51. ZAEF, LAUNDI, BIWI AUR CHOUPOU PAR ZULM KARNA [Being overbearing towards the weak, slaves, girls, wives & animals]
ZA’EEF, MAMLOOK, LAUNDI, BIWI AUR CHOPAYE PAR DAST DARAZI KARNA
In logon par zulm karna kabeera gunah hai
Kyun keh Allah ta’ala ne tou apne farman mein in kay sath ehsan karne ka hukum farmaya hai:
وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا ۖ وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًا وَبِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلْجَارِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْجَارِ ٱلْجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلْجَنۢبِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا۞
“Aur Allah ki ibadat karo aur kisi cheez ko uska Shareek na banao, tum walidain kay sath, qarabat daaron kay sath, yateemon kay sath, miskeenon kay sath, parosion kay sath qarabat daar hon ya ajnabi, pas kay uthne bethne walon kay sath, musafiron kay sath, laundi kay sath aur ghulamon kay sath husne sulook se paish ao, yad rakho keh Allah takabbur karne walon aur shaikhi karne walon ko pasand nahin karta”
An-Nisa : 36
Al wahidi ne Allah ta’ala kay farman
وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا
Ki tafseer mein farmaya: Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim Al meherjani ne apni sanad se maaz bin Jabal se riwayat kia hai, unhon ne farmaya: main Nabi ﷺ kay peeche gadhe par sawar tha tou Aap ne farmaya: maaz! Main ne arz kia Allah kay Rasul! Main hazir hun, main hazir hun, aap ne farmaya:
“Kia tum jante ho Allah ka bandon par kia haq hai? Aur bandon ka Allah par Kai haq hai?”
Main ne arz kia, Allah aur us kay Rasul behtar jante hain, ap ne farmaya:
Allah ka bandon par yeh haq hai keh woh uski ibadat karen us kay sath kisi ko Shareek na banaen aur bandon ka Allah par yeh haq hai keh jo shakhs Allah kay sath shirk na kare woh usko Azab na de”
Ibne Mas’ood رضي الله عنهما bayan karte hain, aik a’rabi Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein aya tou us ne arz kia: Allah kay Nabi, mujhe wasiyyat farmaen, ap ne farmaya:
“Allah kay sath kisi ko Shareek na banana khuwah tumhen tukre tukre kardia jae ya tumhen Jala dia jae, namaz ko us kay waqt se muakhar na karna kyun keh woh Allah ka zimma hai, sharab na Pina kyun keh woh har Shar ki chabi hai”
وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًا
Un donon kay sath lutfo meherbani se paish ana, pehlu naram rakhna aur unhen sakhti se jawab na dena, unhen ghoor kar na dekhna, apni awaz un par buland na karna, balkeh us kay samne is tarah aajizi se paish ana jis tarah ghulam apne aaqa kay samne aajizi ka izhar karta hai
وَبِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ
Qarabat daaron kay sath silah rehmi karna aur un par rehem karna
وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
Un par narmi karna, unhen qareeb rakhna aur un kay sar par Pyar se hath pherna
وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ
Un par ma’muli sa kharch karna aur Ahsan andaz se unko wapas karna
وَٱلْجَارِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ
Ya’ani woh shakhs jiski aap k aur us kay mabain qarabat ho, pas us kay lie haqqe qarabat, haqqe hamsaegi aur haqqe Islam hai
وَٱلْجَارِ ٱلْجُنُبِ
Woh shakhs jiski aap se koi qarabat na ho,use ajnabi kaha jata hai, jab woh pardesi apne ehlo ayal se dur ho, aur qaum ajanib aur janabat se murad duri hai, Ayesha رضي الله عنه se riwayat hai keh Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya:
Jibrael عليه السلام parosi kay baare mein mujhe takeed karte rahe hatta keh mujhe guman hone Laga keh woh use waris bana denge”
Anas bin Malik bayan karte hain RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
Roz-e-Qayamat parosi parosi kay sath mu’allaq hojaega aur arz karega, ya Rabb! Tu ne mere is Bhai ko kashaish ataa ki jab keh mujhe tang haali ataa ki, main bhuka rehta tha aur yeh Khub sair ho kar khata tha, isse puch keh is ne apna darwaza mujh par kyun band kia tha, is ne us cheez se jis kay sath tu ne ise kashaish ataa ki thi mujhe kyun mehrum rakha”
وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلْجَنۢبِ
Ibne Abbas aur Mujahid ne farmaya: isse murad hamsafar hai, us kay lie haqqe hamsaegi aur haqqe masahib hai
وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ
Yeh woh za’eefo natawan hai is kay sathion par wajib hai keh woh Jahan chahta hai use wahan pohoncha den, Ibne Abbas رضي الله عنهما ne farmaya: woh raah guzar hai tum ise thikana faraham karo aur use khana khilao hatta keh woh ap kay pas se kooch kar jae
وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ۗ
Isse murad mamlook hai keh usko acha rizq dia jae aur uski khataon se darguzar kia jae
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا
Ibne Abbas رضي الله عنهما ne farmaya: مختال se murad woh shakhs hai jo apne aap ko bara khayal karta hai aur Allah kay huqooq adaa nahin karta jabkeh الفخور se murad woh shakhs hai jisko Allah ne apne ikramo in’aam se nawaza ho aur woh us wajah se Allah kay bandon par fakhro ghuroor karta ho
Abu Hurairah se riwayat hai keh RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Is asnaa mein keh aik naujawan shakhs jo tumse pehle tha libas zaib tan kie hue bare fakhro ghuroor se itrata hua chal raha tha keh achanak zameen ne use nigal lia aur woh Qayamat qaim hone tak us mein dhansta chala jaega”
Usama bayan karte hain main ne Ibne Umar ko bayan karte hue suna men main ne RasullAllah ﷺ ko farmate hue suna:
Jis shakhs ne azrahe takabbur apna kapra latkaya tou Roz-e-Qayamat Allah uski taraf nahin dekhega
[Bukhari, Muslim]
Yeh tamam tafseel Al wahidi ne bayan ki hai
RasullAllah ﷺ jab apne akhri maraz mein is dunia se tashreef le ja rahe the tou aap namaz qaim karne aur mamlook kay sath husne sulook ki wasiyyat farma rahe the:
“Namaz aur apne ghulamon kay baare mein Allah se darte rehna, Allah se darte rehna” [Abu Dawood, Ibne Majah]
Hadith mein hai:
“Acha mizaj rakhna barkat hai jabkeh bura akhlaq rakhna nahusat hai”
Aur RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Bure akhlaq wala shakhs jannat mein nahin jaega”
Abu Mas’ood bayan karte hain: main kaure kay sath apne ghulam ko mar raha tha keh main ne apne peeche se aik awaz Suni: Abu Mas’ood! Jaan le Allah tum par isse ziada qudrat rakhta hai jitna keh tum is ghulam par qudrat rakhte ho”
Woh bayan karte hain main ne arz kia Allah kay Rasul! Main aenda apne ghulam ko kabhi bhi nahin marunga, aur aik riwayat mein hai: Allah kay Rasul ki haibat ki wajah se mere hath se kaura gir gaya, aur aik riwayat mein hai: main ne arz kia: woh Allah ki raza kay lie Azad hai, tou aap ne farmaya:
“Sun lo, agar tum aisa na karte you Qayamat kay din aag tumhen jhulas deti”
Ibne Umar bayan karte hain, RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jis ne apne ghulam ko us kay nakardah jurm par saza di ya use thapar mara tou uska kaffaraha yeh hai keh woh usko Azad karde”
Hakeem bihizam bayan karte hain RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Allah un logon ko azab dega jo logon ko dunia mein azab dete hain “
Hadith mein hai: jis shakhs ne kisi ko nahaq kaure se mara usse Roz-e-Qayamat badla lia jaega
Rasulullah ﷺ se arz kiya gaya’ ham khadim se kis qadar darguzar karen?
Ap ne farmaya: “din mein sattar martaba.” [Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi]
Aik din Nabi ﷺ kay hath mein miswaak thi, ap ne apne khadim ko bulaya, us ne aane mein takheer ki tou ap ne farmaya: “agar qisaas na hota tou main tumhen is miswaak kay sath marta.” Abu Huraira رضي الله ki aik siyaah faam loundi thi’ unho ne aik din us par koora uthaya tou farmaya: agar qisaas na hota tou main tumhen behosh kar deta’ lekin main anqareeb tumhen aise shakhs kay sath farokht karonga jo mujhe teri pori qeemat dega, to chali ja, pas tu Allah ki raza ki khatir azad hai.
