17. Mafqood-ul-Khabar ki meeras
Mafqood-ul-Khabar ki meeras
✦ Lughwi aur Istilahi ma’ana
Lughwi ma’ana: Mafqood baab ضرب یضرب say Ism-e-Maf’ool ka Seegha hai. Jis kay ma’ana gum paana kay atay hain jaisa keh (فقدت الشیئ) mein nay cheez ko ghum paaya, Quran mein surah Yousuf mein hai (قالوا نفقد صواع الملک) unhon nay kaha “Ham baadshah ka wazan karnay ka pemaana ghum paatay hain.”
Istilahi ma’ana: Meeras mein mafqood aisay shakhs ko kaha jata hai jis ka pata nah chal sakay keh woh kahan hai aur nah koi yeh jaanta ho keh woh zindah hai ya faut ho gaya hai.
✦ Mafqood ki do haalatein hain
احوال المفقود:
✯ Pehli haalat: Mafqood agar mo’annas hai yani us ki jaedad ko us kay rishtedaaron kay darmiyan taqseem karna hai. To usay zindah tasawwur kiya jaye ga, Aur us ki jaedaad us kay warisoon mein taqseem nahi ki jaye gi. Hatta keh us ki zindagi ya mout ki yaqeeni khabar aa jaye ya phir qaazi us kay mout ka ae’laan kar day. Mafqood ki Biwi say bhi koi doosra shadi nahi kar sakta, Is kay muta’liq sayyiduna Ali رضی اللہ عنہ ka qoul hai. “ھی امرأة ابتلیت فلتصبر و لا تنکح حتی یاتیھا یقین موته” (Saabooni: 127)
Mafqood ki Muddat-e-Intizaar ki ta’yeen kay baray mein fuqaha’a kay darmiyaan ikhtilaaf paaya jata hai.
✯ Al-Ahnaaf: Imam Abu Hanifa رحمۃ اللہ علیہ ka qoul hai keh Yoom-e-Wilaadat say lay kar (90) saal ki Umar ko pouhanchnay tak intizaar kiya jaye ga. Imam Abu Yousuf رحمۃ اللہ علیہ ka qoul keh wiladat kay din say lay kar (105) saal tak intizaar kiya jaye ga. Aur Imam Muhammad رحمۃ اللہ علیہ ka qoul hai keh (110) saal pooray kiye jaye gay, Imam Al-Hasan bin Ziyaad رحمۃ اللہ علیہ kehtay hain kay (120) saal ki Umar ko pouhanchnay tak intizaar kiya jaye ga. Lekin Ahnaaf mein raajeh qoul hai keh (90) saal ki umar ko pouhanchnay tak intizaar kiya jaye aur isi fatwa par amal hai. (Al Shareefah Sarah-ul-Sirajiyah: 137)
Al-Shaafiyah: Imam Shaafi’ee رحمة اللہ علیہ ki raaiye hai keh mafqood ka (90) saal ki Umar ko pouhanchnay tak intizaar kiya jaye.
Al-Maanlkiyah: Imam Maalik رحمة اللہ علیہ kay nazdeek Muddat-e-Intzaar Yoom-e-Wilaadat say lay kar (70) saal tak pouhanchnay ki hai. Woh Tirmizi shareef ki hadees say istidlaal kartay hain. Nabi Akram صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم nay farmaya: “اعمار امتی بین الستین والسبعین” “Meri ummat ki umrein (60 aur 70) saal kay darmiyaan hon gi.”
Al-Hanaabilah: Imam Ahmed bin Hanmbal رحمۃ اللہ علیہ ki raye bhi (90) saal ki Umar tak pouhanchnay ki hai lekin woh qaazi ki sawaabdeed par chodh detay hain keh qaazi mafqood ki ghum shudgi kay asbaab ko Mad-e-Nazar rakhtay hue koi bhi muddat muqarrar kar sakta hai. Maslan mafqood agar behri jahaaz mein safar kar raha tha jahaaz doob gaya aur kuch log is mein zindah bach gaye. Ya mafqood us ilaaqa mein gaya jahan Khanah-e-Jungi ho rahi hai. In halaat mein (90) saal tak intizaar ki kya zaroorat hai. Is tarhan kay ahwaal ko Mad-e-Nazar rakhtay hue qaazi jo hukum saadir karay ga us par amal kiya jaye ga. Aur yahi mazhab saheeh ma’loom hota hai. واللہ اعلم بالصواب
✦ Mafqood kay wurasa’a
Mafqood agar Muwarris hai aur qaazi us ki mout ka ae’laan kar deta hai to us kay waaris kon kon hongy. Is Maamla mein bhi fuqaha’a kay darmiyaan ikhtilaaf paaya jata hai.
