Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah (رحمہ اللہ تعالی)

Main ne 3 teen ashkhaas aise dekhe jo ilm se mahaz Allah ki raza chahte hon, Woh hain Hazrat A’taa, Hazrat Taa’oos aur Hazrat mujahid. رحمہم اللہ اجمعین (salma bin kuhail)

97 hijri zul,Haj ka aakhri ashrah hai. Baitullah mein insaanon ka thaathein maarta hua samandar dikhayi deta hai. Ye Allah Ta’ala ke mahamaan door daraz ka safar tay kar key yahaan pohanchey hain. In mein paidal bhi hain aur sawaar bhi, Budhay bhi hain aur jawan bhi, Kaale bhi hain aur goray bhi, ArAbi bhi hain aur ajmi bhi, Aaqa bhi hain aur ghulam bhi, Yeh sab rabb-e-Kainat kay hazoor sar jhukaye, Ummeedon kay daman phelaye girya zaari karte huye waalehana andaz mein chale aa rahe hain. Jhuke ja rahe hain. Woh dekho nange sar, Nange paon aik tehband pehne aur aik chaadar odhey khalifatul muslimeen suleiman bin abdulmalik jogiyaana andaz mein baitullah ka tawaf kar raha hai, Aaj yahaan sab imtiazaat khatam ho chuke hain. Allah ke darbaar mein sab barabar hain, Khalifa bhi aam riaaya ki tarah hajj ka libaas pehne Darbaar-e-Ilahi mein hazir hain. Iske peeche do aasman Husn-o-Jamal ke badar, Naseem-e-Bostaan, Gauhar-e-Shahdaar, Chand rukh, Khubaroo aur khush atwaar shehzade jogiyana libaas pehne sar jhukaye Darbar-e-Ilahi mein haazir hain. baadshah salamat ne tawaf se faarigh hote hi apne wazeer se poocha, Mufti azam makkah is waqt kahan honge? Usne arz kiya ke wo baitullah ki maghribi janib namaz ada kar rahe hain. Baadshah salamat apne dono beton ke hamrah wahan gaye, Jab us taraf chale to hifizati dastah harkat mein aya usne raasta banane ke liye logon ko peeche hatana chaha lekin baadshah salamat ne apne hifizati daste ko mana kar diya aur farmaya: Yeh Darbar-e-Ilahi hai, Yahaan sab barabar hain. Yahaan wahi afzal hai jiski ibadat qabool ho jaye aur wo muttaqi ho. Yeh kehte huye khalifatul muslimeen uss shakhs ki taraf chal diye jiske baare mein apne wazeer se thodi der pehle poocha tha. Dekha ke woh abhi tak namaz mein masroof hai, Duniya-o-Mafiha se be niyaaz ruku sujood mein munhamik hai. Log iske intezaar mein dayen bayen aur peeche baithe hain. Baadshah bhi wahan aam logon ki tarah baith gay. Aur apne beton ko bhi apne sath baitha liya. Ab yeh dono qureshi shehzaade ghaur se uss shakhs ki taraf dekh rahe hain. Jiski mulaqat ka ishteyaaq Ameerul Momineen aur bohot se deegar afraad ko hai, Sab tiktiki lagaye uski taraf dekh rahe hain. Keh kab namaz se faarigh ho aur wo uss se hum kalam hon, Shehzaade kya dekhte hain keh aik habshi nazad budha, kala bujhang,  Ghungreyaale baal aur chapti naak wala aadmi namaz padh raha hai, Abba huzoor samet sabhi log ab uske intezaar mein hain.

