Surah Fatiha
Surah Fatiha : 01
1. بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ
Allah kay naam say [Shuroo] jo nihaayat meherbaan, bahut rahem karne wala hai
2. اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ
Tamaam taareefen Allah hi ke liye hain jo paalne wala hai saare jahanon ka
3. الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ
Nihaayat meherbaan Bada raham karne wala hai
4. مٰلِكِ یَوْمِ الدِّیْنِ
Malik hai roz-e-jaza ka
5. اِیَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَاِیَّاكَ نَسْتَعِیْنُ
Hum teri hi ibaadat karte hain aur tujh hi se madad chahte hain
6. اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ
Dikha hamen seedha rasta
7. صِرَاطَ الَّذِیْنَ اَنْعَمْتَ عَلَیْهِمْ ۙ غَیْرِ الْمَغْضُوْبِ عَلَیْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّآلِّیْنَ
Un logon ka rasta jin per tu ne in’aam kiya, Jin per tera ghazab nahin huwa aur na woh gumrah huwe
❁ Tafseer Surah Fatiha
♦ Surah Fatihah Ke Mukhtalif Naam Aur Un Ke Ma’aani:
Is Surat ko Fatihah is liye kaha jaata hai keh ise Qur’an Majeed ke aaghaaz mein likha jaata hai. ilaawah azeen Namaazon ke Shuroo mein Qiraa’at ki ibteda is se ki jaati hai. Jamhoor ke nazdeek ise “Umm-ul-Kitaab” ke naam se bhi mausoom kiya jaata hai.
Tirmizi mein Hazrat Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) se marwi sahih hadith mein hai, jise Imaam Tirmizi ne sahih qaraar diya hai, Keh:
Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ne farmaaya :
”(اَلْحَمْدُلِلّٰهِ) أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ وَ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَالسَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِيْ“
“Surah Fatihah Umm-ul-Qur’an, Umm-ul-Kitaab aur Sab-ul-Mathaani [ Baar Baar parhi jaane waali saat (7) aayaat ] hai.” 1
Is ko Qur’an-e-Azeem bhi kaha jaata hai. 2
Aur is ka naam “الْحَمْدُ” bhi hai , ise “الصَّلَاةَ” “namaaz” bhi kaha jaata hai, kiyon keh Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ne farmaaya keh: Allah Ta’aala farmaata hai :
[ قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِىْ وَ بَيْنَ عَبْدِىْ نِصْفَيْنِ وَلِعَبْدِىْ مَا سَأَلَ, فَإِذَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ :
حَمِدَنِىْ عَبْدِىْ …… ]
قَالَ اللّٰه تَعَالَى : ﴿ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ ﴾
“Main ne namaaz ko apne aur apne bande ke darmiyaan nisf nisf taqseem kar diya hai . Aur mere bande ke liye woh sab kuch hai jis ka us ne sawaal kiya , chunaancheh banda jab kahta hai:
1. Jaami-ut-Tirmizi Tafseer-ul-Qur’an , Baab: wa min Surat-ul-Hijr, Hadith no: 3124
2. Dekhiye: Sahih-ul-Bukhari, Fazaail-ul-Qur’an, Baab Fazlo Fatihat-ul-kitab, Hadith no: 5006
﴿ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ ﴾
To Allah Ta’aala farmaata hai keh mere bande ne meri taareef bayaan ki hai………..”1
Is hadith mein Fatihah ko “الصلاة” “namaaz” ke naam se is liye mausoom kiya gaya hai keh ise namaaz mein parhna shart hai .
Ise “رُقْيَة” “dam” bhi kaha jaata hai, is liye keh Hazrat Abu Sa’eed Khudri (Radhi Allahu Anhu) se marwi sahih hadith mein hai keh jab aik aadimi ne bicchu ke dase huwe shakhs ko Surah Fatihah ke saath dam kiya to Rasoolullaah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ne us se farmaaya :
[وَمَا يُدْرِيْكَ أَنَّهَا رُقِيَّةً]
“Kiya tumhein maaloom hai keh yeh Surat Fatihah “dam” hai ?” 2
Hazrat Ibn-e-Abbaas Qataadah aur Ab-ul-Aaliyah ke ba’qol yeh Surat Makki hai .3
Kiyon keh irshaad baari ta’aala hai
وَلَقَدْ اٰتَیْنٰكَ سَبْعًا مِّنَ الْمَثَانِیْ وَالْقُرْاٰنَ الْعَظِیْمَ
“Aur beshak hamne aapko saat (7) aayaten [Surah Fatiha] jo [Namaz mein] dohraa kar parhi jaati hai, aur azmat wala Qur’an ataa farma diya hai.” Al-Hijr: 15:87
Aur Surah Hijr jis ki yeh aayat hai, woh Surat Makki hai. والله اعلم
♦ Aayaat Ki Ta’adaad:
Bila ikhtelaaf Surat-ul-Faatihah saat (7) aayaat par mushtamal hai, aur بسملة yaani
﴿ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ ﴾
1. Sahih-ul-Muslim Kitab-us-Salah, Baab wujoob Qiraat-ul-Faatihah .., Hadith no: 39
2. Mulakkhas az Sahih-ul-Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Ijaarah, Baab: maa yoota fir-ruqiyah..,
Hadith no : 2276. Aur (Al-Aqrab) “bicchu” ke dasne ki saraahat
Jaami-ut-Tirmizi, Kitab-ut-Tib, Baab : maa jaa fee Akhz-ul-ajar alat taaweez, Hadith no: 2063
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah, Kitab-ut-Tijaaraah , Baab: Ajar-ur-Ruqaa, Hadith no: 2156 mein hai
3. Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/115
Is ki pehli aur mustaqil aayat hai, Jaisa keh Jamhoor, Qurra-e-Koofah, Sahaaba-e-Kiraam (Radhi Allahu Anhum)-o-Taabi’een (Rahimahumullah) ki aik jama’at aur khalaf mein say bahut say ulama ka yeh qaul hai. Aur yehi raye mo’atabar hai. Is ki tafseel apne moqaam par aaye gi. In Sha Allah. 1
♦ Kalimaat-o-Huroof Ki Ta’adaad:
Mufassireen key ba-qaul Surat-ul-Faatihah pachees (25) kalimaat aur aik so tera (113) huroof par mushtamal hai.
♦ Umm-ul-Kitaab Ki Wajah-e-Tasmiyah :
Imaam Bukhari (Rahimahullah) ney apni Sahih ki “Kitab-ut-Tafseer” key aaghaaz mein likha hai keh is Surat ko Umm-ul-Kitaab key naam say is liye mausoom kiya jata hai keh Qur’an-e-Majeed mein kitaabat is say shuroo ki jati hai, Aur namaz mein Qiraa’at ka aaghaaz bhi issi say kiya jata hai. 2
Is ki Wajah-e-Tasmiyah yeh bhi bayan ki gayi hai keh Qur’an-e-Majeed key tamaam mazameen-o-mataalib ka khulasa is Surat mein bayan kar diya gaya hai.
