14. Munaaskhah ka bayan.
Munaaskhah ka bayaan
المناسخات
❁ Lughwi aur istilahi ma’na
Lughwi: Munaaskha baab mufa’ala ka masdar hai jo nasakh say mushtaq hai. Is kay lughwi ma’na izaala tagayyur aur naqal kay hain. Isi say hai “نسحْت الْكتاب : أیْ نقلْته إلى نسْخةٍ أخرى” “mein nay is say dosra nuskha naqal kiya”
Istilahi ma’ana: Mayyat kay tarka ki taqseem say qabal pehli Mayyat kay waarison mein say koi aik ya zayaada waaris faut ho jayen. To doosri Mayyat kay hissa ko us kay waarison mein taqseem karnay ko munaaskha kehtay hain.
Note: Munaaskha kay masaail ko hal kartay waqt yeh jaanna zaroori hai keh pehli Mayyat muzakkar hai ya mo’annas warna hal karnay mein ghalti ka imkaan hai. Maslan Aik shakhs nay apnay Maan, Baap aur do Betiyon ko zindah choda. Phir aik Beti mazkoorah waarison ko chode kar faut ho gai agar pehli Mayyat muzakkar hai to dosray masla kay waaris ‘Aini Behan, Daada aur Daadi hungay. Aur agar pehli Mayyat mo’annas hai to us kay waaris, ‘Aini Behan, Naana aur Naani hungay. Naana Zaw-ul-Arhaam mein say hai. Aur woh Ashaab-ul-Furooz ki mujoodgi mein waaris nahi hota.
Munaaskha masaail ki halatein
احوال المناسخہ
Munaaskha kay masaail ki teen halatein hain jo darj zail hain:
✯ Pehli haalat: Doosri Mayyat kay wurasa pehli Mayyat walay waaris hi hon aur donon masloo mein un kay Sihaam bhi tabdeel nah hon. Is sorat mein pehli aur doosri Mayyat ka tarka zindah waarison kay darmiyaan taqseem kiya jaaye ga.
Misaal 1: Aik shakhs chaar Betay aur aik Beti chode kar faut ho gaya. Phir tarka ki taqseem say qabal bada Beta aur Beti faut ho gaye. Ab tarka baqi teen beton kay darmiyaan taqseem ho ga. Aur faut shuda Betay aur Beti ko shumaar nahi kiya jaaye ga.
Misaal 2: Aik aadmi apni Biwi, Beta aur Beti ko chode kar faut ho gaya. Phir tarka ki taqseem say qabal Biwi mazkoorah donon bachon ko chode kar faut ho gai. Ab saari jaedaad Betay aur Beti kay darmiyaan “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” kay tahat taqseem ho gai.
✯ Doosri haalat: Doosri Mayyat kay waaris hi pehli Mayyat walay waaris hon. Lekin un kay Sihaam dosray masla mein tabdeel ho gaye hon. Maslan aik aadmi faut ho gaya. Us nay apni pehli Biwi kay batan say aik Beta aur doosri Biwi kay batan say teen Betiyan zindah choden. Phir tarka ki taqseem say qabal aik Beti faut ho gai. Pehlay masla mein sab Bator-e-Asabah waaris hain, Lekin dosray masla mein donon Betiyaan Mayyat ki ‘Aini Behnein ban kar waaris hongi jin ka Saham (2/3) hoga aur Beta Mayyat ka ‘Allati Bhai ban kar Bator-e-Asabah waaris hoga. Yani pehlay masla mein sab waaris Asabah thay lekin dosray masla mein baaz Sahib-e-Farz ban kar waaris banay aur deegar Bator-e-Asabah waaris huye.
✯ Teesri haalat: Doosri Mayyat kay wurasa baaz auqaat pehli Mayyat walay waaris hi hotay hain lekin un kay hamrah mazeed deegar waaris bhi shaamil ho jatay hain. Jo pehli Mayyat kay waaris nahi thay. Maslan Aik shakhs faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi, Beti aur ‘Aini Bhai ko zindah choda, Phir tarka ki taqseem say pehlay Beti faut hogai, Us nay Khawand, Beta aur mazkoorah waris zindah choday, Is misaal mein doosri Mayyat (Beti) kay wurasa masla mein shaamil ho gaye, Jo pehli Mayyat kay waaris nahi thay.