jab yeh shakhs namaz se faarigh hua aur apna rukh uss taraf kiya jidhar Khalifa-e-Waqt jalwa nasheen tha. Ameerul Momineen suleiman bin abdulmalik ne moddebana salam arz kiya. To isne bade be-Niyazi ke andaaz mein salam ka jawab diya. Dua salaam ke baad Ameerul Momineen ne hajj ke masaail daryaft karna shuru kiye aur usne har masle ka tafseeli aur modallal jawab diya. Jab tamam masaail daryaft kar liye to Ameerul Momineen Suleiman bin Abdulmalik ne us shakhs ka shukariya ada kiya aur dono beton ko saath liya aur safa marwah ki taraf chal diye. Dar-a-An-e-Haal yeh ke wo safa marwa ke darmiyan sai’i kar rahe the ke shehzadon ne munadi ki awaaz suni woh pukaar pukaar kar yeh keh raha tha: Musalmanon! Zara ghaur se suno is muqaddas maqam Baitullah mein A’taa bin Abi Rabah ke ilawah logon ko koi aur shakhs fatwa jaari nahi kar sakta. Haan kisi wajah se agar woh yahaan maujood na hon to unki ghair haazri mein Abdullah bin Abi Najeeh ko fatwa dene ka haq hai. Yeh ailaan sun kar aik shehzaade ne apne baap ki taraf dekhte huye poocha abba huzoor hukoomat ka aik kaarinda yeh ailaan kar raha hai kay yahaan A’taa  bin Abi Rabah  ke ilawah koi fatwa nahi de sakta. Halaan ke aap ne thodi der pehle aik shakhs se deeni masaail daryaft kiye jo bazahir mamooli sa maloom hota tha, Usney apki koi parwah bhi nahi ki aur na hi wo apki koi tazeem baja laya. Yeh baat sun kar Ameerul Momineen ne apne beaty se kaha: Mere pyare beaty! Woh shakhs jiske samne hum baa adab baithe deeni masaail daryaft kar rahe the, Wahi to A’taa bin Abi Rabah hai, Tum aaj uski Shaan-e-Be niyaazi aur hamari uske saamne aajizi, Inkisaari-o-Darmaandagi ka Bashashm-e-Khud mushahada kar chuke ho. Yeh azeem shakhsiyat apne ilm, Amal aur taqwa ki wajah se aaj yahaan Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہما) ke masnad ki waaris hai.

Phir farmaya: beta! Ilm haasil karo. Ilm aik kamine shakhs ko moazzaz bana deta hai. Gumnaam ko shohrat ata karta hai, Aur ghulaam ko baadshah bana deta hai.

Ameerul Momineen Suleiman bin Abdul malik ne ilm ki shaan k mutalliq koi mubaalagha araai nahi ki thi, Balke aik haqeeqat ka inkishaaf kiya tha. Kyun kay yahi A’taa  bin Abi Rabah bachpan mein aik makki maaldaar aurat ke ghulaam the, Lekin Allah Ta’ala ne is habshi ghulaam ko bachpan hi se ilm ki taraf raaghib kar diya tha, Unhon ne apne waqt ko teen hisson mein taqseem kar diya tha. Aik hissa apni aqaa makki khatoon ki khidmat kay liye waqf tha, Aur is mein poori jaanfashaani se gharelu kaam kaaj mein masroof rehte. Doosra hissa apne rabb ki ibadat ke liye makhsoos tha jis mein poore inhemaak se Ibadat-e-Ilahi mein masroof rehte aur teesra hissa Husool-e-Ilm ke liye khaas tha aur is mein Hazrat Abu Hurairah (رضی اللہ عنہ), Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہما) Hazrat Abdullah bin Zubair (رضی اللہ عنہما) aur unke ilawah jo bhi sahaba karaam (رضی اللہ عنہم اجمعین) us waqt maujood the, Unke saamne unhon ne zaanwey talammuz tay kiye. Yahaan tak ke unka seena ilm, Fiqh aur Ahadees-e-Rasool (ﷺ) se mamoor hu gaya.