Ibn-e-Jareer (Rahimahullah) kehte hain: Jis kay tahet kayi zaili cheezein aur tawaabay hon, un tamaam cheezon ka ihaata karne wale ko arab “Umm” say ta’abeer karte hain, pas woh Jhalli jo dimag key ird gird hoti hai, usey “Umm-ur-Ra’as” kehte hain, issi tarah lashkar ka woh jhanda jis key niche sab log jama hote hain, usey bhi “Umm” kaha jata hai, Makkah Mokarramah ko “Umm-ul-Quraa” kaha jata hai, is liye keh use tamaam shehron key moqaable mein taqaddum hasil hai aur deegar tamaam bastiyon ko us ney apne daaman mein sameta huwa hai, is ki aik wajah yeh bhi bayan ki gayi hai keh zameen ko is moqaam say aage phelaya gaya hai. 3
Imaam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Rahimahullah) ney Hazrat Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ki rewaayat bayan ki hai keh Nabi (ﷺ) ney Surah Fatihah key baare mein farmaya:
1. Dekhiye Unwaan: “بسملة Fatihah ki pehli aayat hai.”
2. Sahih-ul-Bukhari, Kitab-ut-Tafseer, Baab maa jaa fee Fatihat-ul-kitab, Qabl-al-Hadees: 4474, Neez Dekhiye : Fat’h-ul-Baari mazkura maqaam.
3. Tafseer-ut-Tabri 1/73,74
key baare mein farmaya:
[هِىَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ وَهِىَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِىْ وَهِىَ الْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيْمُ]
“Yeh Umm-ul-Qur’an, Sab-ul-masani [Baar baar parhi jane wali saat (7) aayaat) aur Qur’an-e-Azeem hai.” 1
Ibn-e-Jareer (Rahimahullah) Tabri ney bhi Hazrat Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ki Hadees bayan ki hai keh Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney is key baare mein farmaya:
[هِىَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَهِىَ فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ، وَهِىَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِىْ]
“Yeh Umm-ul-Qur’an, Fatihat-ul-kitab aur yehi Sab-ul-masani hai. 2
♦ Surah Fatihah Ki Fazilat :
Imaam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Rahimahullah) ney apni Musnad mein Abu Sa’eed bin Mo’alla (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ki Hadees bayan ki hai keh: Main namaz parh raha tha, Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney mujhe bulaya magar main ney jawab na diya aur namaz parhne mein masroof raha, namaz say faraaghat key ba’ad jab main aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ki khidmat mein hazir huwa to aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَنِىْ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُوْلَ اللّٰهِ! إِنِّىْ أُصَلِّىْ، قَالَ : أَلَمْ يَقُلِ اللّٰهُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ
﴾ یٰۤاَ یُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوا اسْتَجِیْبُوْا لِلّٰهِ وَلِلرَّسُوْلِ اِذَا دَعَاكُمْ ﴿
“Tujhe mere paas aane say kis baat ney roka ? kehte hain main ney arz ki: Aye Allah key Rasool (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)! Baishak main namaz parh raha tha, farmaya: Kiya Allah Azza-wa-jalla ney nahin farmaya keh:
“Momino! Allah aur us key Rasool ka hukm qubool karo jab bhi woh [Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)] tumhain Bulayen ?” Surah Al-Anfaal 8:24
Phir aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) nay farmaya:
[لَأُعَلِّمَنَّكَ أَعْظَمَ سُوْرَةً مِّنَ الْقُرْآنِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ]
1. Musnad-e-Ahmad : 2/448
2. Tafseer-ut-Tabri 1/73
“Yaqeenan main tum ko masjid say nikalne say pehle pehle Qur’an-e-Majeed ki sab say azeem Surat sikhaon ga.”
Kehte hain: phir aap ney mera haath pakar liya, chunaancheh jab aap masjid say bahar nikalne lage to main nay arz ki:
Aye Allah key Rasool (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)! Aapne farmaya tha ke main tum ko Qur’an-e-Majeed ki sabse azeem Surat sikhaon ga? Farmaya:
[نَعَمْ { اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِيْنَ} هِىَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِىْ، وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيْمُ الَّذِىْ اُوْتِيْتُهُ]
“Han, yeh Surat {الحمد لله رب العالمين} hai, yehi woh sab-ul-masani aur Qur’an-e-Azeem hai jo mujhe diya gaya hai.” 1
Issi tarah is hadees ko Imaam Bukhari, Abu Dawud, Nasaai aur Ibn-e-Maajah (Rahimahumullah) ney bhi rewaayat kiya hai. 2
Issi tarah ki ahadees say istidlaal kiya gaya hai keh Qur’an-e-Majeed ki ba’az aayaat aur Suraten ba’az say afzal hain.
Imaam Bukhari (Rahimahullah) ney (apni sahih ki kitaab) Fazaa’il-ul-Qur’an mein Abu Sa’eed Khudri (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rewaayat ki hai keh: Ham aik safar mein they, ham ney aik jagah paraao daala to aik larki aayi aur us ney kaha keh is qabilay key sardaar ko bicchu ney das liya hai, hamari basti key log ghaaib hain, to kiya tum mein say koi dam karne wala hai?
Ham mein say aik aadmi uth kar us key sath ho liya, us key baare mein hamein gumaan nahi tha keh woh dam janta hai magar us ney dam kiya aur woh sardaar sehat yaab ho gaya, aur us ney hukm diya keh hamein tees (30) bakriyan day di jayein, us ney hamein doodh bhi pilaya, jab woh wapis aaya to ham ney pucha: kiya tum dam karna jante ho ?
1. Musnad-e-Ahmad : 4/211
2. Sahih-ul-Bukhari Kitab-ut-Tafseer, Baab: maa jaa fee Fatihat-ul-kitab, Hadees no: 4474
Sunan Abi Dawud Kitab-ul-witar, Baab: Fatihat-ul-kitab, Hadees no: 1458
Sunan Nisaai Al-Iftetaah, Baab: Ta’aweel Qaulillah Azza-wa-jalla:Al-Hijr 15/87 {…وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ} Hadith : 914
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah Kitab-ul-Adab, Baab: Sawab-ul-Qur’an, Hadees no: 3785 Mukhtasaran
Us ney kaha: Nahin, main ney to sirf Umm-ul-Kitaab parh kar dam kiya hai.
Ham ney kaha keh ab koi baat na karo hatta keh ham Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ki khidmat mein hazir hon, ya us key baare mein puchhein, pas jab ham Madinah wapis aaye aur is waqiye ka zikr ham ney Nabi (ﷺ) say kiya to aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
[وَمَا كَانَ يُدْرِيْهِ أَنَّهَا رُقِيَّةٌ، اِقْسِمُوْا وَاضْرِبُوْا لِيْ بِسَهْمٍ]
“Kiya usey ma’aloom tha keh yeh dam hai ? [Bahre haal tumne durust kiya] un bakriyon ko taqseem kar lo aur mujhe bhi hissa day do.” 1
Sahih-ul-Muslim aur Sunan Nisaai mein Ibn-e-Abbaas (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) say rewaayat hai keh aik martaba Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) key paas Jibreel (Alaihi Salam) bhi maujood they keh aap ney upar ki taraf say aik aawaaz suni, Jibreel (Alaihi Salam) ney apni nazar aasman ki taraf uthaai aur kaha keh aasman ka aik aisa darwaza khula hai jo aaj tak kabhi nahin khola gaya, us darwaze say aik farishta nikal kar Nabi ki khidmat mein haazir huwa aur us ney kaha keh aap ko bashaarat ho keh aap ko do (2) aise Noor diye gaye hain jo aap say pehle kisi Nabi (ﷺ) ko nahin diye gaye, un mein say aik Fatihat-ul-Kitaab aur dusra Surah-e-Baqarah ki aakhiri aayaat hain, in mein say aap jab bhi koi harf parhen ge to us key motabiq aap ko ataa kar diya jaye ga. Yeh alfaaz Nisaai ki riwayat ke hain, Muslim ki riwayat bhi is jaisi hai. 2
♦ Surah Fatiha aur namaz :
Sahih Muslim mein Hazrat Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) se riwayat hai ke Nabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ne farmaya :
1. Sahih-ul-Bukhari Kitab Fazaail-ul-Qur’an, Baab Fazlo Fatihat-ul-kitab, Hadees no: 5007
Sahih-ul-Muslim Kitab-us- Salaam, Baab: Jawazo Akhz-ul-ajar…, Hadees no:2201
Jaami-ut-Tirmizi Hadees no: 2063 mein hai keh Abu Sa’eed Khudri hi ney dam kiya tha.
