Tafsir ul Fatiha [1: 2-3]
173
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
2
ۙ
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ
Sab ta’areef Allah Ta’aala hi key liye hai
jo tamam jahaanon ka paalne wala hai
Tafseer Aayat No: 2
“Hamd” Key Ma’aani :
Abu Jaafar Ibn-e-Jareer (Rahimahullah) kehte hain keh ﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿ Key ma’aani yeh hain keh shukr sirf Allah Ta’aala key liye khaas hai. Us key siwa jin ma’budon ki ibaa’dat ki jati hai ya us ney jo bhi makhlooq paida farmayi hai un mein say koi bhi us ka mustahiq nahin hai, is liye keh us ney apne bandon ko un tamam be hadd-o-hisaab ne’amaton say sarfaraaz farmaya jinhen us key siwa koi shumaar nahin kar sakta. us ney apni itaa’at karne key liye tamam asbaab ataa farmaye, faraiz ada karne key liye apne bandon ko tamam jismani taaqaton say nawaza. aur phir duniya mein rizq ki farawani ataa farmayi aur zindagi basar karne key liye kisi haqq key baghair anwaa-o-aqsaam ki ne’amaton say sarfaraaz farmaya. aur us ney hamein un asbaab key baare mein bataya aur unhein ikhteyaar karne ki da’awat bhi di jo abdi ne’amaton key moqam Jannat mein abdi-o-sarmadi zindagi ka zariya hain, pas awwal-o-aakhir usi zaat paak ki hamd hai.
1
Ibn-e-Jareer (Rahimahullah) kehte hain keh ﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿ Sana ka kalimah hai, is key sath Allah Ta’aala ney khud apni sana bayan farmayi hai. Aur us key ziman mein apne bandon ko bhi us ney yeh hukm diya hai keh woh bhi us ki sana bayan karein, goya us ney hamein hukm yeh diya hai keh jab meri sana bayan karne lago to kaho: [اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ]
2
Ibn-e-Jareer (Rahimahullah) kehte hain: Yeh bhi kaha jata hai keh
﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿ Kehne say Allah Ta’aala key acche naam aur buland sifaat key sath us ki sana hai aur الشُّكْرُ لِلّٰهِ Kehne say us ki ne’amaton aur us key ehsanaat key sath us ki sana hai.
3
1.
Tafseer-ut-Tabri :1/90
2.
Tafseer-ut-Tabri :1/92
3.
Tafseer-ut-Tabri :1/90
174
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
Hamd Aur Shukr Mein Farq:
Tahqeeqi baat yeh hai keh un donon mein umoom aur khusoos ki nisbat hai. Is haisiyat say keh yeh donon lafz ne’amat aur ehsaan key badle ya siley key taur par bole jayein toh “Hamd” ka lafz “Shukr” ki nisbat aam hai kiyun keh is ka iste’imaal lazim aur mota’addi donon qism ki sifaat key liye hota hai. Masalan: aap yeh keh sakte hain: حَمِدْتُّهُ لِفُرُوسِيَّتِهِ “Main ney us ki shahsawari ki wajaah say us ki ta’areef ki.” Aur حَمِدْتُّهُ لِكَرَمِهِ “Main ney us ki sakhawat ki wajaah say us ki ta’areef ki.” Lekin is haisiyat say keh yeh lafz zabaan hi say ada ho sakta hai, yeh lafz khaas hai. Aur chunkeh “Shukr” qaul, fe’al aur niyat teenon say ada ho sakta hai, Lehaaza yeh aam hai. Aur yeh sirf mota’addi sifaat key liye iste’imaal hota hai, is wajah say yeh khaas hai, chunaancheh aap yeh nahin keh sakte keh شَكَرْتُهُ لِفُرُوْسِيَّتِهِ “Main ney us ki shahsawari ki wajah say us ka shukr ada kiya.” Haan, albatta aap yeh keh sakte hain keh شَكَرْتُهُ عَلَى كَرَمِهِ وَ إِحْسَانِهِ إِلَىَّ “Main ney apne sath us key karam-o-ehsaan par us ka shukr ada kiya.” Iss silsiley mein ba’az mota’akhkhireen ki tahreer ka yahi khulasa hai. Wallahu Aalam.
