06. Hajub ki behas.
Hajub ki behas
باب الحجب
Hajub kay lughwi Maana: Hajub roknay aur mana karnay kay ma’ana mein aata hai, Quran kareem mein hai كلا إنهمْ عنْ ربهمْ یومئذٍ لمحْجوبون Hijaab (parda) aur Haajib (darbaan) is kay Maakhoz hain.
Istilahi ma’ana: Meeras mein hajab say muraad kisi waaris ko dosray waaris ki mujoodgi ki wajah say kulliyyatan mahroom karna hai ya kisi waaris kay baray hissay mein kami karna hai maslan Betay ki mujoodgi mein Bhai kulliyyatan mahroom ho jata hai is tarhan aulaad ki mujoodgi mein Maan aik tihai (1/3) ki bajaaye chata hissa (1/6) leti hai.
Hajab ki aqsaam: Hajab ki do qismein hain:
1: Hajub-e-Hirmaan
2: Hajub-e-Nuqsaan
Hajub-e-Hirmaan ki tareef: Kisi waaris ko dosray waaris ki mujoodgi ki wajah say jaedaad say kulliyyatan mahroom karnay ko Hajab-e-Hirmaan kehtay hain. Maslan Betay ki mujoodgi mein Pota wiraasat say mahroom ho jata hai.
Hajub-e-Hirmaan ka itlaaq Baap, Maan, Khaawand, Biwi, Beta, Beti. Yani in chay afraad kay ilaawa baqi sab waarison par hota hai.
Hajub-e-Hirmaan ki bunyaad do qaidon par hai
1: Jis waaris ka t’alluq Mayyat kay sath kisi waastay say ho to us waastay ki mujoodgi mein woh shakhs wiraasat say mahroom hoga. Maslan Potay ka Mayyat say t’alluq us kay Betay kay waastay say hai is liye Pota Betay ki mujoodgi mein waaris nahi hota. Isi tarhan Mayyat kay sath Naani ka t’alluq Maan kay waastay say hai lehaza Maan ki mujoodgi mein Naani mahroom hoti hai.
2: Jo waaris rishta mein Mayyat say zayada qareeb hoga woh waaris hoga jo ba’eed ho ga woh waaris nahi hoga “الاقرب فالأقرب” jaisa (العصبة بالنفس) ki tarbiyat mein zikar ho chuka hai. Yani Bhai ki nisbat Beta Mayyat say zayaada qareeb hai is liye Beta waaris ho ga us ki mujoodgi mein Bhai waaris nahi hoga.
Hajub-e-Nuqsaan ki tareef
Kisi waaris ko dosray waaris ki mujoodgi ki wajah say usay us kay badhy hissa say mahroom kar kay chota hissa ka haqdaar bananay ko Hajab-e-Nuqsaan kehtay hain. Maslan Khaawand ko Mayyat ki aulaad ki mujoodgi mein nisf hissa (1/2) ki bajaaye choutha hissa (1/4) milta hai.
Hajub-e-Nuqsaan say mutaassira afraad Hajab-e-Nuqsaan say Khaawand, Biwi, Maan, Poti aur ‘Allati Behan yani sirf paanch afraad mutaassir hotay hain.
1: Khaawand Mayyat ki aulaad ki mujoodgi mein (1/2) hissa say mahroom ho kar (1/4) ka waaris banta hai.
2: Biwi Mayyat ki aulaad ki mujoodgi mein (1/4) hissa say mahroom ho kar (1/8) ki waaris hoti hai.
3: Maan aulaad ki mujoodgi mein ya Mayyat kay do Bhaiyon ya do behnon ki mujoodgi mein (1/3) say mahroom ho kar (1/6) ki waaris banti hai.
4: Poti Mayyat ki aik Beti ki mujoodgi mein apnay badhy hissa (1/2) say mahroom ho kar (1/6) ki waaris banti hai.
5: ‘Allati Behan aik ‘Aini Behan ki mujoodgi mein apnay badhy hissay (1/2) say mahroom ho kar (1/6) ki waaris banti hai.
6: Beti, Betay ki mujoodgi mein apnay badhy hissay (1/2) say mahroom hor kar, Asabah bil ghair ban kar kam leti hai.
Note: Jo shakhs meeraas kay Maane ki wajah say wiraasat ka ahal nahi hota maslan kafir ya Mayyat ka qaatil yeh kisi dosray waaris kay liye Mujib-e-Hirmaan ya Mujib-e-Nuqsaan ka sabab nahi hoga. Khuda na khwaasta agar Beta kafir hai to us ki mujoodgi mein Khaawand apna bada hissa (1/2) lay ga. Isi tarhan us ki mujoodgi mein Pota ya Bhai wiraasat say mahroom nahi hungay. Agar koi waaris kisi dosray waaris ki mujoodgi ki wajah say Mahjoob hai to woh dosray waarison kay liye Hajab-e-Nuqsaan ka sabab ban sakta hai maslan Mayyat kay do ya do say zayaada Bhai Mayyat kay Baap ki mujoodgi mein waaris nahi bantay lekin un ki mujoodgi Maan ka hissa kam kar deti hai yani woh (1/3) ki bajaaye (1/6) ki haqdaar hogi.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.