❁ Munaaskha ki doosri aur teesri haalat ko hal karnay ka tareeqa
In haalton ko hal karnay kay liye mundarja zail amal karna hoga:
1: Sab say pehlay pehli Mayyat kay masla ko hal kar kay us ka asal masla muloom karein. Aur asal masla say har waaris ko Bashmol doosri Mayyat un ka hissa den. Agar tasheeh ki zaroorat ho to asal masla ki tasheeh karein, Taakeh har waaris ko us ka hissa kasar kay baghair mil jaye.
2: Ab doosri Mayyat kay masla ko hal karein aur har waaris ko kasar kay baghair us ka hissa den.
3: Doosri Mayyat ko jo hissa pehli Mayyat kay asal masla say mila hai usay aur doosri Mayyat kay asal masla ko ghor say dekhein. Un donon adadon kay darmiyaan, Tamaasul, Tabaayun, Tawaafuq ya Tadaakhul mein say kon ki nisbat paai jati hai.
❁ Tamaasul ki misaal: Agar donon kay darmiyaan Tamaasul ki nisbat ho to pehli Mayyat ka asal masla hi munaaskha ki jami’a hoga. Yani pehli aur doosri Mayyat kay sab waaris is jami’a say apna apna hissa layn gay.
Misaal: Aik aurat apna Khaawand, Maan aur Chacha ko zindah chode kar faut hogai. Phir tarka ki taqseem say pehlay Khaawand faut ho gaya aur apnay teen Betay jo doosri Biwi kay batan say thay zindah choday.
Hal: Pehli Mayyat ka asal (6) hai Khaawand ko (1/2) (3) milay Maan ko (1/3), (2) milay, Baqi (1) Chacha ko mila. Doosri Mayyat (Khaawand) kay masla ka asal (3) hai har Betay ko (1) mila. Ab Khaawand ko pehli Mayyat say jo (3) milay hain aur is kay masla ka asal bhi (3) hai. Donon adadon kay darmiyaan Tamaasul ki nisbat hai chunancha masla ki jami’a (6) hogai. Ab pehli Mayyat aur doosri Mayyat kay sab waris (6) say apna apna hissa lein gay. Chunancha Maan ko (2) Chacha ko (1) aur teen beton ko (3) har aik ko (1) mila
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|
|
6 |
|
3 |
6 |
|
1/2 |
Khawand |
3 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
|
1/3 |
Maan |
2 |
= |
= |
2 |
|
ع |
Chacha |
1 |
= |
= |
1 |
|
|
|
ع |
Baita |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
ع |
Baita |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
ع |
Baita |
1 |
1 |
❁ Tabaayun ki misaal: Agar doosri Mayyat ka hissa jo usay pehli Mayyat say mila hai, Us kay aur doosri Mayyat kay asal kay darmiyaan Tabaayun ki nisbat ho to doosri Mayyat kay asal ko pehli Mayyat kay asal kay sath zarb den. Aur Haasil-e-Zarb Munaaskha ki jami’a hogi. Ab dobaarah doosri Mayyat kay asal ko pehli Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hissa kay sath zarb den aur jawab un kay naamon kay samnay jami’a kay tahat likhein. Is tarhan doosri Mayyat kay hissa ko jo usay pehli Mayyat say asal say mila hai usay doosri Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hissa kay sath zarb den. Aur jawaab ko un kay naamon kay saamnay jami’a kay tahat likhein aur jis waaris ko donon maslon say do hissay milein hain unhein jama karein woh us waaris ka hissa hoga.
Misaal: Aik aadmi apni Maan, ‘Allati Behan aur Chacha ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya. Tarka ki taqseem say qabal ‘Allati Behan apnay Khaawand aur mazkoorah Chacha ko chode kar faut hogai.
Hal: Pehli Mayyat ka asal masla (6) hai. Maan ko (1/3) (2) milay, ‘Allati Behan ko (1/2) (3) milay aur baqi (1) Chacha ko mila doosri Mayyat (‘Allati Behan) ka asal masla (2) hai. Khaawand ko (1/2), (1) mila aur baqi (1) Chacha ko mila. Doosri Mayyat ka asal (2) hai aur usay pehli Mayyat say (3) milay hain. (2) aur (3) kay darmiyaan Tabayun ki nisbat hai. Ab ‘allati Behan kay masla kay asal (2) ko pehli Mayyat kay asal (6) say zarb den ( 2×6=12 ) Haasil-e-Zarb (12) Munaaskha ki jami’a hogi, Ab dobarah (2) say pehli Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hissa kay sath zarb den gay, Isi tarhan doosri Mayyat kay hissa (3) ko jo usay pehli Mayyat kay asal say mila hai usay doosri Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hisson say zarb den gay. Is tarhan Maan ko (4) Chacha ko pehlay masla say (2) aur dosray masla say (3) aur kul (5) milay aur Khaawand ko (3) milay.