Jab daulatmand makki khatoon ne yeh dekha keh is ghulam ne apney apko Allah kay liye bach dala hai. Aur apni zindagi Husool-e-Ilm ke liye waqf kar di hai to is raham dil khatoon ne Allah Ta’ala ki khushnoodi haasil karne ke liye ise apni ghulaami se azaad kar diya taakeh is se islaam aur musalmanon ko fayeda pohanche. Azaadi milte hi Hazrat A’taa  bin Abi Rabah ne Baitullah  mein deary daal diye. Isi ko apna ghar samjha keh jis mein unhon ne panah li, Usi ko apna madarsa samjha ke jis mein woh ilm haasil karen aur isi ko apni ibadat gaah samjha ke jis mein Taqwa-o-Taa’t ke zariye Allah Ta’ala ka taqarrub haasil kiya jata hai.

Muarrikheen ka is baat par ittefaaq hai ke musalsal bees (20) saal Hazrat A’taa  bin Abi Rabah  masjid haraam mein muqeem rahe.

Jaleelul qadar taba’i Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah(رحمہ اللہ) ilm ke aik aise Aa’la-o-Arfa maqam par fa’ez huye jis per unke hum asar Tabi’een mein se chand aik ke ilawah koi fa’ez na ho saka. Aap unke ilmi maqam ka is se andazah lagayen kay jab Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (رضی اللہ عنہما) umrah ada karne ke liye makkah muazzamah tashreef le gaye to wahaan ke log unse deeni masaail daryaft karne ke liye umad pade. Har aik ki khuwahish thi ke aagy badh kar unse koi na koi deeni masla poochy. Aap ne inhen dekh kar yeh irshaad farmaya : Ahle makkah! Mujhay yeh manzar dekh kar bohat tajjub hua ke aap joq dar joq mujh se deeni masaail daryaft karne ke liye aate hain jabke ibn-e-Abi Rabah har waqt tumhare darmiyan yahaan maujood hain. Inse behtar deeni masail bhala kaun janta hai! .

Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah ilm aur amal ke is maqam par apni do aadaton ki binaa par fa’ez huye:

1: Aik to unhen apne nafs par kaamil darjay ka control tha, Woh apne nafs ko iska mauqa hi nahi dete the kay woh laa’yaani umoor se lazzat haasil kar sakey.

2: Doosra unhen apne waqt ka bohat ehsaas tha, Unhon ne kabhi bhi kisi fazool baat ya fazool kaam mein apna waqt zaaya nahi kiya.

Koofey ke jayyad Aalim-e-Deen aur maaroof ibadat guzaar janab muhammad bin sooqa ki ziyarat karne kay liye kuch log unki khidmat mein haazir huye to aap ne in zae’reen se irshaad farmaya: Kya main aaj apko aik aisi baat bataoun jis ne mujhe bohat fayeda pohanchaya. Ho sakta hai yeh baat tumhe bhi fayeda de.

Sab ne bayak  zuban ho kar kaha: Kyun nahi! Zarur bataiye. Irshaad farmaya: Mujhe Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah (رحمہ اللہ) ne aik din naseehat karte huye farmaya: Beta: hum se pehle log yani sahaba ikaraam (رضی اللہ عنہم اجمعین) fazool baaton ko na pasand kiya karte thay. Main ne daryaft kiya: Huzoor fazool baaton se kiya muraad hai? Unhon ne farmaya: Quran majeed padhny or ise samajhny, Hadees-e-Rasool bayaan karny aur is pe amal karny, Naiki ka hukm deny ya burai se rokny ya aisa ilm haasil karny jo Qurb-e-Ilahi ka baayes ho ya apni zarurat aur ma’ashiyat ke baary mein aisi baat karny se jis ke baghair koi chaara kaar na ho.

Inke ilawah sahaba ikaraam (رضی اللہ عنہم اجمعین) har baat ko fazool tasawwur kiya karte thay.

Phir inhon ne meri taraf ghaur se dekha aur farmaya keh: tumhe yeh maloom nahi!

وَاِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحٰفِظِيْنَ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِيْنَ

Phir unhon ne irshaad farmaya: Kya hum mein se kisi aik ke saamne uska woh Naama-e-Aamal nashar kar diya jaye jo usne sirf din ke pehle hisse mein murattab karaya? Kya usy apni bad aamaliyon ki aik lambi fehrist dekh kar sharam mehsoos nahi ho gi? Kya usy is baat ka shiddat se ehsaas na hoga ke mein ne jo kuch bhi kiya na is se deeni fayeda hua aur na duniyavi?

