18. Haadsaati aur Ijtima’ee tor par marnay waalon ki meeras

Meeras-ul-Gharqa’a wal-Hadma’a wal-Harqa’a

 

✦ Haadsaati aur Ijtima’ee tor par marnay waalon ki meeras:

 

Gharqa’a aur hadma’a say muraad khooni rishtedaaron ka woh guroup hai. Jo aik hi waqt mein kisi sabab ki wajah say faut ho jaayen. Maslan zalzala mein, Chat say neechay dab kar mar gaye ya kashti mein sawaar thay aur kashti gharak hogai, Ya aag mein jal gaye, Ya ta’oon jaisi wabaai marz mein faut ho gaye, Ya hawaai jahaaz kay haadsa mein halaak ho gaye, Aur yeh nah muloom ho sakay kay un mein say pehlay kon mara hai aur baad mein kon faut huwa hai.

 

✦ Gharqa’a aur hadma’a ki meeraas ki taqseem ka tareeqa:

 

Gharqa’a aur hadma’a ki meeras kay baary mein fuqaha’a mein ikhtilaaf paaya jata hai. Ahnaaf, Maalkiyah aur Shaafiyah kay nazdeek agar yeh muloom nah ho sakay kay un mein pehlay kon faut huwa hai to is soorat mein faut shudgaan aapas mein aik dosray kay waaris nahi hungay balkeh har aik ki jaedaad un kay zindah warisoon kay darmiyaan taqseem ki jaye gi. In ki daleel Khalifah-e-Rasool sayyiduna Abu Bakar رضی اللہ عنہ ka woh qoul hai keh jab Jung-e-Yamaama mein bohat say Sahaaba shaheed ho gaye to aap nay Zaid bin Saabit رضی اللہ عنہ ko hukam diya tha keh sirf shaheedon kay zindah waarison ko un ka waaris banaya jaye is tarhan sayyiduna Ameer-ul-Momineen Umar bin Al-Khttaab رضی اللہ عنہ kay ahad mein bohat say log amwaas mein ta’oon ki waba’a mein faut ho gaye to aap nay bhi Zaid bin Saabit رضی اللہ عنہ ko hukum diya keh faut shudgaan kay zindah waarison ko un ka waaris banaaya jaye.

Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal رحمۃ اللہ علیہ farmaatay hain keh agar yeh saabit ho jaye kay sab log aik hi waqt mein wafaat pa gaye hain aur kisi shak ki koi gunjaa’ish nah ho to un kay zindah waaris hi un ki jaedaad kay waaris hon gay jaisa keh Ai’mmah-e-Salasa ka mazhab hai.

Lekin agar yeh saabit nah ho sakay keh woh ikatthay faut hue hain aur yeh bhi muloom nah ho sakay kay un mein say kon pehlay faut huwa hai aur kon baad mein mara hai to phir haadsa mein marnay waalay aik dosray ki puraani jaedad (Al-Talaad) kay waaris hon gay. Lekin nai jaedad (Al-Tareef) yani jo tarkah usay doosri Mayyat say mila hai. Woh us ka waaris nahi hoga. Kiunkeh is say aik hi shakhs ka dobaarah apnay hi Maal ka waaris hona laazim aata hai. Ya’ni khud hi Muwarris aur khud hi waaris yahi raiye Tabieen mein say qaazi Shuraih, Ibraahim Al-Nakh’ee aur Al-Sa’abee رحمۃ اللہ علیہم ki bhi hai. Yahi mazhab raajeh ma’loom hota hai. (واللہ اعلم بالصواب)

Misaal: Do A’ini Bhai aik haadsa mein ikatthay wafaat pagye. Pehlay Bhai nay apni Biwi, Beti aur Chacha zindah choda. Aur dosray Bhai nay apni do Betiyan aur mazkoorah Chacha ko zindah choda.

Hal: Ahnaaf, Maalkiyah, aur Shaafiyah kay mazhab kay mutaabiq donon Bhai aik dosray kay waaris nahi hungay. Balkeh pehlay Bhai ki jaedaad us ki Biwi, Beti aur Chacha kay darmiyaan taqseem kar jaye gi. Is ka asal masa’la (8) hai Biwi ko(1/8), (1) mila, Beti ko (1/2), (4) milay aur baqi (3) Chacha Batoor-e-Asaba lay ga.

		8
1/8	Biwi	1
1/2	Baiti	4
ع	Chacha	3

Dosray Bhai ka tarkah us ki do Betiyon aur Chacha kay darmiyaan taqseem kya jaye ga.

Hal: Is ka asal mas’ala (3) hai do Betiyon ko (2/3) (2) milay aur baqi (1) Chacha Bator-e-Asabah lay ga.

		3
2/3	2 Baitiyan	2
ع	Chacha	1

Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal رحمۃ اللہ علیہ kay mazhab kay mutaabiq donon Bhai aik dosray ki puraani jaedaad (Al-Talaad) kay waaris hungay. In kay masaail ka hal Manaasikha waalay masaail ki tarhan hi hai.

Pehlay Bhai kay mas’ala ki soorat is tarhan hogi. Pehla Bhai apni Biwi Beti, Chacha aur Bhai ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya. Phir jaedaad ki taqseem say qabal dosra Bhai apni do Betiyon aur mazkoorah Chacha ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya.

Dosray Bhai ka masla is tarhan hoga, Dosra Bhai faut ho gaya us nay apni do Betiyan, Chacha aur Bhai ko zindah choda. Phir jaedaad ki taqseem say qabal Bhai apni Biwi, Beti aur mazkoorah Chacha ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya.

 

✯ Pehlay Bhai kay mas’ala ka hal

 

Hal: Is ka jamia (8) hai Biwi ko (1) mila. Beti ko (4) milay. Chacha ko (1) mila. Aur dosray Bhai ki Betiyon ko (2) milay.

		8		3	8
1/8	Biwi	1	=		1
1/2	Beti	4	=		4
م	Chacha	=	Chacha ع	1	1
ع	Bhai	3	Wafaat	=	=
			2/3 Do Betian	2	2

 

✯ Dosray Bhai kay mas’ala ka hal

 

Hal: Is ki jamea (24) hai. Is ki Betiyon ko (16) milay. Chacha ko (3) milay. Dosray Bhai ki Biwi ko (1) mila aur us ki Beti ko (4) milay.

		3×8=24		8×1	24
2/3	Do Betian	2×8=16	=	=	16
م	Chacha	=	Chacha ع	3×1=3	3
ع	Bhai	1×8=8	Wafaat	=	=
			1/8 Biwi	1×1=1	1
			1/2  Beti	4×1=4	4

 

 

REFERENCE:

Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”

By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.