Imam Abu Hanifa , Imam Shaf’i aur Imam Ahmed kay nazdeek jo waaris qaazi kay ae’laan kay waqat zindah hain wahi waris hungay, Aur jo waaris ae’laan say qabal wafaat pa gye hain woh waaris nahi banein gay.
Lekin Imam Maalik kay nazdeek jo waaris mafqood ki ghumshudgi kay ibtidai ayyaam mein zindah thay woh waaris hon gay, Agar woh wafaat paa gaye hon to un kay zindah waris apnay asal waris kay hissa kay waris hon gay.
Al-Raaj’eh: Aimmah-e-Salaasa ka mazhab raaj’eh muloom hota hai kiunkeh Muwarris ki mout kay waqt hayaat waaris hatmi shart hai. Is liye jo ae’laan say qabal wafaat pa gaye woh waris nahi ban satkay kiunkeh mafqood ki gumshudgi kay ayyaam mein is par mout ka hukum nahi lagaya ja sakta.
✦ Mafqood ki mout kay ae’laan kay baad wapsi:
Agar qaazi nay mafqood ki mout ka ae’laan kar diya to us ki jaedaad mustahiq wurasa’a kay darmiyaan taqseem kar di jaye gi. Ab agar baad mein muloom ho gaya keh woh zindah hai ya woh khud hi haazir ho gaya. To us ki jaedaad ka utna hissa hi usay dilaaya jaye ga. Jo wurasa’a kay paas bia’inihi mujood hoga. Agar unhon nay usay isti’maal kar liya ya us mein tabdeeli kar li ya farokht kar diya to us kay waaris usay waapas karnay kay zaamin nahi hungay.
✯ Doosri haalat: Jab mafqood kisi ka waaris ho to woh us waqt tak waaris nahi hoga. Jab hatmi tor par us ki zindagi kay saboot nah milein. Mafqood ki mout kay ae’laan say pehlay agar koi Muwarris faut ho gaya to mafqood us ka waaris hoga. Agar mafqood kisi masa’la mein akeela hi waaris hai ya us kay hamrah aur bhi waaris hain. Lekin woh mafqood ki wajah say wiraasat say kuliya’tan mahroom hain to Muwarris ki saari jaedaad ko mafqood kay liye moqoof rakha jaye ga. Agar woh zindah agaya to saari ki saari moqoof jaedad lay lay ga. Agar qaazi nay us ki mout ka hukum sadir kar diya to moqoof jaedaad baqi wuraasa’a ko muntaqil ho jaye gi. Maslan aik aadmi Aa’ni Bhai aur do Aa’ni Behnein aur Beta Mafqood-ul-Khabar ko chodh kar faut ho gaya. Is misaal mein saari jaedaad mafqood kay liye moqoof rahay gi kiunkeh Betay ki mujoodgi mein Aa’ni Bhai Behnein wiraasat say mahroom hain. Lekin qaazi kay mafqood ki mout ka hukum sadir karnay kay baad saari moqoof jaedaad Aa’ni Bhai aur behnoon kay darmiyaan “لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ” kay tahat taqseem ki jaye gi.
Agar mafqood kay hamrah masa’lah mein aisay waaris bhi mujood hain jo us ki mout aur hayaat ki haalat mein bhi waaris hotay hain to aisay masloon ko hal karnay kay liye darj zail amal karna hoga.
Aisay masail ko do dafaa hal kiya jaye ga. Aik dafaa mafqood ko zindah aur doosri dafaa murda tasawwur karein gay. Agar donon masloon kay asal mukhtalif hon to unhein muttahid banaaya jaaye ga jaisa keh hamal kay masaail mein wazaahat ki gai hai. Phir kisi aik asal ko jamia bana kar mafqood kay ilaawa baqi waarison ko donon masa’loon mein say un ka aqal hissa diya jaye ga. Aur baqi hissa ko mafqood ki haalat zahir honay tak moqoof rakha jaye ga.
Misaal 1: Tamaasul ki misaal: Aik shakhs apni Biwi, Maan, Al’laati Bhai aur A’ini Bhai mafqood ko zindah chode kar faut ho gaya.