2. Sahih-ul-Muslim Kitab: Salaatil-Musaafireen, Baab: Fazlil-Fatihah Wa Khawateemi Surah Al-Baqarah……., Hadith: 806
Sunan Nisaai Kitaab-ul-Iftetaah, Baab: Fazlo Fatihat-il-kitab, Hadith: 913
” مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً لَّمْ یَقْرَأْ فِیْهَا بِأُمِ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ -ثَلَاثًا- غَیْرُ تَمَامٍ “
“Jo shakhs namaz parhay aur us mein Surah Fatiha na parhay to woh namaz naaqis hai -Yeh aap ne teen baar farmaya- Ya’ani woh na tamam hai.”
Hazrat Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ki khidmat mein arz ki gayi ke jab hum Imaam ke peechay hon to bhi parhen ?
To aap ne farmaya : Apne dil mein parh lo, kiyunkeh main ne Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ko yeh farmaatay huwe suna hai, Aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) farma rahay thay :
قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالَى : قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِىْ وَ بَيْنَ عَبْدِىْ نِصْفَيْنِ وَلِعَبْدِىْ مَا سَأَ
﴾ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ ﴿ : فَإِذَا قَالَ
قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالَى : حَمِدَنِیْ عَبْدِىْ
﴾وَإِذَا قَالَ: ﴿الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ
قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالَى : أَثْنَى عَلَيَّ عَبْدِىْ
﴾ مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ﴿ : فَإِذَا قَالَ
قَالَ : مَجَّدَنِیْ عَبْدِىْ
وَقَالَ مَرَّةً : فَوَّضَ إِلَيَّ عَبْدِىْ
:فَإِذَا قَالَ
﴾إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴿
قَالَ : هٰذَا بَیْنِیْ وَبَیْنَ عَبْدِىْ, وَلِعَبْدِىْ مَا سَأَلَ
:فَإِذَا قَالَ
اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ
الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ
قَالَ : هٰذَا لِعَبْدِیْ, وَ لِعَبْدِیْ مَا سَأَلَ
“Allah Ta’aala farmata hai keh main ne namaz ko apne aur apne bande ke darmiyan do hisson mein taqseem kar liya hai, Aur mere bande ke liye woh kuch hai jis ka woh sawaal kere.
Banda jab kahta hai :
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ
To Allah Ta’aala farmata hai : Mere bande ne meri ta’areef ki hai.
Banda jab kehta hai :
الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ
To Allah Ta’aala farmata hai : Mere bande ne meri sanaa ki hai.
Banda jab kehta hai :
مٰلِكِ یَوْمِ الدِّیْنِ
To Allah Ta’aala farmata hai : Mere bande ne meri buzurgi bayan ki.
Aur aik martaba farmaya :Mere bande ne (apna mu’aamla) mere supurd kar diya hai.
Banda jab kehta hai :
اِیَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَاِیَّاكَ نَسْتَعِیْنُ
To Allah Ta’aala farmata hai : Yeh mere aur mere bande ke darmiyan hai.
Aur mere bande ke liye woh kuch hai jis ka woh sawaal kere.
Aur banda jab yeh kehta hai :
اِهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِیْمَ
صِرَاطَ الَّذِیْنَ اَنْعَمْتَ عَلَیْهِمْ ۙ غَیْرِ الْمَغْضُوْبِ عَلَیْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّآلِّیْنَ
To Allah Ta’aala farmata hai : Yeh mere bande ke liye hai aur mere bande ke liye woh kuch hai jis ka woh sawaal kere.” 1
Taqreeban inheen alfaaz se is ko Imam Nisaai ne bhi (ba-tareeq-e-Is’haaq bin Ibrahim bin Rahwiyah) riwayat kya hai.2
1. Sahih-ul-Muslim Kitab-us-Sulah, Baab: Wujoob Qiraat-ul-Fatihah fi kulli raka’atin, Hadith: 395
Sunan Abi Dawud Kitab-us-Sulah, Baab: Man Tarak-al-Qiraata fi salaatihi Fi-fatihat-il-kitaab, Hadith: 821
2. As-Sunan-ul-kubra Lin-Nasaai : Kitab: Fazaail-ul-Quran, Baab: Fazlo Fatihat-il-kitaab: 5/12, Hadith: 8013
Imam muslim aur Nisaai ki aik riwayat mein yeh alfaaz bhi hain :
[ فَنِصْفُهَا لِيْ وَ نِصْفُهَا لِعَبْدِيْ, وَ لِعَبْدِيْ مَا سَأَلَ ]
Is ka nisf hissa mere liye aur nisf mere bandey key liye hai, Aur mere bandey key liye woh kuch hai jis ka woh sawaal kare.” 1
♦Namaz Mein Qiraa’at Say Murad Surah-e-Fatihah Ki Qiraa’at Hi Hai:
Mulaahaza farmayen keh is Hadees mein Lafz-e-As-salaat say murad Qiraa’at hai, Jaisa keh hasab-e-zail Irshaad-e-Baari ta’aala hai:
﴾وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَابْتَغِ بَیْنَ ذٰلِكَ سَبِیْلًا﴿
“Aur namaz na buland aawaz say parhen aur na aahista, Balkeh un key beech ka tariqah ikhteyaar karen.” Bani Israa’eel 17:110
Is aayat mein bhi As-salaat say murad namaz mein Qiraa’at hai, Jaisa keh Sahih-ul-Bukhari mein Ibn-e-Abbaas say is ki saraahat maujood hai. 2
Issi tarah is Hadees mein bhi:
[قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِىْ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِىْ نِصْفَيْنِ، فَنِصْفُهَا لِىْ وَنِصْفُهَا لِعَبْدِىْ وَلِعَبْدِىْ مَا سَأَلَ]
Key alfaaz iste’imaal kiye gaye hain, phir is taqseem ki tafseel bayan karte huwe Surah-e-Fatihah parhne ki tafseel bayan kar di gayi hai [Is Hadees mein namaz mein Surah-e-Fatihah parhne key liye As-salaat “Namaz” hi ka lafz iste’imaal kiya gaya hai.] Aur yeh namaz mein Surah-e-Fatihah key parhne ki azmat ki daleel hai, Aur is baat ki bhi daleel hai keh namaz mein Surah-e-Fatihah ka parhna namaz ka aik bahut bara rukan hai keh zikr namaz ka kiya gaya hai aur us say us ka aik juzz, Yaani Surah-e-Fatihah murad liya gaya hai.
