Hazrat ‘Amir Bin Surahbeel Al Sha’bi (رحمہ اللہ)

Imam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ mutabahhir Alim, Mustanad Faqeeh aur Burdbar Azeem mazhabi rehnuma thay. Har maidan main unki azmat ka loha maana jata tha. (Hasan Basri رحمہ اللہ)

Farooq-e-Aa’zam (رضی اللہ عنه) ki khilafat ko che (6) saal beet gaye keh musalmaanon me aik Nahif-o-Laghar bacha paida hua. Maa kay pait me judwa bhai kay sharik parwarish paane ki wajah say uski puri tarah nashonuma na ho saki. Lekin jab bacha bada hua to Maidan-e-Ilm-o-Danish, Burdbaari, Faham-o-Faraasat aur aqbariat me koi bhi unka muqabla na kar saka. Yehi woh Amir Bin Surahbeel hain jo musalmaanon ke nabghah asar Imam Sha’bi kay naam say mashoor huye.

Imam Sha’bi Kufa me paida huye aur wahin parwarish payi. Lekin Madina Munawarrah inka Manzoor-e-Nazar aur dil pasand sheher tha. Lekin Sahaba karaam رضي اللہ عنهم say milnay aur unsay Kasb-e-Faiz karnay aksar wahan jaya karte thay. Isi tarah Sahaba karaam رضي اللہ عنهم ka jihad ki gharz ya sakunat ki khatir ghar bananay kay liye aksar Kufa aana jana rehta. Is tarah unhein panch sad Sahaba kiraam رضي اللہ عنهم say milnay ka sharf hasil hua. Bohat say Sahaba kiraam say Hadees riwayat karnay ki s’aadat hasil hui. Jinme say Hazrat Zaid Bin Sabit, Hazrat Abu Musa Ash’ri, Hazrat Abu Sa’eed Khudri, Hazart Num’an Bin Bashir, Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar, Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas, Hazrat Adi Bin Hatim, Hazrat Abu Hurairah, Umm ul Momineen Hazrat ‘Ayesha رضی اللہ عنہم اجمعین  Qabil-e-Zikr hain.

Imam Sha’bi raushan dimagh, Bedaar dil, Bareek been, Zood-o-Faham, Quwwat-e-Hafizah aur yaaddaasht me Allah ki nishani thay.

Woh khud bayan karte hain keh maine kabhi koi baat kaghaz par nahi likhi. Aur na hi kabhi aisa hua keh kisi shakhs ne meray samne hadees bayan ki ho aur woh mujhe yaad na rahi ho aur na hi kabhi aisa hua keh kisi shakhs ne mujhe koi baat kahi ho aur maine usay dubara dohrane kay liye kaha ho. Imam sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ilm kay dildadah aur ma’arfat hasil karnay kay mushtaq thay, Woh Ilm-o-M’aarfat hasil karnay me intehayi mehnat karte aur us ki wajah se Masayeb-o-Mushkilat ko jhelte huye khushi mehsoos karte.

Yeh aksar kaha karte thay: Agar aik shakhs kisi aisi baat ko hasil karnay kay liye door daraaz ka safar ikhtiyar kare jo us kay mustaqbil me mufeed sabit ho sakti hai to mere nazdeek uska safar raayega nahi gaya. Imam Sha’bi ilm kay buland maqam par fayez thay.

Woh farmaate hain: Main ne sab say kam Sher-o-Shayeri ka ilm hasil kya lekin phir bhi agar mahina bhar ash’aar sunata rahoon log sunte rahain, Alhamdulillah pehle ashaar dohray baghair suna sakta hoon.

Kufah ki markazi Masjid main Imam Sha’bi ka aik ilmi halqa qayem tha. Log is me joq dar joq shareek hote. Aik martabah Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (رضی اللہ عنه) ne Masjid main Imam Sha’bi ko islami ghazwat ki dastaane tafseel kay sath nihayat dilpazir andaz main bayan karte huye ghaur say suna. Aur farmaaya: Jo waqiyat aur daastaanein yeh bayan kar rahe hain. In me say baa’z ka maine khud mushahida kya lekin main is tarah bayan nahi kar sakta jis qadar tafseel aur dilchasp andaz main yeh bayan kar rahe hain. Imam Sha’bi ki Wus’at-e-Ilmi aur hazir dimagh kay shawahid beshumar milte hain.

