08. Masaail ki tasheeh

Masaail ki tasheeh

باب التصحیح

Wiraasat kay ba’az masaail mein kabhi kabhi aisa hota hai keh wasarison ko jo hissa asal masla main aata hai woh un kay Adad-e-Ruoos par poora poora taqseem nahi hota balkeh un kay hisson mein kasar waaqe ho jati hai. is kasar ko rafa karnay kay liye ham asal masla ko kisi munaasib Adad say zarb day kar dosra naya asal masla daryaaft kartay hain jis say har waaris apna apna hissa baghair kasar wusool karta hai. Is amliyah ko tasaheeh kehtay hain.

Misaal: Aik aadmi apni do Biwion aur do ‘Aini Bhaiyon ko zinda chod kar faut ho gaya.

Hal: Asal masla (4) hai do Biwion ko (1/4) (1) mila, Do bhaayion ko baqi (3) milay. Biwion aur Bhaiyon ka hissa un kay ruoos par poora poora taqseem nahi ho raha. Is liye hamein masla kay asal (4) ki tasheeh ki zaroorat hai.

✦ Asal ki tasheeh karnay ka tareeqa

Qaaida 1: Agar kisi masla mein waarison kay sirf aik fareeq ka hissa un kay ruoos par poora poora taqseem nah hota ho, To un kay ruoos aur un kay hissay kay darmiyaan chaar nisbton mein say aik nisbat zaroor paai jaye gi.

(Alif) Agar ruoos aur un kay hissa kay darmiyaan tabaayun ki nisbat ho to ruoos ki tadaad ko asal masla say zarb dein gay Haasil-e-Zarb is masla ki tasheeh ho gi. Phir ruoos ki ta’daad ko har waaris kay hissa mein zarb day kar jawab har fareeq kay saamnay tasheeh kay neechay tahreer karein gay.

Misaal: Biwi faut ho gai. Apna Khaawand, Teen Betiyan aur ‘Aini Bhai ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (12) hai. Khaawand ko (1/4) (3) milay. Teen Betiyon ko (2/3) (8) milay baqi (1) Bhai ko Bator-e-Asabah mila. Teen Betiyon ka hissa (8) un kay ruoos par poora poora taqseem nahi ho raha. (3) aur (8) kay darmiyaan tabaayun ki nisbat hai lehaza (3) ko asal masla (12) say zarb di (3×12=36) Haasil-e-Zarb (36) is masla ki tasheeh hai. Aur phir (3) ko Khaawand, Betiyon aur Bhai kay hisson say zarb diya. Is kay nateeja mein Khaawand ko (9), Teen Betiyon ko (24) har aik ko (8) aur ‘Aini Bhai ko (3) milay.

(Bay) Agar kisi aik fareeq kay ruoos aur us kay hissa kay darmiyaan tawaafuq ki nisbat ho to ruoos ki ta’daad ko un kay tawaafuq say taqseem kartay hain. Is kay jawab ko asal masla mein zarb detay hain aur Haasil-e-Zarb is masla ki tasheeh hogi. Phir is tawaafuq say har waaris kay hissa say zarb detay hain.

Misaal: Aik aurat faut ho gai aur apna Khaawand, 6 baitiyan aur Chacha ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (12) hai. Khawand ko (1/4) (3) milay, 6 Betiyon ko (2/3), (8) milay Chacha ko baqi (1) mila. Betiyon kay ruoos (6) aur un kay hissa (8) kay darmiyaan tawaafuq bil nisf hai. Lehaza (6) ko (2) say taqseem kiya. (6÷2= 3) Haasil-e-Taqseem (3) ko asal masla (12) say zarb diya (12×3 = 36) Haasil-Zarb (36) masla ki tasheeh hai. Phir har waaris kay hisson ko (3) say zarb diya. Chunancha Khaawand ko (9) milay. 6 Betiyon ko (24) har aik ko (4) milay aur Chacha ko (3) milay.

(Jeem) Agar kisi aik fareeq kay ruoos aur un kay hissa kay darmiyaan tadaakhul ki nisbat ho to usay hal karnay kay liye tawaafuq ki nisbat wala amal hi kiya jaaye ga.

Misaal Aik shakhs faut ho gaya. Maan, 8 Betiyan aur Bhai ko zind choda.

Hal: Asal masla (6) hai Maan ko (1/6) (1) mila 8 Betiyon ko (2/3) (4) milay Bhai Asabah hai usay baqi (1) mila. 8 Betiyon aur un kay hissa (4) kay darmiyaan tawaafuq bil rubo’u hai lehaza Betiyon kay ruoos (8) ko (4) say taqseem kiya. (8÷4= 2) Haasil-e-Taqseem (2) ko asal masla (6) say zarb diya. (2×6=12) Haasil-e-Zarb (12) masla ki tasheeh hai. Neez har waaris kay hissa ko bhi (2) say zarb diya. Chunancha Maan ko (2), 8 Betiyon ko (8) har aik ko (1) aur Bhai ko (2) milay.

