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10. Radd ki bahes.

 Radd ki behas

 

Lughwi ma’ana: Arabi lughat mein radd kai ma’non mein aata hai. Yeh rujoo karnay aur lotnay kay ma’na mein bhi aata hai jaisa keh Quran kareem mein aaya hai: “فارتدا على آثارهما قصصا” aur lautnay kay ma’na mein bhi aata hai jaisa keh hadees shareef mein hai: “اللهم رد كیْدهمْ عنی أنْ أصْرفْ كیْدهمْ عنى” kisi shair ka qoul hai:

 

یا أم عمرٍو جزاك اللہ مغْفرة

ردى علی فوادی مثْل ما كانا

 أی أعیدى علی فوادی كماۤ کان فی السابق

 

Istilahi ma’ana: Meeras kay baaz masaail mein Ashaab -ul-Furooz ko asal masla say un kay hissay dainay kay baad kuch hissay baqi bach jaatay hain. Aur masla mein koi Asabah bhi nahi hota keh woh baqi lay leta. In baqi Maandah hisson ko dobaara Ashaab-ul-Furooz kay darmiyaan un kay Sihaam ki nisbat say lautnay ko radd kehtay hain. Radd auwl kay Bar’aks hai yani zid hai. Auwl walay masaail mein Ashaab-ul-Furooz kay hisson ka majmo’ah asal masla say badh jaata hai aur radd walay masaail mein un kay hisson ka majmo’ah asal masla say kam reh jata hai.

 

Ikhtilaaf-ul-Fuqaha fil radd

 

Radd kay baaray mein Sahaba-e-Kiraam mein ikhtilaaf paaya jata tha. Keh radd kay kon kon mustahiq hain?

 

Sayyiduna Umar رضی اللہ عنہ, Sayyiduna Usnaan رضی اللہ عنہ, Abdullah bin Mas’ood رضی اللہ عنہ aur Abdullah bin Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ nay radd ko ikhtiyaar farmaaya tha keh baqi jaedaad ko Ashaab-ul-Furooz par dobaara un kay Sihaam ki nisbat say taqseem kiya jaaye ga. Aur Imam Abu Hanifah رحمہ اللہ ka bhi yahi maslak hai. Aur doosri taraf Sayyiduna Abu Bakar رضی اللہ عنہ aur Zaid bin Saabit رضی اللہ عنہ say manqool hai keh Ashaab-ul-Furooz par radd nahi hoga. Balkeh baqi jaedaad Bait-ul-Maal mein jam’a hogi. Imam Ibn-e-Hazam رحمہ اللہ, Imam Maalik رحمہ اللہ aur Imam Shaf’i رحمہ اللہ ka yahi maslak hai. Lekin sun 200 hijri kay aakhir mein Bait-ul-Maal kay ghalat istemaal ki wajah say Maalkiyah aur Shafi’ah nay bhi baqi jaedaad ko Ashaab-ul-Furooz par radd karnay ko qubool kar liya. Chunancha sab fuqaha ka radd par ijm’a ho gaya.

 

❁ Shuroot-ul-Radd

 

Radd kay masaail ki teen shartein hain. Koi bhi shart kam honay ki soorat mein woh masla radd ka nahi hoga.

 

1: Masla kay wurasa sab kay sab Ashaab-ul-Furooz hon.

2: Masla kay wurasa mein koi Asabah mujood nah ho.

3: Ashaab-ul-Furooz ko un ka muqarrar shuda hissa ada karnay kay baad kuch hissay baqi bach jayen.

 

❁ Wurasa jo radd kay mustahiq hain

 

1: Beti                                                             2: Poti                                               3: ‘Aini Behan

4: ‘Allati Behan                                      5: Akhiyaafi Behan                 6: Akhiyaafi Bhai

7: Daadi                                                       8: Naani                                           9: Maan

 

Note 1: Baap aur Daada donon Sahib-e-Farzz hain aur baaz haalton mein Bator-e-Asabah bhi waaris hotay hain. Agar woh kisi masla mein waaris hon to jo hissa baqi bachay ga woh lay lein gay lehaza woh masla radd ka masla nahi hoga.

Note 2: Khaawand aur Biwi agar radd waly masla mein waaris hon to woh radd kay mustahiq nahi hain. Kiunkeh un ki Mayyat say jo qaraabat hai woh nasab ki qaraabat nahi hai balkeh nikah ki qaraabat hai jo kisi aik ki mout say munqie’ hogai hai. Chunancha baqi tarka deegar waarison par radd kiya jaaye ga.

 

❁ Radd kay masaail ki aqsaam aur un ka hal

 

Radd kay masaail ki chaar qismein hain. Aur un kay hal kay bhi chaar hi qaiday hain.