Woh khud bayan karte hain keh meray paas do aadmi aay dono aik doosre kay khilaaf Fakhar-o-Mohabbat ka izhar kar rahe thay aik qabilah Banu Amir me say tha aur doosra qabilah Banu Asad me say tha. Aamri Apnay muqabil Asadi par ghalbah paye huye usay meri taraf ghaseet’ta hua la raha tha aur woh bechara us kay samnay bebas nazar aa raha tha aur baar baar bechargi say keh raha tha. Mujhe chod do. Khudara mujhe chod do teri meharbani  mujhe chhod do. Woh keh raha tha main nahi chodunga, Hargiz nahi chodunga. Tawaqt yah keh Imam Sha’bi hamary darmiyan faisla kar dein. Main ne Aamri say kaha: Is bechare ko chod do, Main abhi tumhare darmiyan faisla kiye deta hoon.

Phir maine Asadi say kaha: Tum is tarah kyun jhuke huye ho? aakhir kyun bhigi billi bane huye ho? Kya tum apnay qabile ki tareekh nahi jante? Apnay aslaaf kay kaarnamon ko bhool chukay ho.

Suno: Tumhary qabile main aisi che (6) khoobiyan payi jati hain jo kisi aur Arab qabile main nahi payi jati.

• Pehli khubi yeh hai keh Sayyid ul khalq Shah-e-Umam Sultan-e-Madinah (ﷺ) ka nikah Allah Ta’ala ne aasman par apnay qabile ki aik aurat say padhaya aur safarat kay faraiz Hazrat Jibraeel علیہ السلام ne sar anjaam diye. Is azeem khatoon ka naam Zainab Binte Jahash (رضی اللہ عنها) hai jo Umm ul Momineen kay khil’at-e-Fakhrah say nawazi gayeen.
• Doosri khubi yeh hai keh aap kay qabile main aik aisa khush naseeb shakhs paya jata hai jis kay mutalliq Darbaar-e-Risalat say yeh khush khabri di gayi keh jo koi roye zameen par kisi jannati shakhs ko chalte huye dekhna chahta hai woh Ukaasha bin Mahsan (رضی اللہ عنه) ko dekh le.
• Teesri khubi yeh hai keh musalmaanon me sab se pehle jis kay hath me jhanda thamaya gaya, woh Abdullah bin Jahash (رضی اللہ عنه) bhi tumhare qabile ka aadmi hai.
• Islam main pahli ghaneemat jis ki taqseem ki gayi us ka talluq bhi tumhary qabile say tha.
• Bai’t-e-Rizwan me jis shakhs ne sab say pehle Shahe–Umam Sultan-e-Madinah ﷺ kay haath par bai’t karnay ki sa’adat hasil ki woh bhi tumhary qabile ka aadmi tha jis ka naam Abu Sinaan Bin wahab رضی اللّٰہ عنه hai, Woh bai’t kay baad sab say pehle Rasool-e-Aqdasﷺ ki khidmat-e-Aqdas main hazir hua, Arz ki: Huzoor apna hath aage kijye main aap kay Dast-e-Mubarak par bai’t karna chahta hoon, Aap ne pucha kis buniyad par bai’t karna chahte ho? Usne arz ki ya Rasoolullah ﷺ jo aap kay dil main hai usi buniyad par bai’t karna chahta hoon aap ne pucha meray dil main kya hai?

Us ne kaha: Fatah ya shahadat.

Aap ne farmaaya: Bilkul durust, Phir apna haath aage badhaya us ne bai’t ki. us kay baad logon ne Rasool-e-Aqdas ﷺ kay Dast-e-Mubarak par bai’t ki.

• Aap kay qabile ki chati khubi yeh hai keh Ghazwa-e-Badar main jo muhajureen shaamil huye unka saatwan hissa aap kay qabile par mushtamil tha.

Aamri yeh tafseel sunkar shashdar reh gaya aur bilkul khamosh ho gaya.

Is me koi shaq nahi keh Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ne yeh andaaz ikhtiyar hi isliye kya tha keh kamzor ko taaqatwar par ghalib kya jaye.