Is misaal mein hayaat aur wafaat waalay donon masa’loon ka asal (12) hai lehaza is ki jamia (12) hai. Biwi ko (3), Maan ko (2) Al’lati Bhai mahroom in kay aqal hissay day gaye. Aur baaqi (7) Aa’ini Bhai ki haalat zahir honay tak moqoof hain agar woh zindah huwa to saaray moqoof shuda hissay woh lay ga. Aur agar us ki wafaat saabit hogi to moqoof (7) mein say (5) Al’lati Bhai lay ga. Aur baqi (2) Maan ko mazeed den gay taakeh us kay (4) hissay poooray ho jaeye.
|
Zindah |
12 |
|
|
1/4 |
Biwi |
13 |
|
1/6 |
Maan |
2 |
|
م |
Allati Bhai |
= |
|
ع |
Aini Bhai |
7 |
|
Zindah |
12 |
|
|
1/4 |
Biwi |
3 |
|
1/3 |
Maan |
4 |
|
ع |
Allati Bhai |
4 |
|
× |
Aini Bhai |
× |
|
Jamia |
12 |
|
Biwi |
3 |
|
Maan |
2 |
|
Allati Bhai |
× |
|
Aini Bhai |
7 |
Misaal 2: Tabaayun ki misaal: Aik aurat faut hogai us nay apna Beta, Beti aur teesra Beta mafqood ko zindah choda.
Hayaat waalay masla ka asal (5) hai aur wafaat waalay ka asal (3) hai. Donon kay darmiyaan tabaayun ki nisbat hai. Lehaza is masla ki jamia (15) hai. Beta (6) aur Beti (3) lay gi in kay aqal hissay aur baqi (6) mafqood ki haalat zahir honay tak moqoof rakhein gay, Agar mafqood zindah huwa to saaray moqoof shuda hissa lay lay ga. Agar us ki mout saabit hogai to pehla Beta mazeed (4) aur Beti mazeed (2) lay gi.
|
Zinda |
5×3 |
15 |
|
|
ع |
Beta |
2×3 |
6 |
|
ع |
Beti |
1×3 |
3 |
|
ع |
Mafqood Beta |
2×3 |
6 |
|
Wafaat |
3×5 |
15 |
|
|
ع |
Beta |
2×5 |
10 |
|
ع |
Beti |
1×5 |
5 |
|
ع |
Mafqood Beta |
× |
× |
|
Jamia |
15 |
|
Beta |
6 |
|
Beti |
3 |
|
Muqoof |
6 |
Misaal 3: Tawafuq ki misaal: Aik aurat apna Khawand, Maan, Al’lati Behan aur A’ani Bhai mafqood ko chode kar faut ho gai.
Is misaal mein hayaat waalay masa’la ka asal (6) hai aur wafaat waalay msa’la ka asal (8) hai donon kay darmiyaan tawaafuq bil nisf ki nisbat hai. Is ki jamia (24) hai. (Asal 6 ko 4 say zarab dainay say aur asal 8 ko 3 say zarab dainay say) Khaawand ko (9) den gay, Aur Maan ko (4) baqi (11) moqoof hon gay. Agar Aa’ini Bhai zindah huwa to woh (11) mein say (8) lay ga aur baqi (3) Khaawand ko mazeed den gay, Aur agar Aa’ini Bhai faut ho gaya to moqoof shuda (11) mein say (9) Al’lati Behan lay gi aur baqi (2) Maan ko mazeed den gay.
|
Zinda |
6×4 |
24 |
|
|
1/2 |
Khawand |
3×4 |
12 |
|
1/6 |
Maan |
1×4 |
4 |
|
م |
Allati Behan |
= |
= |
|
ع |
Mafqood Aini Bhai |
2×4 |
8 |
|
Wafaat |
8×3 |
24 |
|
|
1/2 |
Khawand |
3×3 |
9 |
|
1/3 |
Maan |
2×3 |
6 |
|
1/2 |
Allati Behan |
3×3 |
9 |
|
× |
Mafqood Aini Bhai |
× |
× |
|
Jamia |
24 |
|
Khawand |
9 |
|
Maan |
4 |
|
Allati Behan |
× |
|
Muqoof |
11 |
REFERENCE:
Book: “Islam Ka Qanoon-e-Warasaat”
By Salah Uddin Haider Lakhwi.