04. Imam Abu Dawood Tayalsi [133 – 204]
Imam Abu Dawood Tayalsi (رحمه اللہ)
Naam-o-Nasab:
Suleiman naam, Abu Dawood Kuniyat aur nasab naama ye hai: Suleiman bin Dawood bin Jarood.
Wiladat:
Woh bil ittafaq 133 Hijri mein paida huye, Allamah Sam’ani ne Rabiul awwal ka mahina bhi likha hai.
Khandan-o-watan:
Abaayi watan Faras hai. Basrah me mustaqil bood-o-baash ikhtiyar kar li thi. Aslan Ghulam zaadah thay. Unkay walidain Qabeela quraish ke mawaali thay. Farsi, Basrah, Qurshi aur Tayalsi ki nisbaton say mansoob kiye jate hain? Unme sab se zyada mash-hoor Nisbat Tilyasi hai, jo tiyalsa ki janib hai, Tiyalsa Tilsiyan ki jama hai, ye aik qism ki chadar hoti thi, jisko ahle Arab Imamon ke upar odhtay thay. Is Nisbat se jo log mansoob hain unme Abu Dawood sab se zyada mash-hoor aur mumtaz hain.
Tilsaan Farsi zaban ka lafz hai, Isma’i ke nazdeek wo asal mein Talshaan tha aur muarrab hoke tilsaan ho gaya hai, is Nisbat se mansoob hone ka sabab maloom nahi ho saka.
Ustazah wa Shuyukh:
Hafiz Abu Dawood Tayalsi ko dusri Sadi Hijri ka mubarak zamana Mila Ilm-o-Fazal aur khair-o-barkat ke lihaz se khair Al qaroon mein shumar kiya jata hai is liye unko muqaddas aur bargazeedah Ulama-e-Islam ki sohbat muyssr aayi aur bade bade muhaddis Ulama se istafadah ka mauqa Mila, unkay asaatzah ki tadad bohot zyada hai, woh khud bayan karte hain ki maine ek hazar shuyookh se hadeesein likhi, unme Ibn Aun aur unkay martaba ke mutaddad log thay, baaz mash-hoor shuyookh ke naam hasb zel hain:
Ibaan bin yazeed ataar, Ibrahim bin Saad, Aiman bin Nabil, Jarir bin haazim, Jarir bin Abdul Hameed, Habib bin yazeed, Harb bin Shaddad, Hammad bin dirham, Hammad bin Salma, Zayedah bin Qudama, Zaheer bin Muawiyah, Sufyan bin Saeed soori, Shoba bin Hujjaj, Abdurrahman bin abi asnaad, Abdullah bin Aun, Abdul azeez bin maajsoon, Qurtah bin Khalid, Abu Awaana wa Zaah bin Abdullah, Warqaa, Hasham bin Abdullah Dastwaayi, Hammam bin Yahya aur yazeed bin Ibrahim waghairah.
Talamizah:
Jis tarah unhone be-shumaar mashayekh se iktisaab-e-Faiz kiya tha usi tarah unkay daman se bhi ba-kasrat talba aur muhaddiseen wabasta huye unme se baaz mash-hoor logon ke naam ye hain:
Ahmad bin Ibrahim Doorqi, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaaq bin masoor kosaj, Abu Bakar bin Abi Shaybah, Abu Masood Razi, Ibn Faraat, Bakaar bin Qutaibah Saqfi, Hujjaj bin Yusuf Al Shayar, Abbas Dauri, Abdullah bin Muhammad Masnadi, Uthman bin Abi Shayba, Ali bin Madeeni, Ali bin Muslim Tuusi, Umru bin Ali falaas, Muhammad bin Abu Bakar muqaddami, Muhammad bin Bashar nibdaar, Muhammad bin Rafe’, Muhammad bin Saad kaatib waaqdi, Muhammad bin Gheelan, Haroon Hamaal, Yaqub bin Ibrahim Doorqi, aur Yunus bin Habib Asbahaani waghairah.
Aap ke ustad Jarir bin Abdul Hameed ne bhi aap se riwayat ki hai, moallifeen Sihah aur Imam Tayalsi ke zamana me kaafi tafawat hai, isliye unme se teen ne aap se bilwaasta riwayat ki hai, Hafiz Ibn Hajar ne Imam Bukhari aur Maulana Abdurrahman Mubarakpuri ne Imam Tirmidhi ke silsila rawah me unka naam ginaya hai, Shah Abdul Azeez Sahab (رحمة الله عليه) Imam Abu Dawood Sajistani ke mutalliq likha hai ki ghaliban woh unse bayak wasta riwayat kartay hain.
Rehlat-o-safar:
Abu Dawood ke mashayekh ke naamon se zahir hota hai ki unhone hadees ki talab wa justajoo ke liye mukhtalif maqamaat ka safar kiya hoga lekin kitabon mein sirf Baghdad aur Asbahaan ke safar ka zikr kiya hai.