Aik aurat Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hoi tou us ne arz kiya, allah kay Rasool ! Main ne apni loundi se kaha: nahi, ap ne farmaya: “sun lo, wo roz e qayamat tum se badla legi.” Pas wo apni loundi kay pas gai aur usse koora de kar kaha: mujhe maro, loundi ne inkaar kiya tou us ne usse azad kar diya. Phir wo Nabi ﷺ ki khidmat mein hazir hoi tou us ne ap ko us kay azad kiye jane kay bare mein bataya’ tou ap ne farmaya: “umeed hai.” Ya’ani umeed hai keh tumhara usse azad karna, tumhara us par tuhmat lagane ka kufur ban jae.
Sahihain mein hai keh Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Jis shakhs ne apne mamlook par tuhmat lagai, jabkeh wo us se laa ta’aluq ho, jo us ne usse kaha hai’ agar wo us kay kehne kay mutabiq na hua tou roz e qayamat batour had us ko koore mare jaenge.” Aur Hadith mein hai “mamlook kay zimme hai us ka khana aur libaas’ aur jis kam ki wo taqat na rakhta ho tou us ka zimmedar na thehraya jae.”
Aur ap ﷺ duniya se tashreef le jate waqt Sahaba kiram ko wasiyat farma rahe the:
“Namaz aur apne ghulamon kay bare mein allah se darte rehna, Allah se darte rehna, jo Khud khate ho wohi unhen khilao, jaisa khud pehno waisa unhe pehnao, un kay zimme koi aisa kam na lagao jis ki wo taqat na rakhte ho, agar tum unhe (kahin aise kam ka) zimmedar thehra do tou phir un ki madad karo aur Allah ki makhlooq ko azab na do, Allah ne tumhen un ka malik bana diya hai aur agar wo chahe tou us ko tumhara malik bana de.”
Salman Farsi رضي الله kay pas kuch log aae, wo us waqt madain kay governor the, unho ne unhe apne ghar walon ka aata gondhne kay liye loundi nahi chorte? Ap ne farmaya: ham ne usse kisi kam kay liye bheja hai, ham passand nahi karte keh us par dosra kam jama kar den.
Salaf mein se kisi ne kaha hai: mamlook ko har gunah par na maro, lekin us ko yaad rakho, phir jab wo Allah T’ala ki nafarmani kare tou phir us ko Allah ki nafarmani par maro usse wo gunah bhi yaad karwao jo tere aur us kay darmiyan hain.
FASAL:
Mamlook aur loundi kay sath sab se bari bad sulooki, us kay aur us kay bache kay darmiyan ya us kay aur us kay bhai kay darmiyan judai dalna hai. Jaisa keh Nabi ﷺ se marvi hai keh ap ne farmaya:
“Jis ne kisi Walden aur us kay bache kay darmiyan judai dali tou roz e qayamat Allah us kay aur us kay chhahite kay darmiyan judai dal dega.” [Tirmidhi]
Ali كرم الله وجهه bayan karte hain. Rasool Allah ﷺ ne mujhe do ghulam atta kiye jo keh donon bhai the, main ne un mein se aik ko farokht kar diya tou Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya: “isse wapis karo, isse wapis karo.”
Mamlook, loundi aur chopae ko bhooka rakhna bhi zumre mein hai.
Rasoolullah ﷺ farmate hain:
“Bande kay liye yahi gunah kafi hai, keh wo jis ka malik hai, us ki rozi band kar de.” [Muslim]
Aur ye bhi ussi zumre mein ata hai keh wo chopae ko dardnak saza de aur usse band kar de aur us ki zaroorat bhar usse khoorak na de ya us ki taqat se ziyada us par boojh daal de.
Allah T’ala kay farman
وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَا طَٰٓئِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ إِلَّآ أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُم ۚ
“Jitne haiwanat Zameen par chalte phirte hain aur jitne parinde apne baazo’on se urte phirte hain, sab tumhari tarah ki makhlooq hain.”