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|
2×6 |
|
2 |
12 |
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1/3 |
Maan |
2×2 |
= |
= |
4 |
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1/2 |
Allati bahn |
3 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
|
ع |
Chacha |
2×1 |
Chacha ع |
3×1 |
2+3=5 |
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|
|
1/2 |
Khawand |
3×1 |
3 |
❁ Tawaafuq ki misaal: Doosri Mayyat ka woh hissa jo usay pehli Mayyat kay asal masla say mila hai, Us kay aur us kay asal kay darmiyaan Tawafuq ki nisbat ho to un ka tawaafiq (Al-Qasim-ul-Mushtrak-ul- Aazam) muloom karein. Ab doosri Mayyat kay asal ko is tawaafuq say taqseem karein Haasil-e-Taqseem ko pehli Mayyat kay asal say zarb den, Haasil-e-Zarb donon maslon ki jami’a hogi. Phir us Adad say pehli Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hisson kay sath zarb den, Aur jawaab jami’a kay tahat likhein. Ab doosri Mayyat kay hissa ko jo usay pehli Mayyat say mila hai usay isi tawaafuq kay sath taqseem karein. Aur jawaab ko doosri Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hissa kay sath zarb den, Jin waarison ko donon maslon say alag alag hissa mila hai un ko jama karein. Aur jami’a kay tahat likhein.
Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya. Us nay apni Biwi, Beti aur ‘Aini Bhai ko zindah choda. Tarka ki taqseem say pehlay Beti faut hogi aur apna Khaawand, Beti aur mazkoorah baala waarison ko zindah choda (yani Maan ko jo pehlay masla mein Biwi thi. Aur Chacha ko pehlay masla mein ‘Aini Bhai tha).
Hal: Pehli Mayyat ka asal masla (8) hai Biwi ko (1/8) (1) mila, Beti ko (1/2) (4) milay aur baqi (3) ‘Aini Bhai nay Bator-e-Asabah liye. Doosri Mayyat (Beti) ka asal masla (12) hai. Maan ko (1/6) (2) milay jo pehlay masla mein Biwi thi Khaawand ko (1/4) (3) milay, Beti ko (1/2) (6) milay aur baqi (1) Chacha ko milay jo pehlay masla mein ‘Aini Bhai tha. Doosri Mayyat (Beti) ka asal masla (12) hai aur usay pehli Mayyat kay asal say (4) milay hain. (4) aur (12) kay darmiyaan Tawaafuq bil Robo’u ki nisbat hai, Asal (12) ko (4) say taqseem kiya (12÷4=3) Haasil-e-Taqseem (3) ko pehli Mayyat (Biwi) kay asal (8) say zarb diya (3×8=24) Haasil-e-Zarb (24) is masla ki jami’a hai. Dobaarah (3) say pehli Mayyat kay sab waarison kay hisson say zarb diya ab doosri Mayyat kay hissa ko tawaafuq (4) say taqseem kiya. (4÷4=1) Haasil-e-Taqseem (1) ko doosri Mayyat kye sab waarison kay sath zarb diya. Aur un kay jawaabaat ko jami’a tahat likha. Is tarhan Biwi ko do hissay milay un ka mjmoa’h (2+3 ) (5) Biwi ka hissa hai is tarhan ‘Aini Bhai ko do hissay milay un ka mjmoa’h (9+1=10) (10) is ka hissa hai. Khaawand ko (3) milay aur doosri Mayyat ki Beti ko (6) milay.
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3×8 |
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12 |
24 |
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1/8 |
Biwi |
3×1 |
Maan 1/6 |
1×62 |
3+2=5 |
|
1/2 |
Baiti |
4 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
|
ع |
Aini Bhai |
3×3 |
Chacha ع |
1×1 |
9+1=10 |
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|
|
1/4 |
Khawand |
1×3 |
3 |
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|
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1/2 |
Baiti |
1×6 |
6 |
Note: Agar doosri Mayyat kay baad teesra waaris faut ho jaaye to munaaskha ki pehli jami’a ko pehli Mayyat ka asal tasawwur kiya jaaye ga. Aur teesri Mayyat kay asal masla ko doosri Mayyat ka asal tasawwur kiya jaaye ga. Phir teesri Mayyat ko jo pehli jami’a say hissa mila hai. Us kay aur jo us ka asal masla hai un kay darmiyaan dekhen keh kon si nisbat paayi jati hai. Phir guzashta tareeqa ki tarhan usay hal kiya jaaye ga. Isi tarhan agar choutha aur panchawaan waaris faut ho jayen to isi tarhan amal kartay rahen gay. Hatta keh Munaaskha ki aakhri jami’a Haasil kar li jaaye.
Misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi, Maan, Beti aur ‘Aini Behan ko zindah choda. Phir tarka ki taqseem say pehlay Biwi apnay naye Khaawand, Betay aur mazkoorah waarison ko chode kar faut hogai, Is kay baad ‘Aini Behan bhi apnay Khaawand, Betay aur mazkoorah waarison ko chode kar faut ho gai.
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|
4×24 |
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3×4 |
3×69 |
|
5×12 |
288 |
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1/8 |
Biwi |
3 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
|
1/6 |
Maan |
4×4 |
= |
= |
3×16 |
Maan 1/6 |
5×2 |
48+10=58 |
|
1/2 |
Baiti |
4×12 |
Baiti ع |
3×1 |
3×51 |
= |
= |
153 |
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ع |
Aini bahn |
4×5 |
= |
= |
20 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
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Khawand 1/4 |
3×1 |
3×3 |
= |
= |
9 |
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Baita ع |
3×2 |
3×6 |
= |
= |
18 |
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Khawand 1/4 |
5×3 |
15 |
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Baita ع |
5×7 |
35 |
Hal: Pehli Mayyat ka asal masla (24) hai. Biwi ko (1/8) (3) milay, Maan ko (1/6) (4) milay Beti ko (1/2) (12) milay aur baqi (5) ‘Aini Behan ko Bator-e-Asabah milay. Ab doosri Mayyat (Biwi) ka asal masla (4) hai Khawand ko (1/4) (1) mila, Baqi (3) mein say Beti ko (1) mila, Aur Betay ko (2) milay. Biwi ka asal masla (4) aur is kay hissay (3) kay darmiyaan Tabaayun ki nisbat hai. Lehaza Biwi kay asal masla (4) ko pehli Mayyat kay asal masla (24) say zarb diya. (4×24=96) Haasil-e-Zarb (96) masla ki pehli jami’a hai. Is say Maan ko (16) milay, Beti ko do hissay milay in ka majmoa (3+48=51), (51) Beti ka hissa hai. ‘Aini Behan ko (20) milay Khaawand ko (3) aur Betay ko (6) milay. Ab teesri Mayyat (‘Aini Behan) ka asal masla (12) hai. Aur isay pehli jami’a say (20) milay hain. (12) aur (20) kay darmiyaan Tawaafiq bil robo’u ki nisbat hai lehaza ‘Aini Behan kay asal (12) ko (4) say taqseem kiya (12÷4=3). Haasil-e-Taqseem (3) say pehlay jamea (96) ko zarb diya (3×96=288) Haasil zarb (288) is masla ki aakhri jami’a hai. Phir pehli jami’a kay tahat sab waarison kay hisson ko bhi (3) say zarb diya. phir ‘aini Behan kay hissa (20) ko (4) say taqseem kiya (20÷4=5) Haasil-e-Taqseem (5) say Maan, Khaawand aur Betay kay hisson say zarb diya. Aur un kay jawaabaat ko jami’a kay tahat likha. Chunancha aakhri jami’a (288) mein say Maan ko (58) milay, Beti ko (153) milay. Biwi kay naye Khaawand ko (9) milay is ki Beti ko (18) milay ‘aini Behan kay Khaawand ko (15) milay aur us kay Betay ko (35) milay.
Misaal 2: Aik aurat faut hogi aur apnay Khaawand, Maan aur Beti ko zindah choda tarka ki taqseem say qabal Khaawand faut ho gaya aur apni nai Biwi Maan aur Baap ko zindah choda. phir Beti faut hogai aur apni Beti, Do beton aur mazkoorah waarison ko zindah choda. Phir Maan faut hogai. Aur apnay Khaawand aur ‘Aini Bhaiyon ko zindah choda.