1. Sahih-ul-Muslim Kitab-us-Salaah, Baab: wujoob Qiraa’at-ul-Fatiha…., Hadith no : [39,40]-395
Sunan Nisaai Kitab-ul-Iftetaah, Baab: Tarak-e-Qiraa’at [⠀⃝ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ] fee Fatihat-ul-kitab, Hadees no: 910
2. Iqtebaas az Sahih-ul-Bukhari, Kitab-ut-Tafseer, Baab: Bani Israa’eel :17/110
{وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ سَبِيلًا }
Hadees no: 4722
Sahih-ul-Muslim, Kitab-us-Salaah, Baab-ut-Tawassut Fil-Qiraa’at….., Hadees no: 446.
Jaisa keh Qur’an-e-Majeed mein Lafz-e-Qur’an “parhna” iste’imaal kiya gaya hai murad is say namaz hai, Irshaad-e-Baari ta’aala hai:
﴾وَقُرْاٰنَ الْفَجْرِ ؕ اِنَّ قُرْاٰنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُوْدًا﴿
“Aur subah namaz-e-fajar bhi [Qaaim kijiye] baishak fajar ki namaz [Farishton key] hazir hone ka waqat hai.” Bani Israa’eel 17:78
Is aayat mein [قُرْاٰنَ الفَجْرِ] say murad fajar ki namaz hai, jaisa keh sahihain mein is ki saraahat maujood hai:
[تَشْهَدُهُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَمَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ]
“Is [Subah ki namaz] mein raat aur din key farishte hazir hote hain.” 1
Tamaam Namazon Mein Surah-e-Fatihah Ka Parhna Wajib Hai, Imaam Ho Ya Muqtadi Ya Akela Namaz Parhne Wala:
Is saari tafseel say ma’aloom huwa keh namaz mein Surah-e-Fatihah ka parhna az bas zaroori hai.
Is par Ulama ka Ittefaaq hai aur mazkura hadees say bhi yehi ma’aloom hota hai jis mein Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
[مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً لَّمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيْهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِىَ خِدَاجٌ]
“Jo shakhs namaz parhe aur us mein Surah-e-Fatihah na parhe to us ki namaz naaqis hai.” 2
1. Sahih-ul-Bukhari, Tafseer, Baab: Qaulillaah:
{إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا }
Bani Israa’eel:17/78
Hadees no: 4717
Sahih-ul-Muslim, Kitab-ul-Masajid, Baab: Fazlo Salaat-ul-jama’at wal-bayan-ut-tashdeed……, Hadees no: [246]-649, An Abi Hurairah, Albatta alfaaz
Jaami-ut-Tirmizi, Kitab Tafseer-ul-Qur’an, Baab: wa min Surah Bani Israa’eel , Hadees no: 3135 mein aik dusre tareeq key mutabiq hain. Aur sahihain key alfaz is tarah hain:
[ وَتَجْتَمِعُ مَلَائِكَةُاللَّيْلِ وَمَلَائِكَةُالنَّهَارِ فِيْ صَلَاةِالصُّبْحِ ]
“Subah ki namaz mein Raat aur Din key farishtay jama hote hain.”
2. Dekhiye: unwaan: “Surah-e-Fatihah aur namaz”
Is hadees mein jo Lafz-e-Khidaaj [خِدَاجٌ] iste’imaal huwa hai, is key ma’aani hain naaqis, Jaisa keh khud issi hadees mein [غَيْرُ تَمَامٍ] key sath is key ma’aani ki wazahat kar di gayi hai.
Issi tarah Sahihain mein Ubaadah say rewaayat hai keh Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
[لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَّمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ]
“Jo shakhs Surah-e-Fatihah na parhe us ki namaz hi nahin hoti.” 1
Sahih Ibn-e-Khuzaimah aur Sahih Ibn-e-Hibbaan mein Abu Hurairah say rewaayat hai keh Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
[لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةٌ لَا يُقْرَأُ فِيْهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ]
“Woh namaz kaafi nahin hoti jis mein Umm-ul-Qur’an [Surah-e-Fatihah] na parhi jaye.” 2
Is mauzoo ki aur bhi bahut si ahadees hain, [Lehaaza har namazi key liye wajib hai, khawah woh imaam ho ya muqtadi ya woh akela namaz parh raha ho keh tamaam namazon ki har rakaat mein Surah-e-Fatihah parhe, is key baghair chaara-e-kaar hi nahin.]
♦Ta’awwuz Ki Tafseer Aur Ahkaam :
Allah Ta’aala ney farmaya:
خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَاْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَاَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجٰهِلِیْنَ
وَاِمَّا یَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللّٰهِ ؕ اِنَّهٗ سَمِیْعٌ عَلِیْمٌ
“[Aye paighambar!] Afwo ikhteyaar kijiye aur naik kaam karne ka hukm dijiye aur jahilon say kinara kijiye,
aur agar Shaitan ka koi waswasa aap ko ubhare to Allah say panah maangiye, baishak woh sun’ne wala [Aur] sab kuch jaan’nay wala hai.” Al-Aaraaf 7:199,200
1. Sahih-ul-Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Azan, Baab wujooh-ul-Qira’at lil-imam wal-ma’amum.., Hadees: 756
Sahih-ul-Muslim, Kitab-us-Salah, Baab wujoob Qiraa’at-ul-Fatiha fee kulli rakaat.., Hadith: 394
2. Sahih Ibn-e-Khuzaimah, Kitab-us-Salaah, Baab Zikr-ud-daleel alaa ann-al-khidaaj-al-lazi aalam-an-Nabiyo fee haaza al-khabar…….1/248, Hadees no: 490,
Sahih Ibn-e-Hibbaan, Kitab-us-Salaah, Baab: zikr-ul-bayan be-ann-al-khidaaj-al-lazi qaal Rasoolullah (ﷺ) fee haaza-al-khabar……..5/91, Hadees no: 1789
dijiye aur jahilon say kinara kijiye, aur agar Shaitan ka koi waswasa aap ko ubhare to Allah say panah maangiye, baishak woh sun’ne wala [Aur] sab kuch jaan’nay wala hai.”
Aur farmaya:
اِدْفَعْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ السَّیِّئَةَ ؕ نَحْنُ اَعْلَمُ بِمَا یَصِفُوْنَ
وَقُلْ رَّبِّ اَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزٰتِ الشَّیٰطِیْنِ
وَاَعُوْذُ بِكَ رَبِّ اَنْ یَّحْضُرُوْنِ
“Buri baat key jawab mein aisi baat kahiye jo nihayat acchi ho aur yeh jo kuch bayan karte hain hamein woh khoob ma’aloom hai,
aur kahiye keh:
Aye mere parwardigaar! Main Shaitaanon key waswason say teri panah maangta hun.
Aur Aye mere parwardigaar!Main [Is say bhi] teri panah maangta hun keh woh mere paas hazir hon.” Al-Muminoon 23:96-98
Issi tarah farmaya:
اِدْفَعْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ فَاِذَا الَّذِیْ بَیْنَكَ وَبَیْنَهٗ عَدَاوَةٌ كَاَنَّهٗ وَلِیٌّ حَمِیْمٌ
وَمَا یُلَقّٰىهَاۤ اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ صَبَرُوْا ۚ وَمَا یُلَقّٰىهَاۤ اِلَّا ذُوْ حَظٍّ عَظِیْمٍ
وَاِمَّا یَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللّٰهِ ؕ اِنَّهٗ هُوَ السَّمِیْعُ الْعَلِیْمُ
“[Buraayi ka] aisey tareeqay say jawab dijiye jo bahut accha ho [Aisa karne say aap dekhein ge] keh jis key sath aap ki dushmani thi woh aap ka garam josh dost hai.
aur yeh baat un logon ko hasil hoti hai jo bardaasht karne wale hain aur unhin ko naseeb dushmani hoti thi jo bare sahib-e-naseeb hain.
aur agar Shaitaan ki janib say koi waswasa aap ko ubhare to Allah ki panah maang liya karen. Baishak woh khoob sun’ne, jaan’ne wala hai.” Ha-Meem As-Sajdah 41:34-36
Yeh teenon aayaat aik hi mazmoon ki hain aur koi chauti aayat is maf’hoom ki nahin hai.