Abu Nasr Ismaa’eel bin Hammaad Johri ney likha hai keh: Hamd ka lafz zam key moqabil hai. aap keh sakte hain:
حَمِدْتُّ الرَّجُلَ أَحْمَدُهُ حَمْدًا وَّ مَحْمَدَةً Is mohaawre ke motabiq jo shakhs qaabil-e-ta’areef ho usey Hadeed aur Mahmood kaha jata hai. Aur Tahmeed mein Hamd se bhi ziyada mobaaligha hai. Aur Hamd ka lafz Shukr say aam hai. Aur شكر kisi mohsin ki ehsaan mandi aur us ki di huwi ne’amaton par uski sana karne ko kehte hai. Aur arabic zaban mei iska iste’imaal شَكَرْتُهُaur شَكَرْتُ لَهُ Dono tara hota hai lekin laam ke sath ziyada faseeh hai.
1
Madah ka lafz Hamd ki nisbat aam hai kiyun keh yeh zindah aur murdah balkeh jamadaat key liye bhi iste’imaal hota hai. Ya’ani khaane peene ki cheezon aur makaan waghairah key liye bhi yeh lafz iste’imaal kiya jata hai, neez ehsaan say pehle bhi aur ba’ad mein bhi aur isi tarah mota’addi aur lazim donon tarah key sifaat key liye bhi yeh lafz bola ja sakta hai. Is aitebaar say yeh lafz umoom ki shaan liye huwe hai.
1.
As-Sihaah : 2/407, 602
175
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
“Hamd” Key Baare Mein Salaf Key Aqwaal:
Ibn-e-Abi Hatim (Rahimahullah) ney Hazrat Ibn-e-Abbas (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) ki rewaayat bayan ki hai ke Hazrat Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ne farmaya: Ham [سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ] Aur [لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ] Ko to jante hain lekin
﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿ ka kiya matlab hai? Hazrat Ali (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ney jawab diya:Yeh aik aisa kalima hai jisey Allah Ta’aala ney apne liye pasand farmaya hai.
1
Abu Ma’amar key ilaawa aik dusre raawi ney Hafs say yeh alfaaz rewaayat kiye hain keh Hazrat Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ne deegar doston ki maujoodgi mein Hazrat Ali (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say daryaaft kiya keh
[لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ] ﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿ Aur [اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ] Key kalimaat key maf’hoom ko to ham jante hain, magar [سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ] ka kiya matlab hai?
Hazrat Ali (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ney jawab diya keh yeh aik aisa kalima hai jisey Allah Ta’aala ney apne liye pasand farmaya hai.Aur woh is baat ko bhi pasand farmata hai keh is kalime ko kaha jaye.
2
Ibn-e-Abbaas (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) farmate hain keh ﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿
Kalimah-e-Shukr hai, jab banda kehta hai: ﴾اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ﴿ toh Allah Ta’aala farmata hai keh mere bande ney mera shukr ada kiya hai.
3
Fazaa’il-e-Hamd:
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Rahimahullah) ney Aswad bin Sareeh ki rewaayat bayan ki hai keh main ney arz ki : Aye Allah key Rasool! Main aap ko apne woh ash’aar na sunaaun jin mein main ney apne Rab tabaarak wa Ta’aala ki Hamd bayan ki hai ? Farmaya: [أَمَا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ يُحِبُّ الْحَمْدَ]
“Beshak tumhara Rab hamd ko bahut pasand farmata hai.”
4
1.
Tafseer Ibn Abi Hatim : 1/27
2.
Tafseer Ibn Abi Hatim : 1/27
3.
Tafseer Ibn Abi Hatim : 1/26.
4.
Musnad Ahmad : 3/435 | Sunan-ul-kubra Lin-Nasaai, An-Nu’oot, Baab-ul-Hubbi wal-karaahiyah:4/416, Hadees: 7745
176
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
Tirmizi, Nisaai aur Ibn-e-Maajah mein Hazrat Jabir bin Abdullah (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) ki rewaayat hai keh Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya:
[أَفْضَلُ الذِّكْرِ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ الْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ ]
“Sab say afzal zikr لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ Aur sab say afzal dua الْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ hai.”
1
Imaam Tirmizi ney is Hadees ko Hasan Ghareeb qaraar diya hai.
Imaam Ibn-e-Maajah ney Hazrat Anas bin Malik (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ki rewaayat bayan ki hai keh Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya:
[مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عَبْدٍ نِعْمَةً فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ إِلاَّ كَانَ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهُ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ]
“Jis bande ko Allah Ta’aala kisi ne’amat say sarfaraz farmaye aur woh us par الحمد لله kahy to us ka yeh hamd kahna us ne’amat say afzal hai jo us ney hasil ki hai.”
