02. Asal masla
Asal Masla
Wiraasat kay kisi bhi masla ko hal karnay kay liye asal masla ko janna bohat zaroori hai. Is kay baghair koi masla hal nahi ho sakta .
Tareef: Yeh aisa chota Adad hai jis say ibtidai taqseem Ashaab-ul-Furooz apna apna naseeb baghair kasar kay letay hain.
✦ Asal masla ko muloom karnay ka tareeqa
Meeraas kay masaail mein har masla kay wurasa ki noiyat chunkeh mukhtalif hoti hai. Kabhi sirf Asabah aur kabhi sirf Ashaab-ul-Furooz aur kabhi Ashaab-ul-Furooz aur Asabah donon mukhtlat hotay hain. Is waja say asal masla muloom karnay kay tareeqay bhi mukhtalif hain.
1: Agar masla kay sab wurasa Asabah hon ya Ashaab-ul-Furooz aik hi qisam say hon to un ki tadaad asal masla hogi.
• Misaal 1: Aik shakhs faut ho gaya us nay chaar Betay ya paanch Bhai zindah chodahy to asal masla (4) ho ga ya (5) un ki tadaad kay mutaabiq
• Misaal 2: Aik shakhs faut ho gaya us nay teen Betiyan ya chaar Behnein zindah chodhein to asal masla (3) hoga ya (4) tadaad kay mutabiq
2: Agar masla kay sab wurasa Asabah muzakkar aur mo’annas yani Al-Asabah bil ghair aik hi qisam say hon. Jaisay Beta aur Beti ya Bhai aur Behan to qurani qaida “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” kay tahat muzakkar ko do aur moannas ko aik shumaar karein gay aur un ki tadaad ka majmoa asal masla hogi.
• Misaal: Aik aadmi faut howa us nay do Betay aur teen Betiyan zindah chodhen to is ka asal masla saat (7) hoga. Har Bhai ko do aur har Behan ko aik shumaar karein gay.
3: Agar kisi masla mein sirf aik hi Sahib-e-Farz aur dosray waaris Asabah hon to asal masla Sahib-e-Farz kay naseeb ki kasar ho ga (kasar us Adad ko kehtay hain jo khat kay neechay (bata) likha hota hai maslan (1/4) mein kasar (4) hai)
• Misaal: Aik aadmi faut hogaya aur us nay Biwi aur Beta zindah chodha is misaal mein Biwi ko jaedaad ka (1/8) milta hai aur Beta Bator -e-Asabah wsaris hai. Biwi kay naseeb (1/8) ki kasar (8) hai is liye asal masla (8) ho ga.
4: Agar kisi masla mein aik say ziada Ashaab-ul-Furooz hon to is masla ka asal maloom karnay kay liye darj zail amal karna hoga.
Meeras kay ulama nay chay muqaddrah furooz ko do guroupon mein taqseem kar diya hai. Phlay guroup mein (1/2 ), (1/4 ) aur (1/8) hain. Jabkeh dosray guroup mein (2/3), (1/3) aur (1/6) hain.
ا: Agar Mayyat kay sab waarison ka ta’lluq sirf pehlay guroup say hain ya sirf dosray guroup say hai to asal masla un waarison kay naseeb ki badhi kasar hoga.
• Misaal 1: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya us nay Biwi, Beti aur Bhai ko zindah chodha. Is misaal mein Biwi ka naseeb (1/8) hai aur Beti ka (1/2) aur baqi Bhai Bator-e-Asabah lay ga. Biwi kay naseeb ki kasar 8,2 say badhi hai. Is liye asal masla 8 hoga.
• Misaal 2: Aik aurat faut ho gai us nay do Betiyan, Maan aur Chacha ko zinda chodha . Is misaal mein do Betiyon ka naseeb (2/3) hai aur Maan ka naseeb (1/6) hai aur baqi Chacha Bator-e-Asabah lay ga. Maan kay naseeb ki kasar (6) sab say badhi hai is liye asal masla (6) hoga.
ب: Agar kisi masla mein waarison kay furooz ka ta’lluq pehlay aur dosray donon guroupon say hai. Yani kuch waarison kay furooz ka ta’lluq pehlay guroup say hai aur kuch ka ta’lluq dosray guroup say hai to is soorat mein asal masla muloom karnay ka tareeqa darj zail hai.
(1) agar masla mein koi waaris pehlay guroup mein say nisf (1/2) ka haqdaar ho aur baqiya wurasa dosray guroup mein say kisi bhi naseeb kay haqdaar hon to is ka asal masla hamesha (6) hoga.
• Misaal: Aik aurat faut hogai. Us nay Khaawand, Maan aur Akhiyafi Bhai ko zinda chodha.
Hal: is misaal mein Khaawand ko (1/2) milay ga. Maan ko (1/3) Akhiyaafi Bhai ko (1/6) milay ga. Is ka asal masla 6 hoga, Kiunkeh (1/2) ka ta’lluq pehlay guroup say hai aur (1/3), (1/6) ka ta’lluq dosray say hai.
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6 |
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1/2 |
Khaawand |
3 |
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1/3 |
Maan |
2 |
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1/6 |
Akhiyaafi Bhai |
1 |
(2) Masla mein agar koi waaris pehlay guroup mein say rubu’o (1/4) ka haqdaar ho aur baqiya dosray guroup mein say kisi bhi naseeb kay haqdaar hon. To asal masla hamesha (12) hoga.
• Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya us nay apni Biwi, Maan aur Bhai ko zindah chodha.
Hal: Is misaal mein Biwi ko (1/4) milay ga. Maan ko (1/3) aur Bhai Bator-e-Asabah baqi lay ga. Is ka asal masla (12) hai kiunkeh (1/4) ka ta’lluq pehlay guroup say hai aur (1/3) ka ta’lluq dosray guroup say hai. Is soorat mein agar koi (1/2) ka haqdaar ho to asal masla phir bhi (12) hai.
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12 |
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1/4 |
Biwi |
3 |
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1/3 |
Maan |
4 |
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ع |
Bhai |
5 |
(3) Agar koi waaris pehlay guroup mein say Suman (1/8) ka haqdaar hai aur baqiya wurasa dosray guroup mein say kisi bhi naseeb kay haqdaar ho to asal masla hamesha (24) hoga.
• Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya us nay apni Biwi, Do Betiyan, Maan aur Bhai ko zindah chodha.
Hal: Is misaal mein Biwi ko (1/ 8) milay ga. Do Betiyon ko (2/3), Maan ko (1/ 6) milay ga aur Bhai Bator-e-Asabah baqi lay ga. Is ka asal masla (24) hai kiunkeh (1/8) ka ta’lluq pehlay guroup say hai aur (2/3) (1/6) ka ta’lluq dosray guroup say hai is soorat mein agar koi waris (1/2) ka haqdaar ho to asal phir bhi (24) hi hoga.
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24 |
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1/8 |
Biwi |
3 |
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2/3 |
(2)Betiyaan |
16 |
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1/6 |
Maan |
4 |
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ع |
Bhai Ain |
1 |
Yeh tamaam Usool-o-Zawaabit apni jagah lekin asal masla muloom karnay ka aik saadah tareeqa yeh bhi hai keh kisi bhi masla mein Ashaab-ul-Furooz jaisay bhi hon un kay hisson ki kasaron ka Zo-Aza’af-e-Aqal Haasil karein woh is masla ka asal hoga.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.