Agar Aamri maghloob hota to yaqeenan uski qaum kay aisay ausaaf bayan karte jo usay khud maloom na hote.

Jab Abdul Malik bin Marwan Masnad-e-Khilafat par jalwah afroz hua to usne Iraq kay Governor  Hajjaj Bin Yousuf ko likha keh mere paas aik aise shakhs ko bhejain jo Deen-o-Duniya kay aitebaar say mumtaaz ho. Main usay apna Hamrazdaan-o-Hamnasheen banana chahata hoon. Us ne Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ko us kay paas bheja aur Khalifa  nay unhein apnay khawaas me shaamil kar liya. Khalifat ul muslimeen hamesha mushkil masayel ki gutthiyan suljhaane kay liye unkay Ilm-o-Danish say istafaadah karte aur kathin maraahil main unki raaye par aitemaad karte aur baadshaahon say mulaqaat kay liye unhein apna safeer bana kar bhejte.

Aik martabah Khalifat ul muslimeen ne Hazrat Imaam Sha’bi ko aik khasoosi paighaam de kar Shah-e-Rome ki taraf bheja. Jab yeh uskay darbaar main pohchay. Us say mulaqaat ki to woh unki zahaanat, Faraasat, Siyasi soojh boojh, Wus’at-e-Muta’la aur Zor-e-Bayani say bohat mutaasir hua. Shah-e-Rome ne kayi roz unhein apnay paas mu’aziz mehmaan ki haisiyat say rakha. Haalankeh zyada der woh kisi bhi safeer ko apnay paas nahi thehraya karta tha.

Jab aap ne Shah-e-Rome say wapis Damishq jane kay liye ijazat chahi to Shah-e-Rome ne us say pucha kya aap shahi khandaan say hain?

Farmaaya: Nahi. Main aam musalmaanon me say hoon. Jab Shah-e-Rome ne unhein wapis jane ki ijazat de di to kaha: Jab aap Khalifa Abdul Malik bin Marwah kay paas jayen to apnay mushaahide kay mutabiq tamaam ma’loomat unhein baham pohnchayen. Aur baad me mera yeh ruq’a unhein de dena.

Jab Imaam Sha’bi Damishq pohche to sab se pehle Khalifat ul muslimeen Abdul Malik Bin Marwan say mulaqaat ki rome kay mut’aliq apnay mushahidaat aur taassuraat bayan kiye. Khalifat ul muslimeen ne jo sawalaat kiye unka tasalli bakhsh jawaab diya. Jab wapas jaane kay liye uthe to farmaaya:

Shah-e-Rome ne aap kay liye yeh khat diya tha woh Ameer ul Momineen ko pakdaya aur chal diye.

Jab Khalifat ul muslimeen ne khat padha to apne darbaarn say kaha Imaam Sha’bi ko meray paas bulaa kar lao woh wapis darbaar me aaye. Khalifa ne pucha kya aap ko maloom hai is khat me kya likha hua hai? Aap ne farmaaya: Nahi! mujhe kuch nahi maloom keh is khat kay mandarjaat kya hain.

Khalifa Abdul Malik bin Marwan ne kaha Shah-e-Rome ne mujhe is khat me likha hai, Arab qaum par mujhe bada ta’ajub hai jis ne is Azeem naujawaan ko chod kar kisi aur ko apna badshaah banaya hai.

Imam Sha’bi ne fauran jawab diya: Us ne yeh baat is liye likh di hai keh us ne aap ko dekha nahi agar dekha hota to woh  qat’an yeh baat tehreer na karta. Khalifa Abdul Malik ne kaha: Kya tum jante ho keh Shah-e-Rome ne yeh kyun likha? Aapne farmaaya: Nahi.

Khalifa Abdul Malik ne kaha: Yeh baat us ne haasidana jazbe say likhi hai usne yeh shaitaani andaaz ikhtiyaar kar kay mujhe aap ko qatal karnay par baraagikhtah kya hai. Aur us ne aap jesay Zaheen-o-Fateen sapoot say Ummat-e-Muslimah ko mehroom karnay ki napaak koshish ki hai. Jab yeh baat Shah-e-Rome tak pohchi to woh besaakhta pukaar utha keh is qaum par ghaalib nahi aaya ja sakta jis ka Khalifa is qadar Zaheen-o-Fateen hai. Bakhudaa mera yahi irada tha jo Khalifat ul muslimen kay zehan me aaya.