Bila shubah Allah Ta’ala ne Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah (رحمہ اللہ) ke ilm se bohat se logon ko fayeda pohanchaya. Faiz yaaftagaan mein ahle ilm bhi hain aur Ahle Sana’at-o-Hirfat bhi aur inke ilawah aur bhi bey shumaar logon ne fayeda uthaya.

Imam Abu Hanifa (رحمہ اللہ) bayan karte hain: Manasik-e-Hajj ki adayegi ke dauran mujhe Ajeeb-o-Ghareeb Soorat-e-Haal se dochaar hona pada jiski taraf aik hajjaam ne meri tawajjah dilayi. Woh is tarah, Mein tawaf aur sa’i se faarigh ho kar hajjaam ke paas gaya taake hajaamat banwa kar ehraam khol doon.

Main ne hajjaam se poocha hajaamat ke kitne paise loge? Us ne barjasta jawab diya Allah apki rahnumayi farmaye, Ibadat ki qeemat nahi lagayi jati. Baitho jo mayassar ho de dena. Mein yeh sun kar sharminda hua aur baith gaya. Usne qiblah rukh ho kar baithne ke liye kaha. Yeh sun kar mujhe aur zyada sharmindagi mehsoos hui, Main qiblah rukh ho kar baitha aur sar ki bayen jaanib hajjaam ki taraf kar di to us ne kaha janab dayen taraf qareeb kijiye to mein ne sar ki dayen taraf uske qareeb kar di, Usne meri hajaamat karna shuru ki aur mein tajjub aur hairat mein dooba hua khamosh apni hajamat banwa raha tha to usne kaha: Janab! Aap khamosh kyun baithe hain? Aap baa awaaz buland Allah-o-Akbar kahen. Maine Allah-o-Akbar kehna shuru kar diya. Yahaan tak ke hajamat se faarigh ho gaye. Aur use paise ada kar diye. Jaane laga to usne poocha kahan ka irada hai to maine kaha ab ghar jaa raha hoon to usne mujhe kaha Hazrat pehle do rakat padh lein iske baad jahan chahen tashreef le  jayen, Maine do rakat namaz ada ki aur apne dil mein kaha yeh hajjaam to koi Jayyad-e-Alim maloom hota hai. Namaz se faarigh ho kar main us ke paas gaya aur poocha ke yeh baatein aap ne kahan se haasil ki? Us ne kaha: Allah apki zuban mubarak kare. Mufti-e-Azam makkah Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah se maine yeh ilm haasil kiya. Aur mein ne bohat se logon ko in ma`saail ki taraf tawajjah dilayi.

Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah par duniya badi meherbaan hui, Lekin unhon ne duniya se har mumkin ijtenaab kiya aur zindagi bhar sirf aik qameez par guzara kiya aur qameez bhi aisi pehente jiski qeemat 5 dirham se zyada na hoti.

Hukmraanon ne beshtar mawaqey par unhen apne darbar mein aane ki dawat di lekin unhon ne hattal’imkaan wahaan jaane se ijtenaab kiya. Unhen iss baat ka andesha tha ke baadshahon ke darbaar mein haaziri se meri ruhaani kaifiyat dhundla jayegi, lekin kabhi kabhar musalmanon ke fayede ki khatir Khalifa-e-Waqt ke darbaar mein chale jaya karte thay.