In aayat mein Allah Ta’aala ney hukm diya hai keh insaanon mein say jo dushman ho, usey raam karnay key liye husn-e-sulook aur ehsan ko ikhteyaar kiya jaye, is rawish say insaanon ki asal taba saleem dosti aur sulah safai ki taraf laut aayi gi. issi tarah Allah Ta’aala ney hukm diya hai keh Shaitaan dushman ka moqaabila karne key liye iste’aazay ko ikhteyaar kiya jaye kiyon keh is key baghair chaara-e-kaar hi nahin, is liye keh woh husn-e-sulook aur kisi ehsan ko qubool hi nahin karta, us ki poori poori koshish hoti hai keh woh insaan ko tabah-o-barbaad kar dey, is liye keh us key aur insaanon key Baap Hazrat Aadam key maa bain pehle say shadeed adaawat chali aa rahi hai.
ikhteyaar kiya jaye, is rawish say insaanon ki asal taba saleem dosti aur sulah safai ki taraf laut aayi gi. issi tarah Allah Ta’aala ney hukm diya hai keh Shaitaan dushman ka moqaabila karne key liye iste’aazay ko ikhteyaar kiya jaye kiyon keh is key baghair chaara-e-kaar hi nahin, is liye keh woh husn-e-sulook aur kisi ehsan ko qubool hi nahin karta, us ki poori poori koshish hoti hai keh woh insaan ko tabah-o-barbaad kar dey, is liye keh us key aur insaanon key Baap Hazrat Aadam key (Alaihi Salam) maa bain pehle say shadeed adaawat chali aa rahi hai.
Jaisa keh Irshaad baari ta’aala hai:
﴾ یٰبَنِیْۤ اٰدَمَ لَا یَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّیْطٰنُ كَمَاۤ اَخْرَجَ اَبَوَیْكُمْ مِّنَ الْجَنَّةِ ﴿
“Aye Bani Aadam! [Dekhna kahin] Shaitaan tumhen fitne mein na daal dey jis tarah tumhare Maa Baap ko behshat say nikalwa diya tha.” Al-A’raf 7:27
Aur Farmaya:
﴾ اِنَّ الشَّیْطٰنَ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ فَاتَّخِذُوْهُ عَدُوًّا ؕ اِنَّمَا یَدْعُوْا حِزْبَهٗ لِیَكُوْنُوْا مِنْ اَصْحٰبِ السَّعِیْرِ ﴿
“Yaqeenan Shaitaan tumhara dushman hai, Lehaaza tum bhi usey dushman hi samjho, woh apne [Pairwon key] giroh ko bulata hai taakeh woh dozakh walon mein say hon.” Al-Faatir 35:6
Aur Farmaya:
﴾ اَفَتَتَّخِذُوْنَهٗ وَذُرِّیَّتَهٗۤ اَوْلِیَآءَ مِنْ دُوْنِیْ وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ ؕ بِئْسَ لِلظّٰلِمِیْنَ بَدَلًا ﴿
“Kiya tum us ko aur us ki aulaad ko mere siwa dost banate ho, Halaankeh woh tumhare dushman hain ? Aur zalimon key liye bahut hi bura badla hai.” Al-Kahaf 18:50
Us ney hamare walid Aadam (Alaihi Salam) say qasam kha kar kaha tha keh woh un ka khair khawah hai, magar us ney jhoot bola to us say andaza lagaaiye keh us ka hamare sath khair khawaahi ka mo’aamla kis tarah ho sakta hai jab keh us ney khud hi qasam kha kar kaha tha:
قَالَ فَبِعِزَّتِكَ لَاُغْوِیَنَّهُمْ اَجْمَعِیْنَ
اِلَّا عِبَادَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِیْنَ
“Pas mujhe teri izzat ki qasam! main un sab ko bahkata rahun ga, siwaaye un key jo tere khalis bande hain.” Saad 38:82,83
Issi wajah say Allah Ta’aala ney farmaya hai:
فَاِذَا قَرَاْتَ الْقُرْاٰنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ الرَّجِیْمِ
اِنَّهٗ لَیْسَ لَهٗ سُلْطٰنٌ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَعَلٰی رَبِّهِمْ یَتَوَكَّلُوْنَ
اِنَّمَا سُلْطٰنُهٗ عَلَی الَّذِیْنَ یَتَوَلَّوْنَهٗ وَالَّذِیْنَ هُمْ بِهٖ مُشْرِكُوْنَ
“Phir jab aap Qur’an parhne lagen to Shaitaan Mardood say Allah ki panah maang liya karen beshak jo momin hain aur apne parwardigaar par bharosa karte hain un par us ka kuch zorr nahin chalta, pas us ka zorr to unhi logon par chalta hai jo us ko rafeeq banate hain aur [Un par] jo Allah key sath shareek thehraate hain.” An-Nahal:16/98-100
Iste’aazah Telaawat Say Pehle Zaroori Hai :
Irshad bari ta’aala:
﴾ فَاِذَا قَرَاْتَ الْقُرْاٰنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ الرَّجِیْمِ ﴿
“Phir jab aap Qur’an parhne lagen to Shaitaan Mardood say Allah ki panah maang liya karen.” An-Nahal 16:98
Kay ma’aani yeh hain keh panah us waqat maangen jab aap Qur’an parhne ka irada karen. Is ki misaal yeh hai jaisa keh irshad bari ta’aala hai:
﴾ اِذَا قُمْتُمْ اِلَی الصَّلٰوةِ فَاغْسِلُوْا وُجُوْهَكُمْ وَاَیْدِیَكُمْ ﴿
“Jab tum namaz parhne ka qasd kiya karo to munh aur haath dho liya karo.” Al-Maayidah 5:6
Ahadees-e-Rasool (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) say is ki daleel woh Hadees hai jisey Imaam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Rahimahullah) ney Hazrat Abu Sa’eed Khudri (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rewaayat kiya hai keh Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) jab raat ko Qiyaam farmate to namaz shuroo karte huwe Allahu Akbar kehte, phir yeh parhte :
[سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، (وَ) تَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ وَلَا إِلَٰهَ غَيْرُكَ]
“Main paaki bayan karta hun teri Aye Allah! teri hi hamd-o-sana key sath, tera naam bahut barkat wala hai, aur teri shaan bahut buland-o-baala hai aur tere siwa koi aur iba’dat kay
tera naam bahut barkat wala hai, aur teri shaan bahut buland-o-baala hai aur tere siwa koi aur iba’dat kay Laaiq nahin hai.” Phir aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) teen (3) baar [لَاإِلٰهَ إِلَّااللّٰهُ] parhte, phir yeh parhte:
أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزِهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ
“Main Allah ki panah leta hun jo sun’ne wala [Aur] jaan’ne wala hai Shaitaan Mardood say, Ya’ani us key waswase aur us ki phoonk aur us key jadu say.” 1
Is hadees ko Ahl-e-Sunan-e-Arba’ah ney bhi rewaayat kiya hai. Aur Imaam Tirmizi kehte hain keh is baab mein yeh sab say ziyadah mash’hoor hadees hai. 2
(Al-Hamzo, اَلْهَمْزُ) key ma’aani Junoon [Diwaangi], (An-Nafakh، اَلنَّفَخُ) key ma’aani Kibr (Takabbur) aur (An-Nafas، اَلنَّفَثُ) key ma’aani She’ar kay kiye gaye hain.