Imaam Sha’bi ka apnay daurr kay chaar bade Ulamaa me shumaar honay laga. Imaam Zuhri farmaaya karte they: Is daur ke chaar Ulamaa hain:

1- Madinah me Sa’eed bin Maseeb (رحمہ اللہ)

2- Kufah me Amir Bin Surahbeel Al Sha’bi (رحمہ اللہ)

3- Basrah me Hasan-e-Basri (رحمہ اللہ)

4- shaam me Makahool (رحمہ اللہ)

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ki tawazu aur inkasaari ka yeh aalam tha keh jab koi unhein Sheikh ya aalim kay laqab say pukaarte to aap sharmindgi mehsoos karte. Aik shakhs ne aap say kaha: Aalim-e-Bemisaal Faqeeh-e-Bebadal mujhe yeh maslah to bata dein.

Aap ne alqabaat sun kar farmaaya keh: Aap mujhe itna na badhaya karein aur farmaaya: Faqeeh usay kehte hain jo Allah Ta’ala ki haraam kardah chizon say parhaiz karay, Aalim woh hai jo Allah say daray aur main is maqaam par kahan. Usne aik aur maslah pucha aap ne farmaaya: Is kay mut’aliq Ameer ul Momineen Hazrat Umar bin khataab (رضی اللہ عنه) ka yeh irshaad hai aur Hazrat Ali رضي الله عنه ka yeh mouqaf hai.

Saail ne kaha: janab aap ki is masle kay mut’aliq kya raay hai? Aap sharmaate huye muskuraye aur farmaaya:

Jab aapne Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattaab (رضی اللہ عنه) aur Sayyiduna Ali (رضي الله عنہ) kay aqwal sun liye, Wahan meri raye ya qaul sun kar kya karoge!

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ Shareef ul tab’a aur Khush akhlaq thay woh jhagde ko qat’ai na pasand karte thay aur hamesha fazool baaton say ijtenaab kiya karte thay. Aik din aap kay kisi sathi ne pucha.

Aye Abu Umar! (Ye Imaam Sha’bi ki kuniyat hai) un do ashkhaas kay baare me aap ki kya raye hai, Jin kay mut’alliq aaj log ghar ghar baatain kar rahe hain?

Farmaaya: Un do ashkhaas say aap ki muraad kaun hain?

Usne kaha: Hazrat Usmaan (رضی اللہ عنہ) aur Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنہ).

Aap ne farmaaya: Ye dono meri aankhon kay taare aur sar kay taaj hain. Dono ko qadar ki nigah say dekhta hoon, Dono ki ta’ zeem mere dil me payi jati hai. Dono ummat kay mohsin hain, Dono jannati hain, Dono Shah-e-Umam Sultan-e-Madinah ﷺ kay manzoor-e-Nazar thay, Phir farmaaya: Allah ki qasam main qayamat kay din Hazrat Usmaan Bin Affaan (رضی اللہ عنه) aur Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) kay darmiyaan koi farq karnay wale kay roop me pesh nahi hona chahta.

Hazart Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ilm-o-Danish aur Hilm-o-Khush tab’i kay maalik thay. Aik dafa aik shakhs ne unhein gandi gaali di aur aap kay khilaaf harzah suraai ki aur bohat hi behooda baatain ki. Aapne apnay khilaaf baatein sun kar is say zyada kuch na kaha. Bhai agar aap meri aib joi me sachhe hain to Allah mujhe bakhsh de aur agar aap jhoote hain to Allah tujhay mu’af karde.

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ apnay a’laa martabay aur Rif’at-e-Shan kay bawajood Ilm-o-M’aarfat aur Hikmat-o-Danayi ki baat kisi mamooli aadmi say bhi sunte to us say akhaz karnay me koi ‘aar mehsoos nahi kya karte thay.

Aik badwi aap ki majlis me baqa’idgi say aaya karta tha lekin hamesha khamosh baitha rehta tha. Aik roz Imaam Sha’bi ne us say pucha: Aap bolte kyun nahi?