2
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah hi mein Ibn-e-Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) se rewaayat hai ke Rasoolullah (ﷺ) ney farmaya:
أَنَّ عَبْدًا مِنْ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كَمَا يَنْبَغِي لِجَلاَلِ وَجْهِكَ وَلِعَظِيمِ سُلْطَانِكَ فَعَضَّلَتْ بِالْمَلَكَيْنِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِيَا كَيْفَ يَكْتُبَانِهَا فَصَعِدَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَقَالاَ يَا رَبَّنَا إِنَّ عَبْدَكَ قَدْ قَالَ مَقَالَةً لاَ نَدْرِي كَيْفَ نَكْتُبُهَا . قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا قَالَ عَبْدُهُ مَاذَا قَالَ عَبْدِي قَالاَ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كَمَا يَنْبَغِي لِجَلاَلِ وَجْهِكَ وَعَظِيمِ سُلْطَانِكَ . فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُمَا اكْتُبَاهَا كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدِي حَتَّى يَلْقَانِي فَأَجْزِيَهُ بِهَا
“Bandgaan-e-ilaahi mein say aik bande ney yeh kaha: Aye parwardigar! Teri is tarah ta’areef hai jis tarah tera chehra-e-aqdas key jalaal aur teri azeem baadshahat key shaayaan-e-shaan hai. Is say donon farishte hairaan-o-pareshaan ho gaye. unhen ma’aloom nahin tha keh woh is ka ajar-o-sawaab kaise likhein? Lehaaza woh aasman ki taraf charh gaye. Aur baargah-e-ilahi mein unhon ney arz ki: Aye hamare Rab! Tere aik bande ney aik aisa kalima kaha hai jis key baare mein hamein ma’aloom nahin keh ham us ka ajar-o-sawaab kaise likhein ?
Allah Ta’aala ney farmaya:Halanakeh woh khoob jaanta hai keh us key bande ney kiya kaha tha.Mere bande ney kiya kaha hai ?
Unhon ney arz ki: Aye Parwardigaar! Tere bande ney kaha hai:
[يَا رَبِّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كَمَا يَنْبَغِىْ لِجَلَالِ وَجْهِكَ وَعَظِيْمِ سُلْطَانِكَ]
To Allah Azza-wa-jalla ney un farishton say farmaya keh is kalima ko issi tarah likh lo jis tarah mere bande ney kaha hai hatta keh jab woh meri
1.
Jaami-ut-Tirmizi, Kitab-ud-da’awaat, Baab maa jaa anna daawat-ul-muslim mustajabah, Hadees: 3383 | Sunan-ul-kubra Amal-ul-Yaumi Wal-Lailati, Baab afzal-uz-zikr wa afzal-ud-dua:6/208, Hadees: 10667 | Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah, Kitab-ul-adab, Baab fazl-ul Haamideen, Hadees: 3800
2.
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah, Kitab-ul-adab, Baab fazl-ul-Haamideen, Hadees: 3805
177
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
azeem baadshahat key shaayaan-e-shaan hai. Is say donon farishte hairaan-o-pareshaan ho gaye. unhen ma’aloom nahin tha keh woh is ka ajar-o-sawaab kaise likhein? Lehaaza woh aasman ki taraf charh gaye. Aur baargah-e-ilahi mein unhon ney arz ki: Aye hamare Rab! Tere aik bande ney aik aisa kalima kaha hai jis key baare mein hamein ma’aloom nahin keh ham us ka ajar-o-sawaab kaise likhein ?
Allah Ta’aala ney farmaya:Halanakeh woh khoob jaanta hai keh us key bande ney kiya kaha tha.Mere bande ney kiya kaha hai?
Unhon ney arz ki: Aye Parwardigaar! Tere bande ney kaha hai:
[يَا رَبِّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كَمَا يَنْبَغِىْ لِجَلَالِ وَجْهِكَ وَعَظِيْمِ سُلْطَانِكَ]
To Allah Azza-wa-jalla ney un farishton say farmaya keh is kalima ko issi tarah likh lo jis tarah mere bande ney kaha hai hatta keh jab woh meri mulaqaat key liye aaye ga to main khud usey us ki jaza dun ga.”