Jaisa keh Imaam Abu Dawood aur Ibn-e-Maajah ney Naafay bin Jubair bin Mut’em (Rahimahumullah) say aur unhon ney apne walid [Jubair] say rewaayat kiya hai keh main ney Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ko dekha keh jab aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney namaz shuroo ki to farmaya:
اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيْرًا، اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيْرًا – ثَلَاثًا – اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ كَثِيْرًا، اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ كَثِيْرًا – ثَلَاثًا – سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ بُكْرَةً وَّأَصِيْلًا – ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ – ، اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ مِنْ هَمْزِهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ
1. Musnad-e-Ahmad 3/50
2. Sunan Abi Dawud Kitab-us-Salah, Baab: Man Ra’aa Al-Istiftaaha
بسبحانك اللهم…
Hadees :775
Jaami-ut-Tirmizi, Kitab-us-Salaah , Baab maa yaqoolu inda iftetaah-is-Salaah, Hadees no: 242
Sunan Nisaai, Al-Iftetah, Baab: Nau’un aakharu min-az-zikr…, Hadith no:900
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah, Iqaamat-e-salaat , Baab iftetaah-is-Salaah, Hadees no: 804 Mukhtasaran.
Ya’ani teen baar
[ اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا ]
“Allah sab say bara hai bahut bara hai.”
Teen baar
[ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا ]
“Sab ta’areef Allah key liye hai bahut bahut ta’areef.”
Teen baar
[ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا ]
“Tasbeeh karta hun Allah Ta’aala ki subah-o-shaam”
Aur phir yeh kaha:
[ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزِهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ ]
“Aye Allah! beshak main teri panah chahta hun Shaitaan Mardood say, Ya’ani us key Junoon [Dewaangi] say us key Takabbur say aur us key She’aron say.”
Amar bin Murrah [Jo is Hadees key raawi bhi hain] kehte hain keh همزه say murad Shaitaan ki mirgi, aur نفثه say murad us ka She’ar aur نفخه say murad us ka Takabbur hai. 1
Ibn-e-Maajah ney Ibn-e-Mas’ood (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ki bhi hadees bayan ki hai keh Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) kaha karte the:
[ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزِهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ ]
“Aye Allah! beshak main teri panah leta hun Shaitaan Mardood say aur us key Junoon [Dewangi], us key Takabbur aur us key She’aron say.” 2
1. Sunan Abi Dawood Kitab-us-Salaah , Baab maa yustaftahu bihi min-ad-duaai, Hadees no: 764
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah, Iqaamat-e-salaat , Baab Al-Iste’aazah fis-salah,Hadees no: 807 wal-lafz lahu
2. Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah,Kitab-us-Salaah, Baab Al-Iste’aazah fis-salaah, Hadees: 808
♦ Ghusse Key Waqat Ta’awwuz :
Abu Yaala Al-Mausili (Rahimahullah) ney apni Musnad mein Hazrat Ubayi bin Ka’ab (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rewaayat kiya hai keh do (2) aadimi Nabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) key paas baaham jaghar rahe the keh gusse key baa’is un mein say aik ki naak surkh ho gayi to Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
[إِنِّيْ لَأَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا لَوْ قَالَهُ لَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ مَا يَجِدُ[لَوْ قَالَ]: أَعُوْذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ]
“Yaqeenan main aik cheez janta hun keh agar yeh usey parh lay to us ka yeh gussa khatam ho jaye aur woh yeh hai:
[أَعُوْذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ] 1
Imaam Nisaai ney “Kitaab Amal-ul-Yaumi Wal-Lailati” mein is hadees ko issi tarah bayan kiya hai. 2
Imaam Bukhari (Rahimahullah) ney Sulaiman bin Surad (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rewaayat kiya hai keh ham Nabi (ﷺ) key paas baithe huwe they keh do (2) aadmiyon ney aapas mein aik dusre ko bura bhala kehna shuroo kar diya, aisa karte huwe un mein say aik to is qadar ghusse mein tha keh gusse ki wajah say us ka chehra surkh ho gaya, To Nabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ney farmaya:
إِنِّيْ لَأَعْلَمُ كَلِمَةً لَوْ قَالَهَا لَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ مَا يَجِدُ], لَوْ قَالَ: أَعُوْذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ
“Beshak main aik aisa kalimah janta hun keh agar yeh usey parh lay to us ka ghussa khatam ho jaye aur woh kalimah yeh hai:
[أَعُوْذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ]
Sahaaba-e-Keraam (Radhi Allahu Anhum) ney us shakhs say kaha: Tum ney Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) kay farman ko suna hai?
1. Musnad-e-Abi Ya’ala mei ye rewayat hamei nahi mili, albatta Allama Maqdasi ne ise “Al-Ahadis-ul-Mukhtaarah: 2/326, Hadith: 1236” mei Imam Abu Ya’ala hi ki sanad se bayan kia hai
2. As-Sunan-ul-Kubra Lin-Nasaai, Kitab: Amal-ul-Yaumi Wal-Lailati, Baab: maa yaqoolu izaa ghaziba: 6/104, Hadees no: 10223, Nahwahu
Musnad-e-Ahmad : 5/240 An Mu’aaz bin Jabal.
Usne jawab diya keh main majnoon nahi hun. 1
Iss hadees ko Imaam Muslim, Abu Dawood aur Nisaai (Rahimahumullah) ney bhi rewaayat kiya hai. 2
Iste’aazah key baare mein aur bhi bahut si ahadees hain jin ka yahan zikr moojib-e-tewaalat hoga. Yeh ahadees azkar aur fazaail-e-aamaal ki kitaab ka mauzoo hain. Wallahu A’alam.
♦ Iste’aazah Wajib Hai Ya Mustahab?
Jamhoor Ulama ka mazhab yeh hai keh Iste’aazah mustahab hai, wajib nahin hai keh us ka taarik gunah gaar ho.
Imaam Raazi ney Ataa bin Abi Rabaah ka qaul bayan kiya hai keh jo shakhs bhi namaz key andar ya bahar Qur’an-e-Majeed ki Telaawat karna chahe, us key liye iste’aazah wajib hai. 3
Aur Imaam Raazi ney Ataa bin Abi Rabaah key is qaul ki daleel yeh bayan ki hai keh aayat key lafz [فَاسْتَعِذْبِاللّٰهِ] (An-Nahal:16/98)
“To aap panah mangen” say ba-zaahir yehi ma’aloom hota hai, kiyon keh yeh seegha amar ka hai, aur amar wujoob key liye hota hai. Dusri daleel yeh hai keh Nabi (ﷺ) hamesha Ta’awwuz parha karte they, Aur yeh is liye bhi wajib hai keh us say Shaitaan key shar ko door kiya jata hai [Jo bazaat-e-khud wajib hai,] aur jis shay key baghair wajib pura na hota ho, woh bhi wajib hoti hai. Phir Iste’aazah hifazat ka mo’assir zariya hai jis key parhne say insaan Shaitaan key shar say mahfooz rehta hai.