Usman bin A’taa-e-Khurasaani bayan karte hain ke mein apne abba jaan ke sath Hishaam bin Abdul malik ki mulaqat ke liye apne umdah ghodey par sawar ho kar daarul hukoomat dimishq ki jaanib rawana hua. Raaste mein kya dekhta hoon ke aik boodha aadmi moti aur khurdari qameez pehne huye, Boseedah jubbah zaib tan kiye huye aur mamooli si topi sar par pehne, Siyah rang kay gadhe par sawar khuraama khuraama dimishq ki jaanib rawan dawan hai. Mujhe yeh manzar dekh kar hansi aa gayi, Main ne muskuraate huye apne abba huzoor se poocha: Yeh Ajeeb-o-Ghareeb aadmi kaun hai? Abba jaan ne kaha: Khamosh raho yeh fuqha’e hijaaz ke sardar A’taa bin Abi Rabah hain, Jab woh hamare qareeb aye to abba jaan ghode se utar kar unse baghal geer huye.

Donon ne aik doosre se haal daryaft kiya, Phir dono apni apni sawari par sawar huye aur so-e-Manzil chal diye yahan tak keh Hishaam bin Abdul malik ke mehel ke darwaze par ja khade huye. Abhi wahan pohanche thodi hi der hui thi ke andar se bulawa aa gaya. Mery abba jaan aur inke saathi buzurg Mufti-e-Azam makkah A’taa bin Abi Rabah andar tashreef le gaye aur mein wahin khada raha.

Jab dono buzurg darbar se bahar aaye to main ne abba jaan se poocha Ameerul Momineen se mulaqat kaisi rahi? Farmaane lage: Jab Ameerul Momineen Hishaam bin Abdul malik ko pata chala ke bahar mehel ke darwaze par A’taa bin Abi Rabah khade hain. To fauran unhen andar aane ki dawat di gayi, Ba-Khuda mujhe bhi inhi ki wajah se darabar mein jane ka mauqa mila. Jab Hishaam ne unhen aate huye dekha to tazeeman khada ho gaya. Aur waalehana andaz mein musalsal khush aamdeed kehne laga. Yahaan tak ke unhen apne barabar takht par baitha liya. Darbar mein us waqt mulk ki aham shakhsiyaat jalwah afroz thi. Sab aik doosre se mehwe guftagu they lekin unhen dekh kar sab khamosh ho gaye.

Ameerul Momineen Hishaam bin Abdul Malik ne A’taa bin Abi Rabah  ko mukhatib hote huye poocha: Abu Muhammad kaise aana hua? Farmaya: Ameerul Momineen harmain shareefain ke bashindey اللہ جل جلالہ ke mehmaan aur Rasool-e- Akram ﷺ ke padosi hain. Meri guzaarish hai ke unke wazaaif muqarrar kar dijiye. Ameerul Momineen ne apne munshi ko mukhatib ho kar kaha: Makkah aur Madinah ke tamam bashindon ko saal bhar ke ikhrajaat ki hukumat ki taraf se adayegi ka hukm likh dijiye.

Phir poocha mere laiq aur koi khidmat? Farmaya: Haan Ameerul Momineen Ahl-e-Hijaaz aur Ahl-e-Najad asal arab aur islaam ke sapoot hain. Meri tajveez hai inke sadqaat ka waafir hissa inhin par luta diya jaye. Ameerul Momineen ne ye tajveez sunte hi kaatib ko iski tameel ka hukm diya.

Phir poocha Abu Muhammad mere liye aur koi khidmat? Farmaya: Haan Ameerul Momineen sarhadon par dafayi khidmaat sar anjaam dene wale maujahideen mulk ki badi aham khidmat sar anjaam de rahe hain. Jab bhi koi dushman mulk ki taraf buri nigaah se dekhta hai to ye uske muqable mein seena supar ho jate hain. Mujhe maloom hua hai ke unhen bohot kam muawza diya jata hai, agar ye bhook ki wajah se halaak ho gaye to yaad rakhna mulk ki sarhaden ghair mehfooz ho jayengi.

Ye sunte hi Ameerul Momineen ne fauran wahaan waafir miqdaar mein rashan bhejne aur mazeed sahulaten baaham pohanchane ka hukm  diya.

Phir poocha: Abu Muhammad mere laiq koi aur khidmat? Farmaya: Haan Ameerul Momineen zimmi logon se inki taqat se badh kar tax (ٹیکس) wasool na kiya jaye. Ameerul Momineen ne ye hukm bhi fauran nafiz kar diya ke kisi bhi zimmi se isk taqat se badh kar tax (ٹیکس) wasool na kiya jaye.

