Imam Abu Bakar Ismaaili

( Mutawaffi 371H )

Naam-o-nasab:

Ahmad naam, Abu Bakar kuniyat, Ismaaili nisbat, aur silsila nasab yeh hai:

Ahmad bin Ibrahim bin Ismaail bin Abbas bin Mardaas- ( 1 )

 Paidaaish, khaandan aur watan:

Woh Imam Bukhari ki wafaat ke ikkees saal baad 277H mein paida huye, un ka khandan Ilmi haisiyat se mumtaaz tha, un ke baad is mein mutaddid fuzla aur arbaab kamaal guzray, (2) un ka watan Jarjan tha.

Shoq-e-Ilm aur talab-e-Hadees ke liye safar:

Ilm-o-fan se un ko fitri munaasibat thi, bachpan mein log amooman padhnay likhnay se bezaar hotay hain lekin Ismaaili ko isi zamaana mein is se dilcahpsi ho gayi thi, chhe saal ki umar mein yani 283H mein unhon ne Hadeeson ki tehreer-o-kitaabat shuru kar di thi, aur 289H mein ba qaaida is fan ki tehseel mein mashgool ho gaye thay, isi zamaana mein woh is muqaddas aur mubaarak Ilm ki tehseel ke liye apne watan se nikal jaana chaahtay thay magar un ki kamsini ki wajah se un ke aazah ne safar ki ijaazat nahi di aur jab un ka shouq aur israar had se badh jaata to woh log mukhtalif heelon aur bahaanon se unhein baaz rakhnay ki koshish karte, aik din un ko us zamaana ke mashoor Muhaddis Muhammad bin Ayyub Razi ki mout ki ittilaa mili to un ka ajeeb haal ho gaya, woh ghar se baahar aa kar rone dhone, cheekhne chillaane lage kapday chaak karne aur sar par khaak daalne lage, yeh kaifiyat dekh kar un ke tamaam aazah jama ho gaye aur is ka sabab daryaaft kiya, Ismaaili ne kaha:

Aaj duniya aisay azeemul martabaat aur saahib-e-kamaal shakhs se khaali ho gayi, aap logon ki bandishon aur rukaawaton ne mujhe us ke fayooz-o-barkaat se mutmata nahi hone diya, aazah ne tasalli dete huye kaha: Ghabranay ki koi baat nahi hai, ab bhi Khuda ke fazal se bohat saaray naamwar Ulama-o-mashaiykh aur Saateen-e-fan maujood hain, yeh haalat dekh kar ab un ko safar se mazeed rokna mushkil tha, is liye un ke mamu ko un ke hamraah kar diya no gaya, is tarah woh pehli martaba 293H mein Abu al Hassan bin Sufyaan ki khidmat mein Nisa tashreef le gaye, un ka khud bayaan hai ke yeh safar mein ne us waqt kiya tha jab na to meri masein bheegi theen aur na daadhi ke baal niklay thay, 297H mein Baghdad gaye, is safar mein bhi un ka koi aziz un ke saath tha, phir Hijaz, Iraq, Faris, Koofa, Basrah, Anbaar, Moosal, Jazeera, Nishapoor waghairah tashreef le gaye, Nisha poor kayi baar tashreef le gaye. (3)

 Asaatzaa-o-Shayukh:

Jis shakhs ke shoq-o-justuju-e-Ilm ka yeh haal raha ho is ke asaatzaa-o-shayukh ki tadaad-o-shumaar nahi ki ja sakti, baaz naamwar muhaddisen aur arbab-e-kamaal ke naam yeh hain:

Ibrahim bin Zaheer Halwaani,

Ibrahim bin Abdullah Makharami,

Abu Yaal Ahmad bin Ali bin Musna Mosli,

Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Masrook,

Behlul bin Ishaaq Tanookhi Anbaari,

Jafir bin Muhammad Faryaabi,

Hassan bin Sufyaan Shibani,

Hamza bin Muhammad bin Eisa Kaatib,

Abdullah bin Najia,

Abdaan bin Ahmad Askari,

Imran bin Moosa Sakhtiyaani,

Abu Khalifa Fazal bin Habaab Jamhi,

AbuBakar Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Khuzaima,

Muhammad bin Hasan bin Samaah,

Abu Jafir Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Sulaiman Hazrami,

Muhammad bin Usmaan bin Abi Shaiba,

Shaikh Zahid Muhammad bin Usmaan Miqaabari,

Muhammad bin Yahya bin Sulaiman Marozi,

Yahya bin Muhammad Hinaai,

Qaazi Yousuf bin Yaqoob. (4)