Shaitaan key shar aur waswase say bachne key liye yeh kafi hai keh insaan:
[أَعُوْذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ]
parh lay
1. Sahih-ul-Bukhari Kitab-ul-adab, Baab-ul-hazar min-al-ghazab, Hadees: 6115
2. Sahih Muslim Kitab-ul-birri was-silah, Baab: Fazlo main yamliku nafsahu indal ghazab….., Hadees no: 2610
Sunan Abi Dawood Kitab-ul-adab, Baab maa yuqaalu indal ghazab, Hadees no: 4781
Sunan-ul-kubra Lin-Nasaai, Kitab: Amal-ul-Yaumi Wal-Lailati Baab maa yaqoolu izaa ghaziba: 6/104, Hadees no: 10224
3. Tafseer-ur-Raazi : 20/115
♦ Iste’aazah Key Asraar-o-Rumooz :
Iste’aazah kay Asraar-o-Rumooz mein say numayan yeh hai keh us kay saath insaan Allah Ta’aala key kalaam ki telawat key liye apnay munh ko us laghwo aur be-huda guftagu say paak-o-saaf kar leta hai jo us ney ki hoti hai. Iste’aazah key Saath dar haqeeqat Allah Ta’aala say madad talab karna bhi maqsood hota hai. Aur Allah Ta’aala ki qudrat-o-taaqat aur bande key ejz-o-kamzori ka aiteraaf bhi, keh insaan apne is khullam khulla magar poshidah dushman key moqaabilay say aajiz-o-qaasir hai. Usey door hataane aur us key shar say bachane par sirf woh Allah Ta’aala hi qadir hai jis ney usey paida kiya. Aur yeh dushman bhi aisa hai jo kisi qism key husn-e-sulook aur ehsaan ko qubool nahin karta, jabkeh koi insaan dushman ho to usey husn-e-sulook aur ehsaan waghairah say qaabu kiya ja sakta hai.
Jaisa keh Qur’an-e-Majeed ki in teen (3) aayaat say ma’aloom hota hai jinhain qabal azeen zikr kiya ja chuka hai. 1
Neez irshad bari ta’aala hai:
﴾اِنَّ عِبَادِیْ لَیْسَ لَكَ عَلَیْهِمْ سُلْطٰنٌ ؕ وَكَفٰی بِرَبِّكَ وَكِیْلًا﴿
“Beshak jo mere mukhlis bande hain un par tera koi zorr nahin, aur [Aye paighambar!] aap ka Parwardigaar kaafi hai kaar saaz hai.” Bani Israa’eel 17:65
Insaani dushman say jang key liye to farishte bhi naazil huwe the. Jis Musalmaan ko koi zaahiri aur insaani dushman qatal kar dey to woh shaheed hai magar jise yeh baatini dushman qatal kar dey woh Tareed Yaani Mardood hai. Jis par zaahiri dushman ghaalib aa jaye, usey ajar-o-sawaab mile ga magar jis per yeh baatini dushman ghaalib aa jaye woh mubtala-e-fitna ya gunah gaar hoga. Shaitaan insaan ko dekhta hai magar insaan Shaitaan ko nahin dekh sakta, is liye Shaitaan key shar aur waswase say bachne key liye Iste’aazah key saath ussi zaat-e-gerami say madad talab ki jati hai jo Shaitaan ko to dekhti hai magar Shaitaan usey nahin dekh sakta.
1. Dekhiye Unwaan : “Ta’awwuz ki tafseer aur ahkaam”
“Iste’aazah” yeh hai keh har shareer key shar say bachne key liye Allah Ta’aala ki taraf panah ki jaye aur ussi ki janib say wabasta huwa jaye. Arabic zaban mein (عِيَاذَةٌ) Iyazah ka lafz dafa-e-shar key liye aur (لِيَاذٌ) Liyaaz ka lafz husool-e-khair ki talab key liye iste’imaal hota hai.
♦ Iste’aazah Key Ma’aani:
[أَعُوْذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْمِ]
key Ma’aani yeh huwe keh:
Main Allah ki baargah mein [Is amar ki] Shaitaan Mardood say panah leta hun keh woh deen ya duniya mein mujhe koi nuqsaan pahuncha sake ya mujhe is kaam say rok sake jis key karne ka mujhe hukm diya gaya hai ya mujhe kisi aise kaam par ubhare jis say mujhe mana kiya gaya hai, kiyon keh Shaitaan say insaan ko sirf Allah Ta’aala hi bacha sakta hai. Issi liye Allah Ta’aala ney hukm diya hai keh Shaitaan-e-Ins ka moqaabila husn-e-sulook aur ehsaan key sath kiya jaye, Is say us ki tabi’at ka shar door ho jaye ga, magar Shaitaan-e-Jinn key shar say bachne key liye us ney iste’aazah ka hukm diya hai, kiyon keh yeh aik aisa dushman hai jo na rishwat qubool karta hai aur na kisi neki aur ehsaan say mota’assir hota hai, kiyon keh yeh tab’an shareer hai.
Quran Majeed ki teen Aayaat mein is mazmoon ko bayan kiya gaya hai aur koi chothi Aayat mere ilm mein nahi hai. Surah Aaraaf mein Irshad-e-Baari Ta’ala hai:
﴾خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَاْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَاَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجٰهِلِیْنَ﴿
“Aap afwo ikhtiyaar kijiye aur nek kaam karne ka hukm dijiye aur jaahilon say kinara kar lijiye.” Al-Aaraaf 7:199
Is aayat ka ta’alluq insanon mein say dushmanon key sath mo’aamla karne say hai. Phir [Shaitan key baare mein] farmaya:
﴾وَاِمَّا یَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللّٰهِ ؕ اِنَّهٗ سَمِیْعٌ عَلِیْمٌ﴿
“Aur agar shaitan ka koi waswasa aapko ubhare to Allah ki panah mangiye, beshak woh sun’ne wala [Aur] sab kuch jaan’ne wala hai.” Al-Aaraaf 7:200
Surah Mominoon mein farmaya:
اِدْفَعْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ السَّیِّئَةَ ؕ نَحْنُ اَعْلَمُ بِمَا یَصِفُوْنَ
وَقُلْ رَّبِّ اَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزٰتِ الشَّیٰطِیْنِ
وَاَعُوْذُ بِكَ رَبِّ اَنْ یَّحْضُرُوْنِ
“Buraayi ko is tariqe say dafa kijiye jo ahsan ho aur yeh jo kuch bayan karte hain, hamein woh khoob ma’aloom hai. Aur aap kahen: Aye mere parwardigaar! Main Shaitaanon key waswason say teri panah maangta hun. Aur Aye mere parwardigaar!Main [Is say bhi] teri panah maangta hun keh woh mere paas hazir hon.” Al-Muminoon 23:96-98
Aur Surah Ha-Meem As-Sajdah mein farmaya:
وَلَا تَسْتَوِی الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّیِّئَةُ ؕ اِدْفَعْ بِالَّتِیْ هِیَ اَحْسَنُ فَاِذَا الَّذِیْ بَیْنَكَ وَبَیْنَهٗ عَدَاوَةٌ كَاَنَّهٗ وَلِیٌّ حَمِیْمٌ
وَمَا یُلَقّٰىهَاۤ اِلَّا الَّذِیْنَ صَبَرُوْا ۚ وَمَا یُلَقّٰىهَاۤ اِلَّا ذُوْ حَظٍّ عَظِیْمٍ
وَاِمَّا یَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّیْطٰنِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللّٰهِ ؕ اِنَّهٗ هُوَ السَّمِیْعُ الْعَلِیْمُ
“Aur bhalaayi aur buraayi baraabar nahin ho saktin to buraayi ka aise tareeq say jawaab dijiye jo bahut accha ho [Aisa karne say aap dekhen ge] keh yaka yak woh shakhs keh aap aur us key darmiyan dushmani thi woh aap ka garam josh dost hai. Aur yeh baat unhi logon ko hasil hai jo bardasht karne wale hain aur unhi ko naseeb hoti hai jo bare sahib-e-naseeb hain. Aur agar aap ko shaitan ki janib say koi waswasa ubhare to Allah ki panah maang liya karen. beshak woh khoob sunne wala, khoob jaan’ne wala hai.” Ha-Meem As-Sajdah 41:34-36
♦Lafz Shaitan Ki Wajah-e-Tasmiyah :
Shaitaan ka lafz Arabic zaban mein (شَطَنَ) Shatan say mushtaq hai jis key ma’aani door hone key hain, to shaitan ko shaitan is liye kaha jata hai keh woh apni taba key aitebaar say insaani tabaaye’e say, aur apne fisq ki wajah say har khair-o-bhalaayi say door hai. Yeh bhi kaha gaya hai keh (شَاطَ) Shaat “bharakna” say mushtaq hai kiyon keh yeh aag say paida kiya gaya hai. Ba’az log kehte hain keh ma’aani key aitebaar se yeh donon Ishteqaaq sahih hain magar in mein say pehla ziyadah sahih hai.
