bhai ka Beta waaris hoga aur is ki Adam mujoodgi mein Al’lati Bhai ka Beta waaris hoga.
❁ Choutha darja: Yeh Aini Chacha, Al’lati Chacha aur un kay beton par mushtamil hai. Aini Chacha ki mujoodgi mein Al’lati Chacha aur un kay Betay waaris nahi hungay. Agar Aini Chacha mujood nah ho to Al’lati Chacha waaris hoga aur A’ini chachaon kay Betay waaris nahi hungay. Agar Aini Chacha mujood nah ho to Al’lati Chacha waaris hoga aur A’ini aur Al’lati chachaon kay Betay waaris nahi hungay isi tarhan Al’lati Chacha ki Adam mujoodgi mein A’ini Chacha ka Beta waaris ho ga. Aur us ki Adam mujoodgi mein Al’lati Chacha ka Beta waaris hoga.
✦ Al-Asabah bil ghair:
Yeh chaar aurtein hain:
1: Beti 2: Poti
3: A’ini Behan 4:Al’lati Behan
In ko jaedaad mein say farz hissa aadha (1/2) aur kabhi do tihai (2/3) diya jata hai. Lekin yeh apnay Bhaiyon ki mujoodgi mein Bator-e-Al-Asabah bil ghair waaris banti hain. Quran -e- kareem kay qaiday “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” ki ru say mard ko aurat say doguna hissa milta hai.
Beti, Betay ki mujoodgi mein, Poti Potay ki mujoodgi mein aur Aini Behan, Aini Bhai ki mujoodgi mein is tarhan Al’lati Behan Al’lati Bhai ki mujoodgi mein Bator-e-Al-Asabah bil ghair waaris hoti hain.
In ki daleel qoulihi ta’ala: “وَإِن كَانُوٓاْ إِخۡوَةً رِّجَالاً۬ وَنِسَآءً۬ فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” aayat mein “ إِخۡوَةً” say muraad A’ini Bhai, Al’lati Bhai aur un ki Behnein hain.
✦ Al-Asabah ma’al ghair:
Al-Asabah ma’al ghair say muraad do aurtein Aini Behan aur Al’lati Behan hain. In ko farz hissa aadha (1/2) aur kabhi do tihai (2/3) diya jata hai lekin shart yeh hai keh masla mein Beta ya Pota mujood nah ho. Aur A’ini Bhai aur Al’lati Bhai bhi mujood nah hon .
• Note: Aini Behan jab Bator-e-Al-Asabah ma’al ghair waaris banti hai to woh Aini Bhai kay darja mein ho jati hai chunancha us ki mujoodgi Al’lati Bhai, Aini Bhai ka Beta, Al’lati Bhai ka Beta, Aini Chacha, Al’lati Chacha aur un kay beton ko wiraasat say mahroom kar deti hai. Is tarhan Al’lati Behan jab Bator-e-Al-Asabah ma’al ghair banti hai to woh bhi Al’lati Bhai kay darja mein ho jati hai. Aur neechay walay sab waarison ko mahroom kar deti hai.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.