Fazal-o-Kamal:
Hadees ke ilawa unkay dusre Ilmi kamaalat pardah khafa mein hain isliye nahi kaha ja sakta ki vo kin kin uloom-o-fanoon me jaamiyat rakhte hain, sirf fan hadees me unki maharat wa saraf nigaahi ka haal maloom hota hai jisne unko martaba Imamat par fayez kiya.
Hifz-o-Zabt:
Unka haafiza ghair mamooli tha. Ulama-e-fan aur unke muasireen ne is ka aiteraaf kiya hai. Baaz Ulama ka bayan hai ki “unko 30 hazar aur baaz ne kaha hai ki 40 hazar hadeesein zabani yaad thi”, Yunus bin Habeeb Asbahaani farmate hain ki unhone Asbahaan mein aik lakh hadeesein mehaz apni yaaddasht se I’mla karayin, Umroo bin Ali falaas kehte hain ki “Muhaddiseen ke zumrah mein mujhe koi shakhs Abu Dawood se bada Hafiz nazar nahi aaya, maine khud unko ye farmate huye suna hai ki main 30 hazar hadeesein zabani bayan karta hun”, Ali bin Madeeni ka bayan hai ki meri nazar se koi unse zyada hadeeson ka Hafiz nahi guzra, Muhammad bin Bashaar ka qaul hai ki “Jitni hadeesein Abu Dawood se likhi gayin utni kisi aur muhaddisse nahi likhi gayin”, Salih bin Ahmad Ajli unko katheer ul hifz batate hain, Ibn Adi ka bayan hai ki “Basrah mein Abu Dawood Tayalsi apne zamane mein sabse bade Hafiz hadees thay aur us wasf mein vo apne muasireen mein fayeq-o-bartar thay”. Hasheem bin kharja ne Imam Ahmad se dariyaft kiya ki “Abu Dawood aur Abu Ubaidah Haddad mein kisko aap zyada pasand kartay hain” farmaya Abu Dawood: Hafiza ke lihaz se fayeq hainaur Abu Ubaidah se zyada tar kitabon se riwayat kartay hain, isliye ghalti bohot kam kartay hain, “Wakee’ ka bayan hai ki Taweel hadeeson ka unse bada koi Hafiz nahi raha” Shah Abdul azeez Sahab likhtay hain “Abu Dawood Taweel hadeeson ko achhi tarah mehfooz kartay thay aur us wasf mein apne muasireen se mumtaz thay.”
Adalat-o-saqaahat:
Saqaahat mein bhi unka paya bohot buland tha, Ulama-e-jrah-o-tadeel ne unki tauseeq ki hai, Abdurrahman bin Mahdi farmatey hain “Vo logon me sabse zyada sachhe thay” Abul Manzar Noman ka Irshad hai ki “Vo Siqah aur motabar thay”, Ibn muayyan se shoba ke talamizah ke mutalliq dariyaft kiya gaya ki Abu Dawood Tayalsi aur hurmi mein aapke nazdeek kaun zyada behtar hai to unhone farmaya ki Abu Dawood sudooq hain, isliye wo mujh ko zyada pasand hain, Salih bin Ahmad Ajli aur Khateeb baghdaadi ne unko Siqah wa sabit bataya hai, Umr bin Ali ne unko Siqah wa motabar kaha hai, Ibn Adi Umroo ki raye ki tasdeeq kartay huye farmaate hain ki vo mere aur dusron ke nazdeek muteeqaz aur sabit thay, Abu Hatim unko sadooq Muhaddis qarar dete hain, Abu Masood raazi ne Imam Ahmad se unke baare me sawal kiya to irshad hua ki vo Siqah aur sadooq thay, Imam Nisai ka irhsad hai ki,”Abu Dawood Siqah aur logon me sabse zyada sachhe the, Ibn hibban ne bhi unko saqaat me shamil kiya hai aur Muhammad bin Saad tabqaat likhte hain ki vo Siqah thay, Shah Abdul azeez farmate hain ki Yahya Ibn muayyan wa Ibn Al Madeeni wa falaas wa Wakee’wa deegar Ulama-e-rijal aur tadeel-o-tauseeq mufrit namudah and.
Ma’arfat hadees:
Woh hadeeson ke sirf naqil-o-Hafiz hi na thay balki unki parakh me bhi maharat rakhtay they, Nibdaar ka bayan hai ki vo hifz aur ma’arfat hadees ke lihaz se nihayat bartar thay.