Ki tafseer mein riwayat kiya gaya hai keh qayamat kay din un ko laya jaega jabkeh tamam log khare honge, un kay darmiyan faisla kar diya jaega hatta keh be seeng bakri kay liye seengon wali bakri se badla liya jaega hatta keh choonti ko choonti se qisaas dilaya jaega, phir un kay liye kaha jaega, matti hojao, wahan kafir kahega: “haaye kash keh main bhi matti hota.” Aur ye chopaon kay apas mein aur un kay aur insanon kay mabian qaza ki daleel hai. Hatta keh agar insan ne chopae ko na haq mara, usse bhooka piyasa rakha us ki taqat se ziyada us kay zimme kaam laga diya, tou wo roz e qayamat us se badla lega jo us ne us par zulm kiya tha ya us ko bhooka rakha tha. Abu Huraira رضي الله bayan karte hain, Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Aik aurat ko aik billi ki waja se azab diya gaya, us ne usse bandh rakha hatta keh wo bhooki faut hogai, jab us ne usse bandh rakha tha tou us ne khud usse khilaya na pilaya aur na hi usse chora keh wo hasharat ul arz mein se kuch kha leti.” [Bukhari; Muslim]
Asma binte Abbi Bakar رضي الله se riwayat hai keh Ap ﷺ ne aik aurat ko aag mein mu’aliq dekha, jabkeh billi us kay chehre aur us kay seene ko nooch rahi thi, aur wo usse saza de rahi thi, jis tarah us ne us ko duniya mein bandh kar aur bhooka rakh kar saza di thi, aur ye baqi haiwanon kay bare mein bhi aam hai. Aurr issi tarah agar us ne us ki taqat se barh kar us par wazan dala tou qayamat kay din us se badla lia jaega, sahihain mein sabit hai keh RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Aik aadmi gaey le kar jaraha tha, Jab woh us par sawar hua tou us ne use mara, woh kehne lagi: hamen is maqsad kay lie nahin paida kia gaya, hamen tou kheti Baari kay lie paida kia gaya hai”
Pas yeh gaey hai keh Allah ta’ala ne usko dunia mein quwwate goyai ataa farmai, keh woh apna difaa’ kare taakeh use takleef di jae na use kisi aise Kam mein iste’mal kia jae jis kay lie use paida nahin kia gaya
Pas jis ne use kisi aise Kam ka mukallaf thehraya jiski us mein taqat nahin ya use nahaq mara peeta tou Qayamat kay din us ki zarab aur ta’zeeb kay mutabiq usse badla lia jaega
Abu sulaiman as darani ne farmaya: main aik martaba gadhe par sawar hua tou main ne do ya teen martaba use mara, tou us ne apna sarbuoar uthaya aur meri taraf dekh kar kaha: Abu sulaiman! Qayamat kay din iska badla hoga, agar chaho tou Kam karlo aur agar chaho tou ziada karlo, woh bayan karte hain: main ne kaha: main aenda kisi cheez ko nahin marunga
Ibne Umar quraish kay bachon kay pas se guzre, unhon ne aik parinde ko bandh rakha tha aur us par teer andazi kar rahe the aur unhon ne us kay malik kay lie apne khata Jane wale teer kay lie kuch muqarrar kar rakha tha, jab unhon ne Ibne Umar ko dekha tou woh tittar bittar hogae, pas aap ne farmaya: yeh kis ne kia hai? Allah ta’ala us shakhs par la’anat farmae jis ne yeh kia hai, kyun keh RasullAllah ﷺ ne us shakhs par la’anat farmai hai jo kisi jandar cheez par nishana baazi kare aur RasullAllah ﷺ ne janwaron ko bandh kar rakhne se mana’ farmaya hai, ya’ani unhen qatal karne kay lie bandh lia jae khuwah woh un mein se hon jinko sharee’at ne qatal karne ka hukum dia hai jesa keh saanp, bichu, chuhia aur bawla kutta , unhen bhi pehli hi martaba qatal karne ka hukum dia aur takleef pohonchane se mana’ farmaya hai, aap ﷺ ka farman hai:
“Jab tum qatal karo tou ache tareeqe se qatal karo aur jab tum zibah karo tou ache tareeqe se zibah karo, use chahie keh woh apni churi Tez kare aur apne zabeeha ko Aram pohonchae” [Muslim; Tirmidhi]
Aur isi tarah use aag se na jalae, jesa keh sahih Hadith mein sabit hai keh RasullAllah ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Main ne tumhen hukum dia tha keh fulan fulan shakhs ko aag se Jala dena, lekin aag ka azab sirf Allah hi de sakta hai, islie agar tum unhen paao tou unhen qatal kardena” [Bukhari]
Ibne Mas’ood bayan karte hain ham RasullAllah ﷺ kay sath shareeke safar the keh aap apni hajat kay lie tashreef le gae, ham ne churia ki manind aik parinda dekha, us kay sath do bache bhi the, ham ne us kay bache pakar lie, woh parinda aya aur pharpharane Laga, itne mein Nabi ﷺ tashreef lae tou farmaya:
Isko is kay bache gum karne ki wajah se kis ne pareshan kia hai? Isko is kay bache wapas karo
Aur RasullAllah ﷺ ne chuntion ki bill Dekhi jise ham ne Jala dia tha, tou aap ne farmaya:
Ise kis ne jalaya hai? Ham ne arz kia: ham ne, tou aap ﷺ ne farmaya:
“Rabb kay siwa kisi kay laaiq nahin keh woh aag kay zarie takleef pohonchae”
Is mein aag kay zarie qatlo ta’zeeb ki mumani’at hai hatta keh Joon aur pissu waghera kay baare mein bhi yahi hukum hai
FASAL:
Haiwanon ko Abas karna makrooh hai, Nabi ﷺ se marwi hai keh aap ne farmaya:
“Jis ne kisi churia ko abse qatal kia tou woh Roz-e-Qayamat Allah kay huzur Dua karegi aur arz karegi : mere Rabb! Isse puch is ne mujhe abse qatal kyun kia aur is ne kisi manfi’at kay lie mujhe qatal nahin kia?”
Parinde ko us kay bachon kay ayyam mein shikar karna makrooh hai jesa keh is baare mein aik asar marwi hai, neez janwaron ko uski maan kay samne zibah karna bhi makrooh hai, Ibrahim bin Adham se marwi hai keh unhon ne farmaya: kisi aadmi ne aik bachre ko uski maan kay zibah kia tou Allah ne us kay hath ko shal kardia
FASAL
Mamlook ko Azad karne ki fazeelat kay baare mein, Abu Hurairah riwayat karte hain aap ne farmaya :
“Jis shakhs ne kisi momin shakhs ko Azad kia tou Allah us kay har uzw kay badle us (Azad karne wale) kay har uzw ko jahannum se Azad kar dega hatta keh uski sharamgah ko uski sharamgah kay badle Azad kardega” [Bukhari]
Abu Umama riwayat karte hain aap ne farmaya : “jis musalman shakhs ne kisi musalman shakhs ko Azad kia tou yeh us kay lie jahannum se rihai ka sabab hoga aur uska har uzw us kay har uzw ka badla aur jaza hogi, aur jis musalman shakhs ne do musalman aurten Azad kin tou woh donon us kay lie jahannum se rihai ka baa’is hongi, un dono kay har uzw us kay uzw ka badal aur jaza ban jaenge aur jis musalman aurat ne kisi musalman aurat ko Azad kia tou yeh us kay lie jahannum se rihai ka baa’is hogi aur uska har uzw uski jaza ban jaega [Tirmidhi]
Ae Allah! Hamen falah paane wali jama’t aur apne Saleh bandon mein shamil farma.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Kabeerah Gunah”
Taleef: Shaikh Ul Islam Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī Rahimahullah.
Urdu Tarjumah: Abu Anas Muhammad Sarwar Gohar.