Qaida 2: Agar kisi masla mein aik say zayaada fareeqon kay hissay un kay ruoos par pooray pooray taqseem nah hotay hon to un kay asal masla ki tasheeh kay liye do tareeqay hain. Pehla tareeqa meeras ki kitaabon mein mujood hai aur chaar nisbton kay zariye asal masla ki tasheeh ki jati hai. Jo darj zail hai.

(Alif) Jab kisi masla mein do ya do say zayaada fareeqon kay ruoos par un kay hissay pooray pooray taqseem nah hotay hon aur sab fareeqon kay ruoos kay darmiyaan tamaasul ki nisbat ho to kisi aik fareeq kay Adad-e-Ruoos ko asal masla say zarb den gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb asal masla ki tasheeh ho gai. Phir isi adad say har fareeq kay hisson say bhi zarb den gaye.

Misaal: Aik shakhs faut ho gaya. Apni 3 Biwiyaan, 3 Betiyaan aur 3 Chacha zindah chody.

Hal: Asal masla (24) hai. Teen Biwion ko (1/8) (3) milay. Teen Betiyon ko (2/3) (16) milay aur Chachay Asabah hein inhein baqi (5). Betiyon aur chchaon kay hissay unkay ruoos par pooray pooray taqseem nahi hotay. Biwi, Betiyon aur chchaon kay ruoos kay darmiyan tamaasul ki nisbat hai. lehaza (3) say asal masla (24) mein zarb dein gaye. (3×24=72) Haasil-e-Zarb (72) masla ki tasheeh hai. Phir har fareeq kay hissa ko bhi (3) say zarb dein gay. Is tarhan 3 Biwion ko (9) milay har aik ko (3), 3 Betiyon ko (48) milay har Beti ko (16) aur 3 chchaon ko (15) milay. Har aik ko (5).

(Bay) Agar sab fareeqon kay ruoos kay darmiyaan tadaakhul ki nisbat ho to sab say bady Adad ko asal masla say zarb den gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb masla ki tasheeh ho gai neez isi Adad say har fareeq kay hissa say bhi zarb dein gay.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut hogaya aur apni (4) Biwion, 3 Akhiyaafi behnon aur (12) ‘Aini Bhaiyon ko zindah choda.

Hal:Asal masla (12) hai. 4 Biwion ko (3) milay, 3 Akhiyaafi behnon ko (4) milay aur (12) Bhaiyon ko baqi (5) milay. Is misaal mein har fareeq kay ruoos par un kay hisson ki taqseem mein kasar waaqe hui hai. Lekin un kay ruoos 3, 4 aur 12 kay darmiyaan tadaakhul ki nisbat hai. Is liye un mein say bady Adad (12) say asal masla (12) ko zarb dein gay (12×12=144) Haasil-e-Zarb (144) masla ki tasheeh hai is tarhan (4) Biwion ko (36) milay har Biwi ko (9) 3 Akhiyaafi  behnon ko (48) milay har Behan ko (16) aur (12) Bhaiyon kay (60) milay har Bhai ko (5).

(Jeem) Agar sab fareeqon kay Adad-e-Ruoos kay darmiyaan tawaafuq ki nisbat ho to aik fareeq kay Adad kay tawaafuq ko dosray fareeq kay kul Adad kay sath zarb dein gay. Phir agar Haasil-e-Zarb aur teesray fareeq kay Adad-e-Ruoos kay darmiyaan tawaafuq ki nisbat ho to Haasil-e-Zarb ko teesray fareeq kay Adad-e-Ruoos kay tawaafuq say zarb dein gay aur agar Tabaayun ki nisbat ho to teesray fareeq kay kul Adad-e-Ruoos kay sath zarb dein gay. Phir isi tarhan chouthay aur paanchwein fareeq kay ruoos kay sath amal dohraaen gay. Phir un sab ki Haasil-e-Zarb ko asal masla say zarb dein gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb masla ki tasheeh hogi. Phir sab ki Haasil-e-Zarb ko dobarah har fareeq kay hissay kay sath bhi zarb dein gay.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya. Apni 4 Biwiyon, 6 Betiyon aur 10 ‘Aini behnon ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (24) hai. 4 Biwion ko (3) milay. 6 Betiyon ko (16) milay aur 10 ‘Aini behnon ko (5) milay is masla mein har fareeq kay ruoos par un ki hisson ki taqseem mein kasar waaqe hui hai aur sab fareeqon kay Adad-e-Ruoos 4, 6, 10 kay darmiyaan tawaafuq ki nisbat paai jati hai. Lehaza (10) aur (6) kay darmiyaan tawaafuq bil nisf hai. (10) ka tawaafuq (5) hai. Usay (6) say zarb di (5×6=30) Haasil-e-Zarb (30) hai, Ab (30) aur (4) kay darmiyaan bhi tawaafuq bil nisf hai. (30) ka tawaafuq (15) hai usay (4) say zarb diya (15×4=60) Haasil-e-Zarb (60) hai. Ab (60) ko asal masla (24) say zarb diya. (24×60=1440). Haasil-e-Zarb (1440) hai jo masla ki tasheeh hai. Ab dobarah (60) ko har fareeq kay hissa say zarb diya. Is tarhan 4 Biwion ko (180) milay har Biwi ko (45) milay. 6 Betiyon ko (960) milay har Beti ko (160) milay aur (10) ‘Aini behnon ko (300) milay har Behan ko (30) milay.