1
﴾الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴿ ka Alif Laam istighraaq key liye hai:
﴾الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴿ Mein Alif Laam istighraaq key liye hai, Ya’ani hamd ki tamam anwaa-o-aqsaam sirf Allah Ta’aala hi key liye khas hain . Jaisa keh hadees mein hai:
اَللّٰهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ، وَلَكَ الْمُلْكُ كُلُّهُ، وَبِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ، إِلَيْكَ يَرْجِعُ الْأَمْرُ كُلُّهُ
“Aye Allah! Tamam ta’areefein tere hi liye hain, tamam baadshahaten tere hi liye hain, tamam bhalaaiyan tere hi haath mein hain aur tamam umoor tere hi taraf lautaye jaate hain.”
2
﴾رَبِّ﴿ Key Ma’aani:
“Rab” Malik aur Mutasarrif ko kehte hain. lughat mein is ka itlaaq sardaar aur islaah key liye tasarruf karne wale par bhi hota hai. un sab ma’aani key aitebaar say is lafz ka Allah Ta’aala key liye iste’imaal sahih hai. Ghairullah key liye Rab ka lafz izaafat hi key sath iste’imaal ho sakta hai.
1.
Sunan Ibn-e-Maajah, Kitab-ul-adab, Baab fazl-ul-Haamideen, Hadees: 3801
Al-Mojam-ul-Kabeer Lit-Tabraani: 12/334,335 mein dusri martaba bhi [ولعظيم سلطانك] hai.
2.
Musnad Ahmad : 5/396 Mutawwalan, An Huzaifah (Radhi Allahu Anhu). Magar yeh rewaayat za’eef hai, kiyun keh Hazrat Huzaifah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say bayan karne wale (Raawi) Maj’hool hain.
178
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
aitebaar say is lafz ka Allah Ta’aala key liye iste’imaal sahih hai. Ghairullah key liye Rab ka lafz izaafat hi key sath iste’imaal ho sakta hai.
Masalan: رَبُّ الدَّار “Ghar ka Malik” | رَبُّ كَذَا “Falaan cheez ka Malik”
Baghair izaafat key Rab ka lafz sirf Allah Azza-wa-jalla hi key liye iste’imaal hota hai. Ba’az ka qaul hai keh Lafz-e-Rab hi ism-e-aazam hai.
﴾
2
الْعٰلَمِیْنَ
﴿
Key Ma’aani:
Aalameen, Aalam ki jama hai. Allah Ta’aala key siwa har maujood cheez ko aalam kehte hain. aalam ka lafz khud bhi ism-e-jama hai, kiyun keh is key lafz say is ka koi wahid nahin. aasmanon aur barr-o-beher ki makhlooqaat ki anwaa-o-aqsaam mukhtalif aalam hain, issi tarah aik zamane aur aik nasal ko bhi aalam kaha jata hai.
Farraa aur Abu Ubaid ka qaul hai keh Aalam ka lafz zawil-uqool, Ya’ani insaanon, jinnon, farishton aur shaitanon key liye iste’imaal hota hai, haiwaanon key liye aalam ka lafz iste’imaal nahin hota. Zaid bin Aslam aur Abu Muhaisin say rewaayat hai keh Aalam har us cheez ko kehte hain jis mein Rooh maujood ho. Qataadah kehte hain keh makhlooq mein say har qism aik aalam hai. Zujjaaj ka qaul hai keh Allah Ta’aala ney duniya-o-aakhirat mein jo kuch paida farmaya hai, woh sab aalam hai.
1
2
3
4
Qurtubi kehte hain keh yahi qaul sahih hai, kiyun keh yeh sab aalamon ko shaamil hai. Jaisa keh irshad bari ta’aala hai:
5
قَالَ رَبُّ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضِ وَمَا بَیْنَهُمَا ؕ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ
ؕ
قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَا رَبُّ الْعٰلَمِیْنَ
﴿
As-Shu’araa 26 : 23,24
﴾
مُّوْقِنِیْنَ
“Fir’aun ney kaha tamam jahaanon ka malik kiya hai? Moosa ney kaha keh aasmanon aur zameen aur jo kuch un donon mein hai, sab ka malik hai, bashartikeh logon ko yaqeen ho.”
1.
Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/138
2.
Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/138 Nahwahu.
3.
Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/95
4.
Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/139
5.
Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/139
179
Surah Fatiha: 01, Aayat: 02
Aalam Ki Wajah-e-Tasmiyah :
Aalam ka lafz Alaamat say mushtaq hai, usey aalam is liye kaha jata hai keh yeh aalam key paida karne wale aur us key banane wale key wujood aur wahdaniyat ki daleel aur ilaamat hai.
1
1.
Tafseer-ul-Qurtabi : 1/139