15. Hamal ki Wiraasat.
Hamal ki wiraarsat
میراث الحمل
✦ Hamal kay lughwi aur istilahi Maana:
Lughwi Maana: Hamal lughat mein siqal kay Maana mein aata hai.
Istilahi mana: Maan kay raham mein jo nutfa qaraar pa jaata hai chahay muzakar ho ya mo’annas usay hamal kehtay hain.
Hamal ki jins ghair muloom hoti hai. Pata nahi woh ladka hai ya ladki aur yeh bhi nahi keh saktay kay woh zindah peda hota hai ya nahi. Agar zindah peda ho to woh apnay Moris ki jaedaad ka waaris hoga. Aur agar woh murda peda howa to woh waaris nahi hoga.
Hamal chunkeh Majhool-ul-Wasaf hota hai. Is liye Mayyat ki jaedad ki hatmi taqseem mumkin nahi hai. Behtar yeh hai kay Waza-e-Hamal kay baad jaedad taqseem ki jaye. Lekin dosray wurasa jo hamal kay hamrah tarka mein shareek hain un kay halaat kay Mad-e-Nazar jaedad ki aarzi taqseem ki ja sakti hai. Phir paidaiesh kay baad hatmi taqseem ki jaye gi.
✦ Hamal kay waris bannay ki Shuroot (شروط ارث الحمل):
❁ Hamal kay waris bannay ki do shartein hain:
1: Muwarris ki mout kay waqt hamal Maan kay raham mein mujood hona chahiye. Yeh tab saabit hota hai jab bacha ki paidaiesh muqarara waqt kay andar andar ho. Is muddat mein foqaha kay darmiyaan ikhtilaaf paaya jata hai.
Ahnaaf kay nazdeek hamal ki muddat zayaada say zayaada do saal hai.
Imam Ahmed aur imam Shafi (رحمہما اللہ) kay haan hamal ki aksar muddat chaar saal hai. Aur Imam Maalik kay haan paanch saal hai. Lekin sab fuqaha ka is par ijma hai kay hamal ki aqal muddat chay mah hai. Agar koi bacha Muwarris ki mout kay baad aksar muddat kay andar peda ho to woh waris hoga aur agar aksar muddat kay baad peda howa to woh Mayyat ka waris nahi hoga.
Agar hamal Mayyat ka apna nahi balkeh us kay Maan, Baap, Beta ya Bhai waghera ka ho to us kay waaris ban’nay ki yeh shart hai keh Mayyat ki wafaat ko chay mah pooray hotay hi ya us say pehlay bacha peda ho. Agar chay mah kay baad peda howa to woh waris nahi banay ga. Kiunkeh mumkin hai keh Mayyat ki wafaat kay waqt woh aurat haamila nah ho. Aur hamal baad mein thehra ho. Jab shak peda ho gaya to bacha waris nahi ban sakta kiunkeh waris ban’nay ki bunyadi shart yeh hai kay hamal Muwarris ki wafaat kay waqt mujood ho.
2: Hamal Maan kay raham say zindah peda ho. Us ki zindagi kay assaar jan’nay ki mukhtalif soortein hain. Maslan paidaiesh kay waqt bachay ka chilana. Cheenkh Maanrna ya rona waghera jaisa kay Sayyiduna Jabir (رضی اللہ عنہ) say riwaayat hai:
قَالَ : قَالَ النَّبِیُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَیْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الطفل لا یصلى علیه وَلَا یَرِثُ وَلَا یُورَثُ حَتى یَسْتَهلَّ
ابن ماجه، الترمذی
“Bacha jab tak paidaiesh kay waqt cheekhay, chillaye nah to us ki Namaz-e-Janaza nahi padhi jaye gi. Aur nah hi woh waris hoga aur nah hi dosray us kay waris hon gay”
✦ Hamal walay masla ko hal karnay ka tareeqa:
Hamal walay masla ko do dafaa hal kiya jaye ga. Aik dafaa hamal ko muzakkar tasawwur karein gay aur doosri dafaa hamal ko mo’annas tasawwur karein gay. Donon masloo kay asal masla agar mukhtalif hon to unhein muttahid yani aik jaisa banana hoga. Woh is tarhan keh dekhna hoga keh donon usoolon kay darmiya Tamaasul, Tabaayun, Tawaafuq mein say koi si nisbat pai jaati hai. Agar donon usoolon kay darmiyan Tamaasul ki nisbat ho to un mein say kisi aik ko hamal ki jaamia bana’yin gay, Aur agar un kay darmiyan Tabaayun ki nisbat ho to muzak’kar walay asal ko mo’annas walay asal say aur us kay tahat sab waarison kay hisson say zarb den gay. Isi tarhan mo’annas walay asal ko muzakkar walay asal say aur is kay tahat sab warison kay hisson say zarb den gay. Aur agar un kay darmiyan Tawafuq ki nisbat ho to muzakkar walay asal kay wfaq ko mo’annas walay poooray asal say aur is kay tahat sab warison kay hisson say zarb den gay isi tarhan mo’annas walay asal kay wfaq ko muzakkar walay poooray asal say aur is kay tahat sab warison kay hisson say zarb den gay. Phir kisi aik tasheeh shuda asal ko hamal ki jamia banayen gay.