Wakee’ jaise naamwar muhaddis hadees me unki ghair mamooli waaqfiyat aur tameez ki bina par unko jabal ul Ilm kehte thay, Yahya bin Muayyen unko Abdurrahman bin mehdi se bhi zyada Sahih-e-Ilm aur hadeeson ka waqif kaar batatay hain, unkay ustaad shoba ko unkay Ilm-o-tameez par itna aitemad tha ki apni adam maujoodgi mein unko masnad-e-dars par raunaq afroz hone ki ijazat de dete thay, Abu Hatim ka bayan hai ki maarfat hadees me unka maqam itna buland tha ki vo Shoba se mazakerah kar sakte thay, isi silsila me Abu Dawood ki ye khusoosiyat qabil-e-zikr hai ki baaz muhaddiseen aur shuyookh ki riwayat ka unse zyada koi waqif kaar na tha, Uthman barinke mutalliq vo khud bayan karte hain ki mere seene me unki 12 hazar hadeesein mehfooz hain, mash hoor Muhaddis Shoba ki riwayaton ke liye to vo sanad ki haisiat rakhtey thay. Ahmad bin Sayyad Darimi ne Imam Ahmad se sawal kiya ki Shoba ki hadeesein kis se Qalam band ki jayeinnto unhone farmaya ki jabtak Abu Dawood zinda hain hamara khayaal hai ki unhi se naql-o-riwayat ki jaye, Abu Masood raazi ka bayan hai ki Shoba ki riwayaton ke mamla mein Abu Dawood se zyada koi waqif kaar mujh ko nahi mila, Hazrat Shah Abdul azeez farmate hain ki “Vo az muhaddisaan aanja misl shoba wa Hisham Dastwaayi wa Ibn Aun waghairah ham riwayaat basyaar daarad.
Akhlaq-o-adaat:
Abu Dawood Tayalsi ke akhlaq-o-adaat aur amaal-o-ibadaat waghairah ki tafseel nahi maloom ho saki, baaz waqiyaat se zimnan unke baaz ausaaf pata chalta hai, maslan Asbahaan mein aik lakh hadeesein Imla karane ke baad jab unko apni baaz ghaltiyon ka pata chala to unhone unko tasleem kar liya aur apne shagirdon ko bhi hidayat ki ke woh bhi unki ta-saheeh kar lein.
Imam Ahmad ne bhi is khoobi ka zikr kiya hai ki vo apni ghalti par israr nahi karte thay.
Wafaat:
Mash-hoor riwayat ke mutabiq 72 saal ki umar 204 Hijri mein unka inteqaal hua, baaz logon ne safar aur baaz ne Rabiul awwal 204 Hijri ka mahina bataya hai, 203 Hijri aur 214 Hijri mein bhi san wafat bataya jata hai lekin ye ghalat hai, is zamana ke Hakim Basarah Yahya bin Abdullah bin Umar ne namaz janaza padhayi.
Musnad Tayalsi:
Masaneed ke majmua mash-hoor mutadawal hain, unme aik Abu Dawood Tayalsi ki Musnad bhi hai uski ahmiyat is liye zyada hai ki woh dusray masaneed ke muqabla mein qadeem hai, baaz Ulama ne usko sabse qadeem Musnad bataya hai. Hakim sahab mustadrak farmate hain ki Ulama-e-Islam mein Ubaidullah Musa aur Abu Dawood Tayalsi ne sabse pehle tarajim rijal par masaneed murattab kiye. Lekin Ulama-e-muhaqqiqeen ki aik jama’at ko is raye se ittefaq nahi hai woh kehte hain ki Aam musannifeen masaneed ke muqabla me Abu Dawood ka zamana qadeem hai, isliye logon ne unki Musnad ko bhi sabse azeem samajh liya, halaanki uski jama wa tarteeb unke baad baaz mutakhreen Khurasaani huffaz ne ki hai, bahar haal uski qadaamat se inkaar nahi kiya ja sakta, go baaz mash-hoor kutub hadees ki tarah unki Musnad ko zyada shohrat naseeb nahi hui lekin usko masaneed mein yak goona khusoosiyat hasil hai, Shah Waliullah sahab ne kutub hadees ke teesre tabqa me uska zikr kiya hai.
Tarteeb-o-tabweeb:
Ye Musnad gyarah ajza par mushtamil hai, uski tarteeb mein badi hadd tak masaneed ke aam usool ka lihaz rakha gaya hai, Yani Sahabah (رضى الله عنه) ke shar-o-taqaddum aur sabqat fil Islam ke lihaz se riwayat din naqal ki gayi hai, pehle khulafa-e-Rashideen, ashrah mubasharah aur kibar Sahabah ( رضى الله عنه) ki hadeesein hain, chhatte juz ke akhir se sahabat ki maruwiyat ka silsila shuru hokar saatwein juz mein khatam hota hai, sabse pehle Hazrat Fatima ( رضى الله عنه) aur uskay baad Hazrat Ayesha aur Hafsah ( رضى الله عنه) ki riwayaat hain, har Sahabi ki hadeesein alag alag unwaan mein hain, baaz Sahabah ki hadeesein do jagah bhi naqal ho gayi hain, baaz maqamaat par aik Sahabi ki riwayaton mein dusre Sahabi ki riwayatein bhi khilt milt ho gayi hain, Musnad ki baqayeda jama wa tarteeb ka kaam baaz ahle Khurasaan ne kiya aur zyadatar riwayatein Yusuf bin Habib ke wastay se marwi hain.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Tazkeeratul Muhadiseen”
Taleef: ‘Ziya Uddin Islaahi’