 

Qaida 1: Agar masla kay wurasa sirf woh hon jo radd kay mustahiq hain aur woh aik hi sinnaf kay hon. Aur un kay hamrah Khawand ya Biwi mein say koi mujood nah ho. To un ka asal masla un kay ruoos ki tadaad ho gi aur woh farzan aur riddan waaris hungay. Maslan Mayyat nay apni chaar Betiyaan ya chay ‘Aini Behnein zindah chodein. To un ka asal masla (4) ya phir (6) hoga. Jo un kay ruoos ki tadaad hai.

 

Qaida 2:Agar masla kay wurasa sirf woh hon jo radd kay mustahiq hain aur woh do ya do say zayada Asnaaf kay hon aur un kay hamrah Khaawand ya Biwi mein say koi bhi nah ho. To un ka asal masla un kay hisson ka majmo’ah hoga. Jo woh asal masla say letay hain.

Misaal: Aik shakhs faut ho gaya aur apni Beti, Poti aur Maan ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (6) hai. Beti ko (1/2) (3) milay. Poti (1/6) (1) mila. Aur Maan ko (1/6) (1) mila. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (3+1+1=5) (5) hai jo asal masla (6) say kam hai is liye yeh masla radd ka hai ab un kay hisson ka majmo’ah (5) is masla ka naya asal hoga.

 

 

5/6

1/2

Beti

3

1/6

Poti

1

1/6

Maan

1

 

 

Qaida 3: (Alif): Agar kisi masla kay wurasa (jo radd kay mustahiq hain) aik hi sinnaf say hon aur un kay hamrah Khaawand ya Biwi hon. To is masla ka hal is tarhan hai keh pehlay Khaawand ya Biwi kay farz ki kasar ko asal masla banayen is mein say Khaawand ya Biwi ko us ka hissa den aur jo hissa baqi bach jaaye usay baqi wuraasa kay darmiyaan taqseem karna hai agar woh baqi wurasa kay ruoos par baghair kasar kay taqseem ho jaye to Khaawand ya Biwi wala asal hi radd kay masla ki jami’a hoga.

Misaal: Aik aurat faut hogai aur apna Khaawand aur 3 Betiyan zindah chodi hain.

Hal:Asal masla (4) hai jo Khaawand kay farz ki kasar hai. Khaawand ko 1/4 (1) mila. Aur baqi (3) teen Betiyon kay hain jo un kay ruoos par pooray pooray taqseem ho rahay hain chunancha is masla ki jami’a (4) ho gai.

 

 

4

1/4

Khaawand

1

Baqi

3 Betiyaan

3

 

(Bay): Agar baqi Maandah hissa baqi wurasa kay ruoos par poora poora taqseem nah ho to dekhna hoga wurasa kay ruoos aur un kay liye baqi hissa kay darmiyaan konsi nisbat paai jati hai. Agar Tabaayun ki nisbat ho to Adad-e-Ruoos ko Khaawand ya Biwi walay asal say zarb den gay aur Haasil-e-Zarb is masla ki jami’a ho ga. Dobaara Adad-e-Ruoos ko Khaawand ya Biwi kay hissa aur baqi Maandah hisson say bhi zarb den gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb ko jami’a kay tahat likhein gay.

Misaal: Aik aurat faut ho gai aur apna Khaawand aur 4 Betiyon ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (4) hai Khaawand ko 1/4 (1) mila aur baqi (3) chaar Betiyon kay hain jo un kay ruoos par pooray pooray taqseem nahi ho rahay. 4 aur 3 kay darmiyaan Tabaayun ki nisbat hai ab Betiyon kay ruoos (4) ko asal masla (4) say zarb den gay (4×4=16) Haasil-e-Zarb (16) is masla ki jami’a hai. Dobaara (4) ko Khaawand kay hissa (1) say zarb den gay. Aur Betiyon kay hissa (3) say bhi zarb den gay is tarhan Khaawand ko (4) aur 4 Betiyon ko (12) milein gay har aik ko ( 3 ).

 

 

4×4

16

1/4

Khaawand

4×1

4

baqi

4 Betiyan

4×3

12

 

(Jeem): Agar baqi Maandah hissay aur baqi wurasa kay ruoos kay darmiyaan tawaafuq ki nisbat ho to wurasa kay ruoos kay tawaafuq ko zojain walay asal say zarb den gay aur Haasil-e-Zarb masla ki jami’a hogi phir is say zojain kay hissay aur baqi wurasa kay hissa say bhi zarb den gay.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi aur 6 ‘Aini behnon ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (4) hai. Biwi ko 1/4 (1) mila aur baqi (3) chay behnon kay hain. Jo un kay ruoos par pooray taqseem nahi ho rahay aur un kay darmiyaan tawaafuq bil sulus ki nisbat hai lehaza (6) ko (3) say taqseem kiya. (6÷3=2) Haasil-e-Taqseem (2) ko Biwi kay asal masla (4) say zarb diya. (4×2=8) Haasil-e-Zarb (8) is masla ki jami’a hai. Dobaara (2) ko Biwi kay hissay aur chay behnon kay hisson say bhi zarb diya. Chunancha Biwi ko (2) aur chay behnon ko (6) milay. Har aik ko (1) mila.