Usne kaha: Main khamosh rahoon to mahfooz rehta hoon, Sunta hoon to ilm haasil karta hoon aur sath hi kaha:

ان حظ المرء من اذنه یعود  علیہ

واما حظ من لسانہ فیعود علی غیرہ

Imaam Sha’bi Zindagi bhar badwi ki is baat ko baar baar dohraya karte aur lutf uthaate rahe.

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ Dauraan-e-Guftagu is qadar Fasaahat-o-Blaaghat say bolte keh kam hi Faseeh-o-Baleegh is martaba kay huye hain.

Bataur-e-Namoona aap ki is baat ko mulahizah karein.

Chand afraad ko Iraq-o-Iran kay Governor Umar bin Habirah Fazari ne giraftaar kar liya. Jab Imam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ko unki giraftaari ka pata chala to farmaaya:

ایھا الا میر ان کنت جستھم بالباطل فالحق یخرجھم  وان کنت جستھم بالحق فالعفو لیسعھم

Janaab-e-Governor  agar aap ne unhein naahaq qaid kya hai to Allah unhein rehaai dega aur agar aap ne barhaq qaid kya hai to mu’afi aur darguzar in pay Saya-e-Fagan honi chahiye. Governor  ko yeh Andaz-e-Guftagu is qadar pasand aaya keh aap ki Izzat-o-Takreem karte huye tamaam qaidiyon ko reha kar diya.

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ Deen-o-Ilm me kamaal Martabah-o-Azmat kay bawajood shaffaaf rooh aur Shirin-o-Lateef mazaahia tabiyat kay maalik thay. Jab koi mizah ka mauqa aata to usay apnay hath say na jaane dete. Aap aik roz apni begum kay paas baithay gharelu baatain kar rahe thay, Aik shakhs ne unkay paas aa kar pucha: Aap me say Imaam Sha’bi kaun hai?

Aap ne biwi ki taraf ishaarah karte huye farmaaya: Imaam Sha’bi yeh baithi hai yeh kaha aur hans diye.

Aik roz aik shakhs ne aap say pucha. Iblees ki biwi ka naam kya hai? Aap ne barjasta jawab diya keh main iblees ki shaadi me sharik nahi hua tha.

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ apnay mut’alliq irshaad farmaate hain keh: Jis cheez ko log mushtaaqaana nigaahon se dekhte hain maine kabhi us cheez ko lalchaai hui nazron say nahi dekha, Main ne zindagi bhar kabhi koi ghulaam apnay paas nahi rakha aur jo bhi mera rishtah daar maqrooz faut hua maine us ka qarz zaroor ada kiya.

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ ne assi (80) saal say zyada umar paai jab apnay Rab ko pyare huye. Aur aap ki wafaat Hasrat-e-Aayaat ki khabar Hasan Basri ko pohnchi to woh be ikhtiyaar pukaar uthay.

Allah us par apna raham farmaay woh bade jayyad aalim, Bade khush akhlaaq aur haleem ul tab’a aur Deen-o-Imaan kay aitetbaar say azeem martabah par faaiz thay.

 

Imaam Sha’bi رحمہ اللہ kay mufassal Halat-e-Zindagi maloom karnay kay liye darj zail kitaabon ka mutaal’a karein:

1: Al Tabaqat ul Kubraa                                                                  6/247 2: Tarikh –e-Bhagdad                                                                    12/227 3: Tahzeeb ul Tahzeeb                                                                    5/65 4: Hilyat ul Awliya                                                                             4/310 5: Sifat ul Safwah                                                                               3/75 6: Wafayat ul Aayan                                                                       3/12 7: Sharha Al maqamaat Sharishi                                          6/245 8: Al Ma’arif Ine-eQutaibah                                                       249 9: Al Tahzeeb Ibn-e-Asakir                                                        7/128 10: Samat ul La’ali                                                                 751

REFERENCE:

Book: “Hayat-e-Taba’een kay Darakhsha pahelo”

Taleef :  Dr. Abdur Rahman Rafat Al- Pasha.

Urdu Translation : By Professor Mehmood Ghaznofer