Overburdening and Arrogance against others
This includes overbearing the weak, the male slave, the female slave, the wife and the beast. Allah, the Almighty ordered us to deal in kindness towards these varieties. He said,
{Serve Allah and join not any partners with Him, and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in need, neighbors who are of kin, neighbors who are strangers, the companion by your side, the way-fairer( ye meet) and what your right hands possess: for Allah loveth not the arrogant, the vainglorious}
(An-Nisa’: 36)
Concerning Allah’s saying,
{Serve Allah, and join not any partners with Him}
Al-Wahidi said “Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim Al-Mahragjani told us on the authority of Mu’adh Ibn Jabal (may Allah be please with him) who said, once I was riding behind the Prophet (pbuh) on a donkey. The Prophet said, O Mu’adh, I said, here I am! At your service O Messenger of Allah. He said,
“Do you know what are the rights of Allah towards His servants and what are the rights of the servants towards their Lord? I said, “Allah and His Messenger know best. He said, “The rights of Allah towards His servants is to worship Him and ascribe not any partners unto Him and the right of servants towards their Lord is to torment not the one who does not ascribe any partner unto Him.”¹
On the authority of Ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, “Once a bedouin came to the Prophet (pbuh) and said, O the Prophet of Allah, counsel me? The Prophet said, “Do not ascribe anything unto Allah, even if you are cut up into pieces or burnt and do not delay the prayer from its appointed times for it is the trust of Allah. And do not drink wine for it is the key of every evil.”²
Allah, the Almighty said, {and do good to parents} this means that the person should deal gently and be kind to his parents. He should not be harsh in his response to them. He should be before them as the slave before his master. {Kinsfolk} Allah means that the person should have good relations with them and be kind towards them. {Orphans} the person should be merciful towards them and rub their heads. Those in need, By spending some of his money and returning gratitude. Neighbors who are of kin, means those with whom you have a kinship. They have the right of kinship, the right of a neighborhood and the right of Islam. Neighbors who are “strangers” are those with whom you have no kinship.
On the authority of ‘ Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) “The Prophet (pbuh) said,
¹Reported by A1-Bukhari.
²Reported by Ibn Majah.
“Gabriel continued to counsel me concerning the neighbor until I thought that he would designate to him a share of inheritance.”¹
On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “On the Day of Judgment, the neighbor will hang himself to his neighbor saying, “0 Lord, you granted my brother many blessings and deprived me any. I spent my night suffering the hunger while he was very satisfied. Ask him why he was very stingy and prevented me any of the blessings You granted to him.”²
Concerning Allah’s saying, {The companion be our side} Ibn `Abbas and Mujahidsaid, he is the one who accompanies you in travel, he has the right of the neighbor and the right of companionship. (The wayfarer is the weak and you should guide him to what he wants. Ibn `Abbas said a person should receive the wayfarer with hospitality and should feed him until he goes away.” What your right hands possess, they are the slaves, whether male or female. The person should provide for him and should forgive him his mistakes. Concerning Allah’s saying, {for Allah loveth not the arrogant, the vainglorious}, Ibn ‘Abbas said,
“What is meant by arrogant is the one who exalted in himself (very proud) who does not observe Allah’s rights. By the vainglorious, Allah means the one who exalts himself over people by the blessings which Allah has granted him.
On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, “the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,”While a man, from those who preceded you, wearing a garment was walking arrogantly and in a vainglorious way, he was swallowed by the earth and he will be driven in it until the Day of Judgment.”
Usamah said I heard Ibn ‘Umar saying, “I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saying, “Whoever drags his clothes out of conceit, Allah will not look at him on the Day of Judgment.”³
In this death disease, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to advise people with prayer and with what their right hands possess saying, “Allah, Allah, be heedful of prayer and what your right hands possess.”⁴
In another narration, it is reported that,”Good treatment of what the person owns is a good omen and ill-treatment is a bad omen.”⁵
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,”The one who treat what he owns in an evil way will never enter Paradise.”⁶
Ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Once I was beating my slave with a whip and I heard a voice from behind me saying, “0 Abu Mas’ud, know that Allah is more able than you on this slave” Ibn Mas’ud said, ” I will never beat any slave
| ¹Reported by A1-Bukhari. ²Reported by A1-Asbahani in At-Targhib wa At-Tarhib. ³Reported by A1-Bukhari. ⁴Reported by Abu Dawud ⁵Reported by Abu Dawud ⁶Reported by Ibn Majah. |
again In another narration, (the whip fell down from my hand because of the fear of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in another, “I said, he is free for the sake of Allah, the man said, if you did not do it, the fire would scorch you.”¹
Imam Muslim also reported that from the hadith of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“Whoever beats his slave for something which he did not do, or slaps him, its expiation is to free him.”²
Hakim fun Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) said that, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Allah will torture those who torture people in this worldly life”³
In another narration, it is also reported,”Whoever unjustly beats anyone with a whip, it will be retaliated on him on the Day of Judgment.”⁴
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was asked,
“How many times should we forgive the servant? He replied, “Seventy times a day.”⁵
Once the Prophet (pbuh) was holding a Siwak (tooth-stick) in his hands and he called his servant, but he was late for some minutes. The Prophet said,
“If there was no retaliation, I would beat you with this Siwak.”⁶
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) had a black slave girl and he raised a whip on her but he said, “If there was no retaliation, I would beat you until you fell unconscious but I will sell you to the One Who will pay your price in full from me and he freed her for the sake of Allah.