 Talaamizah:

Un ke Talaamizah mein us daur ke Ayimmah aur naamwar Fuzla shaamil thay, baaz ke naam yeh hain:

Abu al Qaasim Abdari,

AbuBakar bin Muhammad bin Ghalib Barqani,

Hussain bin Muhammad Basani,

Hamza bin Yousuf Sehmi Saahib-e-taareekh Jarjan,

Abu Umar-o-Abdul Rehman bin (5) Muhammad Farsi,

AbdullWaahid bin Munir Muadal,

Abu Jafir Muhammad bin Ahmad Hijaaji,

Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Adrees Jirjaani,

Abu Abdullh Muhammad bin Abdullah Haakim,

Abu Ali Muhammad bin Ali bin Sahal,

Abu al Hassan Muhammad bin Ali Tibri.

 Hifz-o-zabt:

Hifz-o-zabt mein mumtaaz  aur mashoor Huffaz mein shumaar kiye jatay thay, bohat saari kitaabein un ko zubaani yaad theen, Hafiz Zahabi ka bayaan hai keh main un ke kamaal hifz se mabhoot ho gaya aur mera yeh qatai faisla hai keh mutqaddimeen ke Ilm-o-haaifza ka mutaakhireen muqaabla nahi kar satke, zabt-o-ahtiyaat ka yeh haal tha ke fan-e-Hadees mein ghair mamooli imtiaz aur Imam-e-fan honay ke ba wajood unhon ne mustaqil kitaab likhnay ke bajaaye Mustakhrij Bukhari likhnay par iktifa kiya, Hafiz Zahabi farmaatay hain:

keh woh rafa asnaad aur uloo-e-tafarrud mein mumtaaz thay, (6) Haakim ka bayaan hai keh un ke zabt-o-saqaahat mein koi ikhtilaaf nahi kiya gaya hai.

 Hadees mein darja:

Ismaaili manqulaat ke mutbahir Aalim aur kaamil al fan Muhaddis thay, woh Hadees mein Imam, marjou aur Mu’tadi ki haisiyat rakhtay thay, Haakim ne un ko Shaikh ul muhaddiseen aur Imam ahal-e-Jarjan kaha hai, un ki azmat-o-buland paayigi ka yeh aalam tha ke Imam Daraqutni jaisay sahib-e- kamaal aur jaleelul qadar Muhaddis ne kayi baar un ki bargaah fazal-o-kamaal mein haazir honay ka qasad kiya lekin maqdoor na ho saka aur zindagi bhar apni is mehroomi par hasrat-o-afsos zaahir karte rahay, Hafiz Hassan bin Ali farmaatay hain:

Keh Ismaaili is paaya ke Muhaddis thay keh Hadees-o-sunan mein mustaqil kitaabein likhte magar unhon ne Mustakhrij murattab karne par iktifa kiya, un ko aksar kitaabein azbar theen aur Allah Ta’ala ne Ilm-e-waafir aur zehan rasa se nawaaza tha. (7)

 Masnadِ-e-dars

Ismaaili ke Hadees mein kamaal ka is se bhi andaaza hota hai keh Ilm ki takmeel ke baad jab woh Msnad-e-dars par ronaq afroz huye to un ko bada urooj naseeb hua aur un ke dars mein talba-o-mustafdeen ka jam ghafeer shareek hota tha, Hamza Sehmi aur Allamah Samaani ne rozaana ke shurka ki tadaad chaalees aur pachaas ke lag bhag bataai hai, yeh log Ismaaili ki zubaan se jo baat nikalti thi us ko qalamband kar letay thay. (8)

 Fiqh-o-ijtehaad:

Woh fiqah-o-ijtehaad mein bhi sahib-e-kamaal aur Imam-o-muqtadi samjhay jaatay thay, Allamah Sama’ani likhte hain keh ismaaili Ahle Jarjaan ke Imam aur fiqh-o-Hadees mein marja thay, Haakim ne unhein Sheikh al muhaddiseen-o-Fuqaha kaha hai, un ke saahibzaday Abu Sa’eed aur baaz Ulama-e-Jarjan ne fiqh ki un se tehseel ki thi.