 

 

2×4

8

1/4

Biwi

2×1

2

baqi

4 Behnein

2×3

6

 

Qaida 4: Agar kisi masla kay wurasa jo radd kay mustahiq hain do ya do say zayaada Asnaaf say hon aur un kay hamrah zojain mein say bhi koi aik mujood ho to is masla ko hal karnay kay liye darj zail amal karna hoga.

(Alif ): Sab say pehlay is masla ko yeh muloom karnay kay liye hal karein keh yeh masla radd ka hai ya nahi.

(Bay): Agar yeh radd ka masla ho phir zojain kay farz ki kasar ko asal masla banayen. Is say Khaawand ya Biwi ko us ka hissa den aur baqi Maandah hissay dosray waarison kay hain jaisa keh qaida number 3 mein wazaahat ki gai hai.

(Jeem): Ab radd kay mustahiq wurasa ka asal muloom karein. Un kay hisson ka majmo’ah un ka asal hoga. Jaisa keh qaida number 2 mein bayaan kiya gaya hai.

(Daal):Ab yeh muloom karein keh zojain kay asal mein say baqi Maandah hissa aur radd kay mustahiq waarison kay asal kay darmiyaan tammasul Tabaayun ya tawaafuq mein say konsi nisbat hai. Agar un kay darmiyaan tamaasul ki nisbat hai to zojain kay masla ka asal hi radd kay masla ki jami’a hogi.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi, Maan, Akhiyaafi Behan ko zindah choda.

Hal: Biwi kay farz ki kasar (4) asal masla hai. Biwi ko (1/4) (1) mila aur baaqi Maan aur Akhiyaafi Behan kay liye hain Maan aur Akhiyaafi Behan ka asal masla (6) Maan ko (1/3) (2) milay Behan ko (1/6) (1) mila. In kay hisson ka majmo’ah (2+1=3) (3) hi un kay masla ka asal hai. Ab asal (3) aur Biwi walay asal mein say baqi hissay (3) kay darmiyaan tamaasul ki nisbat hai. Lehaza Biwi wala asal masla (4) hi is masla ki jami’a hai. Jis mein say Biwi ko (1) mila. Maan ko (2) aur Akhiyaafi Behan ko (1) mila.

 

4

 

3×6

4

Biwi 1/4

1

–

–

1

baqi

3

=

=

=

 

1/3

Maan

2

2

 

1/6

Akhiyaafi  Behan

1

1

 

 

✦ Tabaayun ki nisbat ki misaal aur us ka hal

 

Agar zojain kay asal masla mein say baqi hissa aur radd kay mustahiq wurasa kay asal kay darmiyaan tabaayun ki nisbat ho to radd kay mustahiq waarison kay asal ko zojain kay asal masla say zarb den gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb masla ki jami’a hogi phir usay zojain kay hissa say bhi zarb den gay. Aur jawab ko jami’a kay tahat likhein gay. Ab zojain kay asal masla mein say baqi Maandah hissa ko radd kay mustahiq waarison kay hisson say zarb den gay. Aur un kay jawab ko jami’a kay tahat likhein gay.

 

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi Beti aur Maan ko zindah choda.

Hal: Biwi kay farz (1/8) ki kasar (8) asal masla hai Biwi ko (1) mila aur (7) Beti aur Maan kay liye hain. Beti aur Maan ka asal masla (6) Beti ko (1/2) (3) milay aur Maan ko (1/6) (1) mila. In ka majmo’ah (3+1=4) (4) in ka asal masla hai. Ab baqi hissay (7) aur un kay asal (4) kay darmiyaan tabaayun ki nisbat hai lehaza (4) ko (8) say zarb diya. (4×8=32) Haasil-e-Zarb (32) masla ki jami’a hai phir Biwi kay hissa (1) say bhi zarb diya aur jawaab (4) jami’a kay tahat likha. Phir baqi hissay (7) ko Beti aur Maan kay hisson say zarb diya aur un kay jawaab ko jami’a kay tahat likha. Is tarhan Biwi ko (4) milay, Beti ko (21) milay aur Maan ko (7) milay.