Once, a woman came to the Prophet (pbuh) and said, “0 Messenger of Allah, I said to my slave girl, ‘0 adulteress! He said, ‘Is she truly as you say?’ She said,’No’ He said, ‘She would seek justice from you on the Day of Judgment.’ Thereupon, she returned to her slave girl and gave her a whip and said to her ‘beat me.’ The slave girl refused to do so. She freed her and returned to the Prophet (pbuh) and told him about that. He said, ‘May what you did be an expiation for your accusing her of such a thing.”⁷
In the two Sahihs, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Whoever charged his slave with an accusation while he is innocent from it, he will be flogged on the Day of Judgment as retaliation unless he was as he said.”⁸
In another narration,”The slave should be fed and clothed and should not be burdened with something beyond his
| ¹Reported by Muslim. ²Reported by Muslim. ³Reported by Muslim. ⁴It is previously mentioned ⁵Reported by At- Tirmidhi. ⁶Reported by Ibn Hajar. ⁷Reported by AI-Hakim in AI-Mustadrak. ⁸Reported by AI-Bukhari. |
capacity.” 1
In his death-disease, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to advise his Companions saying, “Be heedful of prayer and of those whom your right hands possess. Feed them from what you feed yourselves and clothe them from what you clothe yourselves. Do not burden them with something beyond their capacity. In case you burden them, you should help them to fulfill it. Do not torment the creatures of Allah, for Allah made you the owners.”²
Once, a group of people entered upon Salman AI-Parisi (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was the governor of AI-Mada’in and they found him soaking a paste for his family. They said to him, would you not leave the slave girl to do this? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “We sent her for some concerns (affairs) and we hated to burden her with another thing.” An early Muslim said, “Do not beat the slave for every fault, but count them for him. And in case he disobeyed Allah, beat him for this and remind him with his faults.
It is heinous maltreatment to the slave, both male and female to separate him from his children or his brothers. The Prophet (pbuh) is reported to have said,
“Whoever separates a slave and his/her children, Allah will separate him and his beloved ones on the Day of Judgment.”³
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah honor his face) said, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) granted me two slave brothers. I sold one of them and thereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Bring him back again and repeated it.”⁴
It is also a heinous maltreatment to both the slave, male and female and to beasts to leave them until they get angry. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) is reported to have said,
“It is a sufficient sin for a person to prevent those whom he owns his food.”⁵
It is mistreatment to a beast if it is: treated in a harsh manner, imprisoned, deprived of its food, or to burden it with that which is beyond its capacity. Concerning this Allah says,
{There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you}
(AI-An’am: 38)
It is reported that,”These communities will be brought on the Day of Judgment while the people will be brought on the Day of Judgment. While the people are standing, there will be judgment amongst the animals to such an extent that the bald-headed sheep will retaliate from the horny and the atom from another.. Then it will be said to them, ‘Be dust.’ At this moment the disbeliever will say, “Woe unto me! Would that I were (mere) dust! “⁶
| ¹Reported by Muslim. ²It is previously mentioned. ³Reported by At-Tirmidhi. ⁴Reported by At-Tirmidhi. ⁵Reported by Muslim. ⁶Reported by Muslim. |
This is evidence that there will be Judgment between the animals and the human being to such an extent that if a person unjustly beat an animal, or made it thirsty, prevented it food, or burdened it with that which is beyond its capacity, it will retaliate against him on the Day of Judgment in an equal way. To support this, we have the following evidence from the two Sahihs: Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“A woman was tortured for a cat she imprisoned until it died. She went to Hell because of it, having neither fed it nor watered it, for she confined it and would not let it go to forage on the small creatures of the earth.”¹
In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is reported that,”The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saw (in his dream) a woman hanged in the Hell and a cat scratching her face and breast and torturing her as she tortured it in worldly life by imprisoning it and preventing it the food.”²
This is applied to all kinds of animals. By the same token, the one who burdens the animals with that which beyond their capacity, they will retaliate against him on the Day of Judgment. In Sahih Al Bukhari, it is reported that, “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
“Once there was a man driving a cow, he mounted it and beat it. Consequently, it said, “We have not been created for this, but for ploughing.”³
This is a cow and Allah caused it to speak to defend itself against oppression or to be used for something contrary to that for which it was created. Therefore, whoever unjustly burdens an animal with something beyond its ability, it will retaliate from him on the Day of Judgment in an equal way.