 Qiraat:

Fan-e-Qiraat mein Ismaaili ko mahaarat aur achhi dastgaah thi, Abul Hassan Muhammad bin Muzaffar ne qiraat mein un ki Joudat ka aiteraaf kiya hai, Hamza Sehmi farmaatay hain: Keh woh har majlis mein paish paish rehtay thay, un ke saamnay kisi ko qiraat karne ki jurrat na hoti thi, Abul Qaasim Baghwi ka bayaan hai keh main ne un se behtar qaari nahi dekha. (9)

Tadeen-o-Ikhlaaq:

Ismaaili Mutideen aur mastooda sifaat thay, Haakim ne un ki murawwat-o-sakhaavat ka khaas taur par zikar kiya hai aur Hamza Sehmi ka bayaan hai keh woh apne waalidain ke nihaayat matee’ aur farmaanbardar thay, un ke tarz-e-amal se un ke waalidain is qadar khush thay keh hamesha un ke liye khair-o-barkat ki dua karte rehtay thay. (10)

 Doulat-o-sarwat:

Allah Ta’ala ne un ko Ilmi-o-deeni kamaalaat ki tarah maal-o-doulat ki faraawaani aur dunyavi jaah-o-manzilat se bhi nawaaza tha, morrikheen ka bayaan hai keh woh deeni-o-duniyaawi wajaahat aur Har qisam ki khoobiyon ke jaame thay. (1 1)

 Shohrat-o-maqbuliyat:

Un ko badi shohrat aur ghair mamooli maqbuliat haasil thi, woh Imam aur marja Khalaaiq thay, dars mein hazireen ki badi tadaad hoti thi, jo nihaayat aqeedat ke saath un ka aik aik lafz naqal karte thay, Ibn-e-Faraat ka bayaan hai keh:

 لقد رزق من العلم والجاہ والصیت الحسن۔

Un ko Ilm-o-Jaah aur achi shohrat naseeb huyi.

Baghdad mein jab un ki mout ki khabar hui to akabir muhaddiseen aur Fiqh ne kayi dinon tak jama ho kar un ko kharaaj-e-aqeedat paish kiya. (12)

 Fiqhi maslak:

Ismaaili Shaafi al Mazhab thay aur shawaafe ke Aayimmah mein khayaal kiye jaatay thay, Hafiz Zahabi ka bayaan hai keh woh apne khitta ke akabir shaafia mein thay. (13)

 Kalami Aqaaid:

Woh ahal-e-sunnat wal jamaat aur muhaddiseen ke humnawa thay, is liye un ke aiteqaadaat bhi wohi thay, un ke baaz qalami aqaaid yeh hain:

Ahal-e-Hadees ka maslak yeh hai keh Allah Us ke Malayika, Us ki kitaabon aur Us ke Rasoolon ka iqraar kiya jaaye, kitaab Allah aur Sahih Hadeeson ke mantooq ko qubool kiya jaaye aur un se inhiraaf na kiya jaaye, muhaddiseen ka aqeedah hai keh Allah ko Us ke achay naamon se pukaarna aur un sifaton se muttasif maanna chaahiye jin se Us ne aur Us ke Rasool ne Us ko muttasif kiya hai, maslan Allah ne Aadam ko apne haath se paida kiya, Us ke donon haath kushaadah hain, woh arsh par mutmakin hai waghairah, in saari baaton ko mahaz tasleem karna zaroori hai, un ki haqeeqat aur kaifiyat maloom karne ke darpay nahi hona chaahiye. (14)

 Wafaat:

Aam Moarrikheen ke bayaan ke mutaabiq 94 saal ki umar mein sanichar ke din Gyarah Rajab 371H mein intiqaal hua aur itwaar ko tadfeen hui, un ke sahibzaday Abu Nasar ne janaaza ki Namaaz padhaai, Ibn Subki aur Shah Abdul Aziz sahib ne likha hai keh Safar 371H mein wafaat paai. (15)

 Aulaad:

Inteqal ke waqt paanch aulaadein theen, teen ladkiyan aur do ladke, aik ladke ka naam Abu Nasar Muhammad aur doosray ka Abu S’aad Ismaaili tha, donon Ilm-o-fazal mein apne waalid ke jaanasheen thay, Abu Nasar apne baap ki maujoodgi hi mein msnad-e-dars par farokash ho chuke thay aur doosray sahib zade Abu Saad apne zamaane ke mumtaaz Faqeeh aur saahib ilm khayaal kiye jaatay thay.(16)

 Tasneefaat:

Imam Ismaaili ki jin kitaabon ke naam maloom ho sake hain woh yeh hain:

1. Musnad-e-Umar:

Yeh do jildon mein thi aur Haafiz Zahabi ki nazar se guzri thi, unhon ne is ki taleeq bhi likhi thi. (17 )

2. Musnad-e-Kabeer:

Yeh nihayat Zakheem kitaab aur taqreeban sau jildon par mushtamil thi, magar is ko ziyaada shohrat nahi mili.