 

4×8

 

4/6

32

Biwi 1/8

4×1

=

=

4

Baqi

7

=

=

=

 

1/2

Beti

7×3

21

 

1/6

Maan

7×1

7

 

 

❁ Tawaafuq ki nisbat ki misaal aur us ka hal

 

Agar zojain kay asal masla mein say baqi Maandah hisson aur radd kay mustahiq waarison kay asal kay darmiyaan tawaafuq ki nisbat ho to radd kay mustahiq waarison kay asal kay wfaq say zojain kay asal say zarb den gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb masla ki jami’a hogi. Phir usay zojain kay hissa say bhi zarb den gay ab zojain kay asal mein say baqi Maandah hisson kay wfaq say radd kay mustahiq waarison kay hisson say zarb den gay. Un kay jawaab jami’a kay tahat tahreer karein gay.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi. Dadi, Nani aur 2 Akhyaafi Bhai zindah choday.

Hal: Biwi kay farz (1/4) ki kasar (4) asal masla hai Biwi ko (1) mila, Aur baqi (3) Daadi, Naani aur 2 Akhiyaafi Bhaiyon kay liye hain. In ka asal masla (6) hai Daadi aur Naani ko (1/6) (1) mila. Do Bhaiyon ko (1/3) (2) milay. In ka majmo’ah (1+2=3) (3) in ka asal masla hai. Dadi aur Nani ka hissa (1) un par poora poora taqseem nahi hota is ki asal ki tasheeh karnay kay liye isay un kay ruoos 2 say zarb diya (2×3=6) Haasil-e-Zarb (6) in kay asal ki tasheeh hai. In kay asal (6) aur baqi hissay (3) kay darmiyaan tawaafuq bil sulus hai lehaza (6) ko (3) say taqseem kiya (6÷3=2) is kay jawaab (2) ko Biwi kay asal (4) say zarb diya (4×2=8) Haasil-e-Zarb (8) is masla ki jami’a hai. Phir Biwi kay hissa (1) ko bhi (2) say zarb diya (1×2=2) jawaab (2) Biwi ka hissa hai. Ab baqi (3) ko bhi tawaafuq (3) say taqseem kiya (3÷3=1) jawaab (1) Naani, Daadi aur Bhaiyon kay hisson say zarb diya aur un kay jawaab jami’a kay tahat likha. Is tarhan Biwi ko (2) milay. Daadi aur Naani ko (2) milay har aik ko (1) aur do Bhaiyon ko (4) milay har aik ko (2).

 

2×4

 

6

8

Biwi ¼

1

=

–

2

Baqi

3

=

–

=

 

1/6

Daadi / Naani

1×2

2

 

1/3

2 Akhiyaafi  Bhai

2×2

4

 

Radd kay masaail ko hal karnay ka aik aur aasaan tareeqa he jisay baaz Ulama-e-Meeraas nay ikhtiraa kiya hai. Is mein Al Nasab-ul-Arb’ah tamaasul, Tadaakhul, Tabaayun aur Tawaafuq kay ist’imaal karnay ki zaroorat nahi hai. Is mein zojain kay masla ko hal karein phir ‘alehada un waarison ka masla hal karein jo radd kay mustahiq hun.

Misaal: Aik aadmi nay apni Biwi, 2 Betiyon aur Maan ko zindah choda.

 

Hal:

 

 

5/6

2/3

2 baitiyaan

4

1/6

Maan

1

 

 

 

8

1/8

Biwi

1

Baqi

 

7

 

Biwi ko (1/8) milay aur baqi (7/8) Betiyon aur Maan kay hain. 2 Betiyon aur Maan ka asal masla (5) hai. Betiyon ko (4/5) milay aur Maan ko (1/5) milay.

 

Do Betiyon ka hissa: 8/7×4/5=28/40

Maan ka hissa: 7/8×1/5=7/40

 

Sab waarison ka majmo’ah: Biwi, Do Betiyan, Maan

 

1/8+28/40 +7/40

5+28 +7/40 =40/40

 

Radd kay masla ki jami’a (40) hai. Jis mein say Biwi ko (5) milay. Do Betiyon (28) milay, Aur Maan ko (7) milay.

 

Misaal: Aik aurat apna Khaawand, Beti aur Poti ko zindah chode kar faut hogai.

 

Hal:

 

 

4/6

1/2

Beti

3

1/6

Poti

1

 

 

 

4

1/4

Khawand

1

Baqi

 

3

 

Khawand ko (1/4) milay aur baqi (3/4) Beti aur Poti kay hain. Beti aur Poti ka asal masla (4) hai. Beti ko (3/4) milay aur Poti ko (1/4) milay.

 

Beti ka hissa: 3/4×3/4=9/16

Poti ka hissa: 3/4×1/4=3/16

 

Sab waarison ka majmo’ah: Khaawand, Beti, Poti

 

1/4+9/16+3/16

4+9+3/16=16/16

 

Is masla ki jami’a (16) hai. Khaawand ka hissa (4). Beti ka hissa (9) aur Poti ka hissa (3) hai.

 

 

REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.

 

 

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