Phir poocha Abu Muhammad mere laiq aur koi khidmat? Farmaya: Haan. Ameerul Momineen har waqt apne baare mein Allah se darte raho. Yaad rakho tujhe akaila paida kiya gaya. Tum akele hi maroge. Aur akele hi tujhe qabar se uthaya jayega. Allah ki qasam koi bhi in darbariyon se tumhare sath na hoga. Hishaam bin Abdul Malik sar jhukaye huye Zaar-o-Qataar rony lage. 

Ise rota hua chod kar Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah wahan se uth kar chal pade aur main bhi sath ho liya, Jab hum mehel ke darwaze par pohanche to aik aadmi bhari hui theli le kar aya aur A’taa bin Abi Rabah se kaha ye aap ke liye Ameerul Momineen ne bheji hai qubool kijiye, Poocha ye kya hai? Arz kiya ke iska to mujhe ilm nahi, Ameerul Momineen ke hukm  ki tameel karte huye apki khidmat mein pesh kar raha hoon.

Farmaane lagay: Afsoos sad afsos main ne ye baaten koi zaati fayedah uthaane ke liye nahi ki thin aur sath hi ye ayat tilawat kar di.

وَمَآ اَسْـَٔــلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ اَجْرٍ ۚ اِنْ اَجْرِيَ اِلَّا عَلٰي رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِيْنَ

 “اس پہ میں تم سے کوئی  اجر نہیں مانگتا میرا  اجر تو پروردگار عالم پر ہے”۔

Ye kaha aur theli lene se inkaar karte huye mehel se bahir aa gaye. Bakhuda ye Ameerul Momineen ke paas gaye aur phir wahan se uth kar aa gaye aur wahan se aik qatrah tak paani na piya.

اللہ اکبر وللہ الحمد

Hazrat A’taa bin Abi Rabah  رحمه الله ne soo (100) umr paayi, Umar bhar ilm aur amal ko apna Sarmaya-e-Hayat samjha. Sari zindagi neki aur taqwah ke khugar rahe. Poori umar logon se be parwayi aur Allah Ta’ala ki taraf raaghib rahe. Jab maut ka waqt aya to duniya ke bojh se apne kandhon ko azad paya aur nek amaal toshah’aakhirat ke liye waafir miqdaar mein maujood thay. Iske ilawah sattar (70) hajj kiye sattar (70) martaba Maidaan-e-Arfaat mein waqoof ka mauqa mayassar aya. Is dauran wo musalsal Allah Ta’ala ki raza aur jannat ka sawal karte rahe, Nez Allah Ta’ala ki naraazgi aur jahannum se panah maangte rahe.

Allah inse raazi aur woh Allah se raazi.

Hazrat a’ta bin Abi Rabah (رحمه الله) ke mufassall Halat-e-Zindagi maloom karne  ke liye darj zail kitaabon ka mut’ala kijiye:                  

1: Al Tabaqat ul Kubra Ibe-e- Saad                                  2/386 2: Hilyat ul Awliya Abu Nuaem Asfhani                          3/310 3: Sifat ul Safwah Ibe-e-Jawzi                                         2/211 4: Garar ul Khasais                                                                  Page: 117 5: Wafyat ul A’awan Ibe-e-Khalkan                              3/361 6: Tabaqat ul Sherazi                                                           page: 261 7: Nukat ul Himyan                                                               Page: 17 8: Meezan ul Aitidal                                                               2/197 9: Tazkirat ul Huffaz                                                               1/91 10: Tahzeeb ul Tahzeeb                                                         7/199 11: Nuzhat ul Khawatir                                                          1/85

 

REFERENCE:

Book: “Hayat-e-Taba’een kay Darakhsha pahelo”

Taleef :  Dr. Abdur Rahman Rafat Al- Pasha.

Urdu Translation : By Professor Mehmood Ghaznofer