(Daal) Agar sab fareeqon kay Adad-e-Ruoos kay darmiyaan Tabaayun ki nisbat paai jaati ho to pehlay fareeq kay Adad ruoos ko dosray fareeq kay Adad-e-Ruoos say zarb dein gay. Phir is ki Haasil-e-Zarb ko teesray fareeq kay Adad-e-Ruoos say zarb dein gay. Aur isi tarhan is Haasil-e-Zarb ko chouthay phir paanchwein fareeq kay Adad-e-Ruoos kay sath amal dohraen gay. Aur aakhri Haasil-e-Zarb ko asal masla kay sath zarb dein gay. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb is ki masla ki tasheeh hogi.

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni 2 Biwiyon, 5 Betiyon aur 3 Bhaiyon ko zindah choda.

Hal: Asal masla (24) hai. 2 Biwiyon ko (1/8) (3) milay. (5) Betiyon ko (2/3) (16) milay. Aur baaqi 3 bhaayion ko milay. Is masla mein sab fareeqon kay Adad-e-Ruoos (2, 5, 3) kay darmiyaan tabaayun ki nisbat hai. Pehlay (2) ko (5) say zarb dein gay. (2×5=10) Haasil-e-Zarb (10) ko (3) say zarb dein gay (3×10=30) Haasil-e-Zarb (30) ko asal masla (24) say zarb dein gay. (30×24=720) Haasil-e-Zarb (720) is masla ki tasheeh hai phir har fareeq kay hissay ko (30) say zarb dein gay. Is tarhan (2) Biwiyon ko (90) har Biwi ko (45) milay. (5) Betiyon ko (480) har Beti ko (96) milay aur (3) Bhaiyon ko (150) milay har Bhai ko (50) milay.

Dosra tareeqa: Yeh tareeqa riyaazi jannay walon kay liye bohat aasaan hai. Agar kisi masla mein aik say zayada fareeqon kay hissay un kay Adad-e-Ruoos par pooray pooray taqseem nah hotay hon. Aur sab fareeqon kay Adad-e-Ruoos kay darmiyaan chaar nisbton mein say koi bhi nisbat paai jaye. To is masla ki tasheeh karnay kay liye sab fareeqon kay Adad-e-Ruoos ka zo-az’aaf aqal muloom karein gay phir is say asal masla mein zarb dein gay aur Haasil-e-Zarb is masla ki tasheeh ho gai. Phir zo-az’aaf aqal say har fareeq kay hissa say zarb den .

Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni 4 Biwiyan, 18 Betiyan aur 8 Chacha zindah chhody.

Hal: Asal masla (24) hai. (4) Biwion ko (1/8) (3) milay aur (18) Betiyon ko (2/3) milay aur (8) Chachon ko baqi (5) milay. Har fareeq kay hissay un kay darmiyaan pooray pooray taqseem nahi hotay. Is liye ( 4, 8,18 ) ka zo-az’aaf aqal muloom karein gay

✦ Zo-az’aaf aqal muloom karnay ka tareeqa

2 . 4 .18 .8 .

2 . 2 . 9 . 4

3 . 1 . 9 . 2

3 . 1 . 3 . 2

2 . 1 . 1 . 2

1 . 1 . 1

In ka zo-az’aaf aqal (72) hai.

Isay asal masla (24) say zarb den gay (24×72=1728) Haasil-e-Zarb (1728) is masla ki tasheeh hai phir (72) ko har fareeq kay hissa say zarb diya. Nateeja kay tor par (4) Biwion ko (216) milay har Biwi ko (64) milay. (18) Betiyon ko (1152) milay har Beti ko (64) milay. aur (8) chachon ko (360) milay. Har Chacha ko (45) milay.

REFERENCE:

Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”

By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.