Abu Sulaiman AI-Darani said, “Once I mounted a donkey and I beat it twice or thrice. Consequently it raised its head and said, “O Abu Sulaiman, there will be a retaliation on the Day of Judgment. So, belittle or do it more, as you like! Abu Sulaiman said, I will never beat anything again.
Once’ Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar passed by a group of boys from Quraish who used a bird as a target and shot at him. They made every false shoot for its owner. Upon seeing Ibn ‘Umar, they run away. Ibn ‘Umar said, who did that? May Allah curse the one who did that?
“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) cursed the one who takes anything possessing life as a target.”⁴
In another narration,”The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) forbade that animals be imprisoned for killing.”⁵
Even with what the Shari’ah allowed us to kill from animals, such as scorpions, snakes, mice and vicious dogs, “We are ordered to take their lives at once and should not torture them. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “If killing is to be done, do it in the best manner, and when you slaughter, do it in the best manner by first
| ¹Reported by AI-Bukhari. ²Reported by AI-Bukhari ³Reported by AI-Bukhari. ⁴Reported by Al-Bukhari. ⁵Reported by Al-Bukhari. |
sharpening the knife and putting the animal at ease.”¹
Likewise, the animals should not be burned by fire. In an authenticated hadith, the Messenger of Allah,(pbuh) is reported to have said,
“Previously I ordered you to burn so and so with fire. Since there is no one who could torture with fire except Allah, if you found them, kill them (and do not burn them).”²
Ibn Mas’ud said,”Once we went out with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on a journey. He was engaged in fulfilling some of his needs. We saw a sparrow with its two children. We took its children and thereupon, it started to shout.
The Prophet (pbuh) came and said, “Who made this sparrow grieve for its children? Return it’s (children back to it). Likewise, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) asked us about a co long of ant’s which we burnt. And he said, “Who burned this colong?’ We replied, “It was us.” The Prophet (pbuh) said, “No one should torture anything with fire except its Lord.”³
This is evidence that it is not allowed to kill or torture with fire even a lice, fleas or otherwise. It is also forbidden to kill any animal merely for sport. The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“If someone kills a sparrow for sport, the sparrow will cry out on the Day of Judgment, a Lord!. Ask this person why he killed me in vain and did not kill me for any useful purpose.”⁴
It is also detested to hunt birds during the period when they hatch their eggs or slaughtering an animal before its mother. Ibrahim Ibn Adham (may Allah bestow mercy upon him) reported,
“Once a man slaughtered a calf before its mother. Thereupon Allah caused his hand to become paralyzed.”
It is also highly recommended to free a slave, whether male or female. Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“Whoever frees a believing slave girl, Allah will, with every organ of hers, free his organs from the HellFire, even her private parts will be an expiation for his.”⁵
Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported the Prophet (pbuh) saying, “Any Muslim frees a believing, male slave, he will be a salvation for him from the Hell-Fire. Every organ of his will be expiation for his organs. Any Muslim who frees two believing slave girls, they will be a salvation for him from the Hell-Fire. Every organ of theirs will be expiation for his organs. And any Muslim woman who frees a believing slave girl, she will be a salvation for her from the Hell-Fire. Every organ of hers will be an expiation for her organs.”6
| ¹Reported by Muslim. ²Reported by AI-Bukhari. ³Reported by Abu Dawud. ⁴Reported by An-Nasa’i. ⁵Reported by Al-Bukhari. 6 Reported by Abu Dawud. |
REFERENCE:
BOOK: “MAJOR SINS” OF IMAM SHAMSU ED-DEEN DHAHABI.
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