Seebawaih ney kaha hai keh Arab kehte hain: تَشَیْطَنَ فُلَانٌ Aur yeh us waqat kehte hain jab koi shaitanon ka sa kaam kare. 1
Aur agar yeh (شَاطَ) Shaat say mushtaq hota to (تَشَيْطَنَ) key bajaaye (تَشَشَّطَ) kehte, Lehaaza sahih baat yeh hai keh shaitan (شَطَنَ) ba-ma’ani (بَعُدَ) say mushtaq hai, yahi wajah hai keh har sarkash Jinn, insaan aur haiwaan ko Arab shaitan kehte hain, chunaancheh irshad bari ta’aala hai:
وَكَذٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نَبِیٍّ عَدُوًّا شَیٰطِیْنَ الْاِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ یُوْحِیْ بَعْضُهُمْ اِلٰی بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُوْرًا
“Aur issi tarah ham ney shaitan [Seerat] insanon aur jinnon ko har paighambar ka dushman bana diya tha. woh dhoka dene key liye aik dusre key dil mein molamma shudah baatain daalte rehte the.” Al-An’aam 6:112
Sahih Muslim mein Hazrat Abu Zarr (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rewaayat hai keh Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya:
فَإِنَّهُ يَقْطَعُ صَلَاتَهُ الْحِمَارُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ وَالْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ
“Beshak namaz Gadhe, Aurat aur Siyaah Kutte [Key aage say guzarne] say toot jaati hai.”
[Abu Zarr (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ke shagird Abdullah bin Saamit kehte hain:]
Main ney arz ki: Aye Abu Zarr! Surkh ya Zard rang key Kutte ki nisbat yeh hukm Siyaah rang key Kutte key liye kiyun hai?
Abu Zarr (Radhi Allahu Anhu) kehne lage: Aye bhatije! Tu ne mujh say jo sawaal kiya hai Rasoolullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) key saamne main ney bhi yeh sawaal rakha tha to aap ney farmaya:
[اَلْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ شَيْطَانٌ] “Siyaah Kutta Shaitaan hai.” 2
1. Tafseer-ut-Tabri : 1/90
2. Sahih Muslim, As-Salat, baab qadr ma yastirul musalli, hadees: 510
Ibn-e-Jareer ney rewaayat kiya hai keh Hazrat Umar bin Khattaab (Radhi Allahu Anhu) turkey ghore par sawaar huwe to us ney motakabbiraana chaal chalna shuroo kar di, Hazrat Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ney usey maarna shuroo kar diya to woh aur bhi ziyadah motakabbiraana chaal chalne laga, chunaancheh Hazrat Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhu) us ghore say niche utar aaye aur farmaya:
Tum ney mujhe shaitan par sawaar karwaya hai, jab main us par sawaar tha to main ney apne dil mein ajeeb tabdeeli mahsoos ki yahan tak keh main us say utar aaya. Is ki sanad sahih hai. 1
♦ Rajeem kay ma’aani:
Rajeem, Fa’eel kay wazan par Maf’ool (Marjoom) kay ma’aani mein hai, aur Marjoom us ko kahtay hain jo har qisam ki kahir say door ho. Jaisa keh irshad bari ta’aala hai:
﴾وَلَقَدْ زَیَّنَّا السَّمَآءَ الدُّنْیَا بِمَصَابِیْحَ وَجَعَلْنٰهَا رُجُوْمًا لِّلشَّیٰطِیْنِ﴿
“Aur yaqeen ham ney aasman-e-duniya ko [Taaron key] chiraghon say zeenat di aur un ko shaitanon ko maarne ka aala banaya.” Al-Mulk 67:5
Aur farmaya:
اِنَّا زَیَّنَّا السَّمَآءَ الدُّنْیَا بِزِیْنَةِ نِ الْكَوَاكِبِ
وَحِفْنِظًا مِّنْ كُلِّ شَیْطٰنٍ مَّارِدٍ
لَا یَسَّمَّعُوْنَ اِلَی الْمَلَاِ الْاَعْلٰی وَیُقْذَفُوْنَ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ
دُحُوْرًا وَّلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ وَّاصِبٌ
إِلَّا مَنْ خَطِفَ الْخَطْفَةَ فَاَتْبَعَهٗ شِهَابٌ ثَاقِبٌ
“Beshak ham ney aasman-e-duniya ko sitaaron ki zeenat say mozayyan kiya, aur har shaitan sarkash say us ki hifazat ki keh upar ki majlis ki taraf kaan na laga sakein, aur har taraf se dhutkaarne key liye [Un par angare] phenke jate hain, aur un key liye daaimi azaab hai, Haan! jo koi [Farishton ki kisi baat ko] chori say jhapat lena chahe to chamakta huwa angara us key piche lagta hai.” As-Saffat 37:6-10
1. Tafseer-ut-Tabri : 1/75
Aur farmaya:
وَلَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا فِی السَّمَآءِ بُرُوْجًا وَّزَیَّنّٰهَا لِلنّٰظِرِیْنَ
وَحَفِظْنٰهَا مِنْ كُلِّ شَیْطٰنٍ رَّجِیْمٍ
اِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَرَقَ السَّمْعَ فَاَتْبَعَهٗ شِهَابٌ مُّبِیْنٌ
“Aur yaqeenan ham hi ney aasman mein sitaare banaye aur dekhne walon key liye us ko sajaya aur har raanda-e-dargah shaitan say usey mahfooz kar diya, Haan! agar koi chori say sun’na chahe to chamakta huwa angaara us key piche lapakta hai.” Al-Hijr 15:16-18
Is mafhoom ki aur bhi kayi aayaat hain. Yeh bhi kaha gaya hai keh (رَجِیْمِ) Rajeem [Rajm karne wala Ya’ani isim-e-faail] key ma’aani mein hai, kiyun keh woh logon ko waswase aur be-huda khayalaat key zariye say rajm, Ya’ani unhein tabah karta hai. Lekin in mein say (رَجِیْمِ) ka pehla ma’aani ziyadah mash’hoor aur ziyadah sahih hai.