Hal: Khaawand, Beti, Maan wala masla radd ka masla hai is ki jami’a (16) hai. Dosra masla Biwi Maan aur Baap ka Umriyyatain masla hai is ka asal masla (4) hai. Khaawand kay hissay (4) aur us kay asal (4) mein Tamaasul ki nisbat hai lehaza (16) Munaaskha ki pehli jami’a hai. Phir Beti faut ho gai Beti ka hissa (9) aur is kay asal (6) kay darmiyaan Tawaafuq bil sulus hai. Lehaza pehli jami’a (16) ko (2) say zarb diya (2×16=32) Haasil-e-Zarb (32) Munaaskha ki doosri jami’a hai. Phir Naani faut hogai is ka asal (2) hai aur is ki tasheeh (4) hai aur is ka hissa (9) hai. (4) aur (9) kay darmiyaan Tabaayun ki nisbat hai lehaza doosri jami’a (32) ko (4) say zarb diya (32×4=128) Haasil-e-Zarb (128) Munaaskha ki aakhri jami’a hai. Lehaza jami’a mein say Biwi ko (8) milay, Maan ko (8) milay, Baap ko (16) milay. Pehli Beti ki Beti ko (12) milay, Is kay pehlay Betay ko (24) milay, Dosray Betay ko bhi (24) milay. Phir Maan kay Khaawand ko (18) milay is kay pehlay ‘Aini Bhai ko (9) milay aur dosray ‘Aini Bhai ko bhi (9) milay.
|
Jamiat-ul- |
Radd |
16 |
|
4 |
2×16 |
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3×6 |
4×32 |
|
2×2=4 |
128 |
|
1/4 |
Khawand |
4 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
|
1/2 |
Baiti |
9 |
= |
= |
9 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
|
1/6 |
Maan |
3 |
= |
= |
3×2=6 |
Nani 1/6 |
1×3=3 |
6+3=9 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
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Biwi 1/4 |
1 |
1×2=2 |
= |
= |
2×4=8 |
= |
= |
8 |
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Maan 1/3 |
1 |
1×2=2 |
= |
= |
2×4=8 |
= |
= |
8 |
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|
Baab ع |
1 |
2×2=4 |
= |
= |
4×4=16 |
= |
= |
16 |
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Baiti ع |
1×3=3 |
3×4=12 |
= |
= |
12 |
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Baita ع |
2×3=6 |
6×4=24 |
= |
= |
24 |
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Baita ع |
2×3=6 |
6×4=24 |
= |
= |
24 |
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Khawand 1/2 |
2×9=18 |
18 |
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Bhai ع |
1×9 |
9 |
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Bhai ع |
1×9 |
9 |
is misaal ka tablay darj zail hai:
Misaal 3: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apni Biwi, Beti aur Chacha ko zindah choda phir tarka ki taqseem say pehlay Beti mazkoorah wurasa ko zindah chode kar faut ho gai. Phir Biwi apna Khaawand aur do ‘Aini behnon ko zindah chode kar faut ho gai.
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|
|
3×8 |
|
3 |
24 |
|
6/7 |
24 |
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1/8 |
Biwi |
1×3=3 |
Maan 1/3 |
1×4=4 |
3+4=7 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
|
1/2 |
Baiti |
4 |
Mayyat |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
|
ع |
Chacha |
3×3=9 |
Cahcha ع |
2×4=8 |
9+8=17 |
= |
= |
17 |
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Khawand 1/2 |
3 |
3 |
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2 Aini bahnayin 2/3 |
4 |
4 |
Hal: Pehlay masla ka asal masla (8) hai. Phir Beti faut hogai us ka asal masla (3) aur us ka hissa (4) hai. (3) aur (4) kay darmiyaan Tabaayun ki nisbat hai. Chunancha (8) ko (3) say zarb diya (8×3=24) Haasil-e-Zarb (24) Munaaskha ki pehli jami’a hai. Phir Biwi faut hogai. Biwi kay masla ka asal masla (6) hai lekin is mein (7) tak auwl hai is tarhan Biwi kay hissa (7) aur is kay asal masla (7) kay darmiyaan Tamaasul ki nisbat hai lehaza pehli jami’a (24) hi aakhri jami’a ho gai. Is mein say Chacha ko (17) milay. Biwi kay Khaawand ko (3) aur is ki do ‘Aini behnon ko (4) milay har aik ko (2) millay.
Misaal 4: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya us nay Biwi, Do Betay (alif) aur (bay) us kay batan say aik aur Beta (jeem) aur Beti mut’allaqa Biwi kay batan say zindah choday. Phir tarka ki taqseem say qabal Beta (jeem) faut ho gaya us nay apni Maan aur mazkoora wurasa zindah choday. Phir Beta (alif ) apnay do Akhiyaafi Bhaiyon aur mazkoorah wurasa ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya. Phir Beta (bay) mazkoorah wurasa ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya. Phir Biwi apnay do Betay jo guzashta masla mein Akhiyaafi Bhai hain aur deegar mazkoorah waarison ko zindah chode kar faut ho gai.
Misaal 4: ka hal shuda tablay aglay safha par mujood hai.
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.