09. Auwl ka Bayan.
Auwl ka bayaan
Auwl kay lughwi Maana: Arabi lughat mein auwl kai maano mein iste’maal hota hai. Maslan zulm karna, Maael hona, Buland aur uuncha karna jaisa keh (عال الْمیزان) aur is say (عالت الْفریضة) hai.
Istilahi Maana: Kisi masla mein jab waarison kay hisson ka majmoa us kay asal masla say zayada ho jaye to is masla ko ‘Aaila kehtay hain. Haqeeqat mein auwl walay masla mein har waaris ko us kay asal hissa say kam hissa milta hai. Aaila maslon mein is kay asal masla ko nazar andaaz kar diya jaata hai aur is ki jagah waarison kay hisson kay majmo’ah ko Bator-e-Asal masla iste’maal kiya jata hai.
Misaal: Aik aurat faut ho gai aur apna Khaawand, Maan aur ‘Aini Behan ko zindah choda.
Hal: Asal masla (6) hai Khaawand ko (1/2) (3) milay, Maan ko (1/3) (2) milay aur ‘Aini Behan ko (1/2) (3) milay. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+2+3=8) (8) hai. Jo asal masla (6) say zayada hai. Jaedaad ki taqseem kay waqt is masla (6) ko nazar andaaz kar kay (8) ko Bator-e-Asal masla iste’maal kiya jata hai.
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|
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8/6 |
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½ |
Khaawand |
3 |
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1/3 |
Maan |
2 |
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½ |
‘aini Behan |
3 |
✦ Islam mein pehla Auwl:
Islam mein pehla Auwl: Nabi Akram صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم aur Sayyiduna Abu Bakar رضی اللہ عنہ kay zamanay mein koi ka masla zahir nahi howa tha. Pehla auwl wala masla Sayyiduna Umar رضی اللہ عنہ kay Zamana-e-Khilaafat mein paish aaya jab aik aurat faut ho gai aur apna Khaawand aur do ‘Aini Behnein zindah choden. Khawand apna hissa lenay kay liye Sayyiduna Umar رضی اللہ عنہ kay paas aaya. Phir Behnein apna hissa lenay kay liye haazir huien. To aap nay farmaaya: “أیكم قدمہ اللہ وإیكمْ أخره” “Agar mein Khaawand ko is ka poora hissa deta hon to behnon kay hissay mein kami ajati hai. Aur agar behnon ko pehlay un ka poora haq deta hon to Khaawand kay hissay kam reh jata hai.”
Tab aap nay is masla kay baara mein sahaba kiraam رضی اللہ عنہم say mahswara liya. Chunancha Zaid bin Saabit رضی اللہ عنہ qeela Ali ban Abi Taalib رضی اللہ عنہ qeela Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib رضی اللہ عنہ nay auwl masla ka mahswara diya. Aur kaha keh is ki misaal qarzz jaisi hai. Tarka ki kami ki soorat mein har qarzz khuwa ko kam milta hai. Agar aik aadmi chay dirham choday kar mara jabkeh us nay aik qarzz khuwa ko teen darham aur dosray ko chaar dirhum denay hain. To kya unhein un kay qarzz say kam nahi milay ga. Sayyiduna Umar رضی اللہ عنہ nay farmaaya: Yaqeenan to Sayyiduna Zaid رضی اللہ عنہ nay kaha keh isi qanoon par yahan amal kiya jaye ga. Chunancha sab sahaba kiraam ki mutfaq raaye say auwl par amal kiya gaya aur Sayyiduna Umar رضی اللہ عنہ nay Khaawand ko (1/2 ) diya aur 2 behnon ko (2/3) diya aur masla (6) say (8) tak auwl kar gaya.