Jis waris ka hissa in donon sooraton mein nahi badla usay us ka poora hissa den gay. Jis waris ka hissa kisi masla mein kam ho gaya to usay kam diya jaye ga. Agar koi waris donon sooraton mein say kisi soorat mein mahroom ho jata hai to usay is aarzi taqseem say kuch nahi diya jaye ga. Agar koi waris donon sooraton mein mahroom hota hai to woh jaedad say mahroom hoga. Is aarzi taqseem mein jo hissay bach jaye gay unhein hamal ki paidaiesh tak mahfooz aur moqoof kar liya jaye ga. Phir bachay ki paidaiesh kay baad dekha jaye ga. Jo mazeed hissay ka haqdaar hoga usay is moqoof say day diya jaye ga. Is aarzi taqseem mein say warison say zamin liya jaye ga keh jinhein un kay haq say zayada hissa mila hai to woh deegar worasa ko waapas kar den gay.
Hamal agar dosray warison kay liye Haajib hai to hamal ki paidaiesh tak tarka taqseem nahi kiya jaye ga. Hamal agar aik soorat mein waris banta hai aur doosri soorat mein waris nahi banta to us ka poora hissa us ki paidaiesh tak moqoof rakha jaye ga. Hamal agar donon sooraton mein waris nahi banta to us ki paidaiesh ka intzaar nahi kiya jaye ga. Balkeh tarka ko warison kay darmiyaan taqseem kar diya jaye ga. Maslan aik aadmi nay apna Baap aur Maan jo dosray Khawand say haamila hai zindah choda. Is misaal mein hamal Akhyaafi Bhai say ya Akhyaafi Behan hain donon Baap ki mujoodgi ki wajah say mahroom hain is liye Baap aur Maan kay darmiyan tarka taqseem kar diya jaye ga. Maan (1/3) milay ga aur baqi (2/3) Baap lay ga.
Tamaasul ki misaal: Aik aadmi faut ho gaya aur apnay Baap aur haamila Biwi ko zindah choda.
Is misaal ki donon sooraton mein asal masla (24) hai. Is liye is ki jamia (24) hai. Biwi ko (3) Baap ko (4) is ka kam wala hissa mila aur baqi (17) moqoof hain. Agar ladka peda howa to saaray wahi lay ga. Aur agar ladki peda hui to ladki ko (17) mein say (12) den gay aur baqi (5) Baap ko mazeed den gay. Is tarhan Baap ko (9) milein gaye.
|
mafrooz |
Muzakkar |
24 |
|
1/8 |
Biwi |
3 |
|
1/6 |
Baap |
4 |
|
ع |
Hamal (Pota) |
17 |
|
mafrooz |
Muannas |
24 |
|
1/8 |
Biwi |
3 |
|
1/6, ع |
Baap |
4+5=9 |
|
1/2 |
Hamal (Poti) |
12 |
|
24 |
Jamia |
|
3 |
Biwi |
|
4 |
Baap |
|
17 |
Muqoof |
Tabaayun ki misaal: Aik aadmi faut hogaya aur apna Pota, Poti aur Betay ki haamila Biwi ko zindah choda. Muzakkar walay masla ka asal (5) hai aur mo’annas walay masla ka asal (4) hai donon kay darmiyan Tabaayun ki nisbat hai. Lehaza is ki jamea (4×5=20 ) Haasil-e-Zarb (20) hai. Poti ko us ka kam hissa (8) den gay. Aur Poti ko bhi is ka kam hissa (4) den gay. Baqi (8) moqoof hain. Agar ladka peda howa to saaray moqoof wahi lay ga. Aur agar ladki peda hui to woh (8) mein say (5) lay gi aur baqi (3) mein say Pota mazeed (2) lay ga aur Poti mazeed (1) lay gi.
|
mafrooz |
Muzakkar |
4×5 |
20 |
|
ع |
Pota |
4×2 |
8 |
|
ع |
Poti |
4×1 |
1 |
|
ع |
Hamal (Pota) |
4×2 |
8 |
|
mafrooz |
Muannas |
4×5 |
20 |
|
ع |
Pota |
2×5 |
10 |
|
ع |
Poti |
1×5 |
5 |
|
ع |
Hamal (Poti) |
1×5 |
5 |
|
20 |
Jamia |
|
8 |
Pota |
|
4 |
Poti |
|
8 |
Muqoof |
Tawaafuq ki misaal: Aik aurat faut hogai Us nay apna Khawand aur Maan ko jo us kay Baap say say haamila hai zindah choda. (Hamal Aini Bhai hai ya Aini Behan) muzakkar walay maslay ka asal (6) hai aur mo’annas walay masla ka asal (8) kiunkeh is mein awul waaqe howa hai. (6) aur (8) kay darmiyan Tawafuq bil’nisf ki nisbat hai. Lehaza asal (6) ko (4) say zarb den gay aur asal (8) ko (3) say zarb den gay. Is masla ki jamia (24) hai. Is aarzi taqseem mein Khawand ko us ka aqal hissa (9) den gay. Aur Maan ko us aqal hissa (6) den gay aur baqi (9) moqoof hon gaye. Agar ladki peda hui to woh saaray moqoof lay gi aur agar ladka peda ho to woh (9) mein say (4) lay ga. Aur baqi (5) mein say Khawand mazeed (3) lay ga aur Maan mazeed (2) lay gi.
|
mafrooz |
Muzakkar |
4×6 |
24 |
|
1/2 |
Khawand |
4×3 |
12 |
|
1/3 |
Maan |
4×2 |
8 |
|
ع |
Hamal (Ladka) |
4×1 |
4 |
|
mafrooz |
Muannas |
3×8 |
24 |
|
1/2 |
Khawand |
3×3 |
9 |
|
1/3 |
Maan |
3×2 |
6 |
|
ع |
Hamal (Ladki) |
3×3 |
9 |
|
24 |
Jamia |
|
9 |
Khawand |
|
6 |
Maan |
|
9 |
Muqoof |
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.