3. Mustakhrij:

Is ka naam Sahih Ismaaili bhi hai, yeh Sahih Bukhari par Mustakhrij hai

     4. Hafiz Ibn-e-kaseer ke is bayaan se is ki ahmiyat ka pata chalta hai, woh farmaatay hain:

Keh unhon ne Sahih Bukhari par Mustakhrij likha, yeh beshumar fayedon aur maloomat par mushtamil hai.

Hafiz Ibn-e-Hajar ne is ka intikhaab kiya tha, jo Musqa Ibn-e-Hijr ke naam se mashoor hai, Ismaaili ne Bukhari ki taaleeqaat ko yakja kar diya tha lekin Hafiz ne un ka juda juda zikar kiya hai (19)

   5. Muajam:

Ismaaili ki yeh aham tasneef hai, is ke mutalliq Hafiz Ibn-e-Hajar ne

Musannif ke hawaala se Majmaa al Moassis mein yeh Tasreeh naqal ki hai. Main ne jin Shuyookh se Hadeesein suni aur likhi hain ya jin ke saamnay qiraat ki hai un ke naamon ke hassar aur huroof majma par takhreej ke mutalliq Allah Ta’ala se istikhaara kiya taakay talba ko is se sahoolat ho aur naamon mein iltibaas-o-ashkaal ke waqt woh is ki jaanib ruju kar sakein, har Shaikh ki sirf aik hi Hadees naqal karne par iktifa kiya gaya hai, is ka maqsad fi al waaqia mufeed Hadeeson ko jama karna hai, jin raawiyon ki taraf mere khayaal mein kazab-o-ithaam ya aam Muhaddiseen se tafarrud ki bina par na pasandeeda hain, un ki haqeeqat is mein achi tarah waazeh kar di gayi hai lekin jin logon ka qadah-o-tan bilkul waazeh aur zaahir hai, un ki Hadees ki takhreej ka sawaal hi nahi paida hota, main ne taimanan wa tabarkan is ko Ahmad ke naam se shuru kiya hai aur Jamadil Oola 361H mein is ki jama-o-taaleef ki ibtida ki hai. (20)

(1) کتاب الانساب ورق ٣٦، تزکرة الحفاظ ج 3 ص 159 طبقات الشافعیہ ج 2 ص 79

(2) ایضاً وبستان المحدثین ص 37.

(3) کتاب الانساب ورق ٣٦، تزکرة الحفاظ ج 3 ص 159 طبقات الشافعیہ ج 2 ص 80

(4) ایضاً۔

(5) Yeh Ismaaili ke nawaase thay, tazkarah j 3 s 159

(6) Tazkarah j 3 s 160, 161

(7) Tareekh Jarjaan s 70-o-kitaab ul Insaab waraq 36-o-Tazkarat ul Huffaz j 3 s 159, 160.

(8) Tareekh Jarjaan s 70-o-kitaab al Insaab waraq 36-o-tazkarat ul Huffaz J 3 S 159 wa160

(9) Aayzan

(10) Aayzan.

(11 ) Tareekh Jarjaan s 70-o-kitaab al Insaab waraq 36-o-tazkarat ul Huffaz J 3 S 159 wa160

(12) Tareekh Jarjaan s 70-o-71-o-kitaab al Insaab waraq 36-o-tazkarat ul Huffaz J 3 S 160

(13) Takarat ul Huffaz J 3 S 159

(14)Takarat ul Huffaz J 3 S 160, 161.

( 15 ) Tazkarat ul Huffaz j 3 160, 161-o- Taareekh Jarjaan s 69 kitaab al Insaab waraq 36 al Muntazim s 108 Tabqaat al Shaafia j 3 s 80

(16) Taareekh Jarjaan s 74

(17) Bistaan al Muhaddiseen S 38

(18) Mustakhrij ki tareef ke liye mulaahiza ho Tazkarat al muhaddiseen j 1 s 408

(19) Bistaan al Muhaddiseen s 37.

(20) Bistaan al Muhaddiseen S 37-o-Itihaaf Ibtilaa al Mutaqeen S 157.

REFERENCE:

Book: “Tazkeeratul Muhadiseen”

Taleef: ‘Ziya Udddin Islaahi’