Asal jin mein auwl aata hai: Jaisa keh pehlay guzar chuka keh waarison ko quran kareem surah Al-Nisaa mein chay farz diye gaye hain. woh Al-Nisf (1/2), Al-Rubo’u (1/4) , Al-Sumun (1/8), Al-Sulusaan (2/3), Al-Sulus (1/3), aur As-Sudus (1/6) hain. In kay lehaaz say maslon kay kul saat usool bantay hain, Yani (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 aur 24) hain. In usoolon mein say sirf teen mein auwl aata hai. Woh (12, 6, aur 24) hain. Baqi usoolon (2, 3, 4 aur 8) mein kabhi bhi auwl nahi aata.
- Asal (6) mein chaar dafaa auwl aata hai. Yeh (7, 8, 9 aur 10) tak badh jata hai.
- Asal (12) mein teen dafaa auwl aata hai. Yeh (13, 15 aur 17) tak badh jata hai.
- Asal (24) mein sirf aik dafaa auwl aata hai yeh (27) tak badh jata hai.
Asal (6) kay auwl ki misaalein
Misaal 1: Asal (6) ka auwl (7) tak. Aik aurat faut ho gai aur apna Khaawand, ‘Aini Behan aur ‘Allati Behan ko zindah choda. Asal masla (6) hai Khaawand ko (1/2 ), (3) milay ‘Aini Behan ko (1/2), ( 3 ) milay aur ‘Allati Behan ko (1/6), (1) mila in kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+3+1= 7) (7) hai.
Misaal 2: Asal (6) ka auwl (8) tak.
Khawand, Maan, 2 ‘Aini Behnein, Asal masla (6) hai. Khaawand ko (1/2) (3) milay. Maan ko (1/6 ) (1) mila aur do ‘Aini behnon ko (2/3) (4) milay. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (8) (3+1+4 =8)
Misaal 3: Asal (6) ka auwl (9) tak.
Khaawand, Maan 2 ‘Aini Behnein, Akhiyaafi Bhai, Asal masla (6) hai. Khaawand ko (1/2), (3) milay. Maan ko (1/6), (1) mila. (2) ‘Aini behnon ko (2/3), (4) milay aur Akhiyaafi Bhai ko (1/6), (1) mila. Inkay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+1+4+1=9) (9) hai.
Misaal 4: Asal (6) ka auwl (10) tak.
Khaawand, Maan, Do ‘Aini Behnein, Do Akhiyaafi Behnein, Asal masla (6) hai Khaawand ko (1/2), (3) milay. Maan ko (1/6), (1) mila. Do ‘Aini behnon ko (2/3), (4) milay aur do Akhiyaafi behnon ko (1/3), (2) milay. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+1+4+2=10) (10) hai.
✦ Asal (12) kay auwl ki misaalein
Misaal 1: Asal (12) ka auwl (13) tak.
Khaawand, Maan do Betiyaan asal masla (12) hai Khaawand ko (1/4), (3) Maan ko (1/6) (2) milay do Betiyon ko (2/3) (8) milay in kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+2+8=13) (13) hai.
Misaal 2: Asal (12) ka auwl (15) tak.
Biwi, Do ‘aini Behnein, Do Akhiyaafi Bhai. Is ka asal masla (12) hai. Biwi ko (1/4) (3) milay. Do ‘Aini behnon ko (2/3 ), (8) milay. Aur do Akhiyaafi Bhaiyon ko (1/3), (4) milay. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+8+4=15) (15) hai.
Misaal 3: Asal (12) ka auwl (17) tak.
Biwi, Maan, Do ‘Aini Behnein aur 2 Akhiyaafi Behnein. Asal masla (12) hai. Biwi ko (1/4), (3) milay Maan ko (1/6), (2) milay. Do ‘Aini behnon ko (2/3), (8) milay. Aur do Akhiyaafi behnon ko (1/3), (4) milay, In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+2+8+4=17) (17) hai.
Asal (24) ka auwl (27) tak
Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi, Do Betiyaan, Maan aur Baap ko zindah choda.
Asal masla (24) hai. Biwi ko (1/8), (3) milay. Do Betiyon ko (2/3), (16) milay, Maan ko (1/6), (4) milay. Aur Baap ko (1/6), (4) milay. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+16+4+4=27) (27) hai.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.